Modern Custom and Ancient Laws of Russiaby Maxime Kovalevsky1891Lecture IIIThe Past and Present of the Russian Village CommunityFew questions of history are debated in our days as that ofthe origin of village communities. French, English, and Germanscholars, to say nothing of Russians and Americans, havepublished whole volumes in order to prove either the existence ornon-existence of village communities in that period of evolutionwhich is generally known as patriarchal.The acute German observer, Baron Haxthausen, who was thefirst to describe to European readers the social and economiccharacter of the Russian mir, was probably quite unconscious ofthe literary movement to which he was to give rise by his two orthree sentences about the antiquity of the Russian agra...
The Life of Thomas Telford by Smilesby Samuel Smiles"Let us travel, and wherever we find no facility fortravelling from a city to a town, from a village to ahamlet, we may pronounce the people to be barbarous"Abbe Raynal"The opening up of the internal communications of acountry is undoubtedly the first and most importantelement of its growth in commerce and civilization"Richard CobdenCONTENTSPrefaceEARLY ROADS AND MODES OF TRAVELLINGCHAPTER I. Old RoadsRoads as agents of civilizationTheir important usesAncient British trackways or ridgewaysThe Romans and their roads in BritainDecay of the Roman roadsEarly legislation relating to highways...
一 后台 办了许多的交涉，××名剧，居然可以从大方剧团在光明戏院上演了。 ××没有演出时，一个短剧正在开始，场中八百个座位满是看客，包厢座上人也满了，楼上座人也满了。因为今天所演的是××的名剧，且在大方剧团以外，还加入了许多其他学校团体演剧人材，所以预料到的空前成就，在没有结果以前，还不知道，但从观众情形上看来，已经就很能够使剧团中人乐观了。这时正在开始一个短短谐剧，是为在××演过独幕剧自杀以后的插话而有的，群众拍手欢笑的声音，振动了瓦屋，使台上扮丑角的某君无法继续说话。另外一个女角，则因为还是初次上台，从这种热烈赞美上，心中异常快乐，且带着一点惊眩，把自己故意矜持起来，忘了应当接下的说词。于是下面为这自然的呆像，更觉得开心，就有许多人笑得流出眼泪，许多人大声呼叫，显然的，是剧本上演员所给观众趣味，已经太过分了。 导演人是一个瘦个儿身材的人，是剧艺运...
Author :Issue : 总第 99期Provenance :Date :Nation :Translator : 美国记者丽茵·佩艾经过8年的查访，最近指出：虽然几个西方国家人均寿命和医药水平大致一样，但各国医生采用的疗法大不相同。 西德医生最重视心脏，如果发现病人有轻微的心律不齐现象，便让他服食小量毛地黄制剂，以预防心脏病发作。其他各国医生一般不会注意这种小毛病。 美国医生倾向于把人体看作是复杂的机器，十分重视年度体检，正如汽车必须“年审”一样。他们动不动要病人作各种各样的检验，尤其少不了透视、心电图以至ＣＴ扫描等“直观检查”。美国大夫较喜欢给病人做手术，光是做冠状动脉旁通手术的患者，每年就有数千人。美国妇女剖腹产子是平常事，子宫有疾患即接受切除手术的人为数不少。 法国医生不轻易对病人动刀，因为法国人的传统观念认为，人体是受之于大自然的“美学实体”，轻易“不敢毁伤”。也正因此，法国医生不满足于“药到病...
紫玉成烟第一章 圣女月光清冷，一望无垠的雪地在月光底下蔓延开去，清森而空寂。地面上掠过的风拂起数点落雪，在空中漫舞飞卷了一阵，无声无息地坠回地面，就像是一轴没有声音的画卷。四周安静得恍若死去，仿佛它亘古以来，就没有了生命迹象。月过中天，空寂如死的雪域忽然有了生命迹象，宛如波浪一般涌动起来。波浪涌动的幅度不断加大、加剧，仿佛有着一种急遽而激烈的情绪，抑制不住地在地底下翻涌奔腾。终于，千尺雪域从中裂开，蹿出一道焕发灼灼蓝芒的夺目光影。水波一般荡漾的蓝芒中心，慢慢显现出一个少女身形。光影中的少女保持着一种奇异而妖艳的姿势，张袖抬足，恍若九天流波，低眉信手，拂出繁花朵朵。蓝光晶莹，拂动她衣袂犹如御风而行，被月光照耀得晶莹耀眼的千里霜雪亦遮挡不住她绝世容颜的惊人闪亮。苍穹之下，隐隐约约有吟唱和鼓韵回转，却是隐隐的欢呼——宛若沉睡于地底千年的闷雷——冒了出来。...
-- 香香饭店 作者：卿卿 《香香饭店》序 张守仁序：原生态的浮世绘(1) 认识卿卿是在20世纪末，她上1996—1997届鲁迅文学院的时候。之后在贵州笔会上巧遇，我们一起坐长途车游览黄果树瀑布，便有了从容交谈的机会。她在路上对我说：“我小时候体弱，一到幼儿园就生病。生了病不能日托，父母只好把我锁在家里。一个人实在寂寞，搬过凳子，站上去看窗外景致。我数对面屋顶上的瓦片，看母鸡在垃圾堆旁伸缩着脖子觅食。偶有小鸟飞过，便像遇见了小伙伴似的兴奋。阳光一束束照射到屋里，我好奇地观看、捕捉光线中飞舞的尘埃。时间长了，我感到无聊，就用小刀把地面划出一条条线来。我知道，阳光移到桌边那条线，姐姐就会回来了；如果照到我的小床边，母亲就要下班了。我多么希望天上的太阳快快走啊。” 我坐在黄果树公园的草地上，听了她的自述，鼓励她：“你具有写作的潜质，坚持下去，必有丰硕的收获。”...
Marquise de Brinvilliersby Alexandre Dumas, PereTowards the end of the year 1665, on a fine autumn evening, there was a considerable crowd assembled on the Pont-Neuf where it makes a turn down to the rue Dauphine. The object of this crowd and the centre of attraction was a closely shut, carriage. A police official was trying to force open the door, and two out of the four sergeants who were with him were holding the horses back and the other two stopping the driver, who paid no attention to their commands, but only endeavoured to urge his horses to a gallop. The struggle had been going on same time, when suddenly one of the doors violentiy pushed open, and a young officer in the uniform of a cavalry captain jumped down, shutting the door as he did so though no...
第 1 章如果不是钱这种东西太重要，如果不是因为妈妈无助的眼神。。。。。如果，这个世界哪里有那么多的如果，欧雪吹用手背擦了一下额头的汗，有点生气的把手中的旅行袋扔到旁边，一屁股坐在这个环境优美的公寓前面。为什么，这个世界，有人天生养尊处优，有人却要为生活奔忙呢。欧雪吹喘了口气，仰头看了一下广告语中的尊贵府邸，无奈的按响了门铃。过了一会，这个一会，却是欧吹雪的手表走了10分钟的一会。“哪位？”一个男声总算出现了，声音很好听，可是语气却有待商榷。“你好，我是新来的。。。。。”她犹豫了一下，还是鼓起勇气继续说，“保姆。”说完，她的眼睛忍不住，开始微微泛红。“我没有请保姆。”对讲机里的声音口气恶劣的很，冷冷的，充满了不耐烦。果然脾气不是一般的臭，欧雪吹想着，却不得不压下自尊，同样冷淡的回应：“楚先生，请您不要因为您的任性让我失业好不好。”对讲机里是长久的沉默，然后液晶显示器中...
On The Ruin of Britain (De Excidio Britanniae)by GildasTranslation by J.A. GilesThe Works of Gildas surnamed "Sapiens", or The Wise.I. The Preface1. Whatever in this my epistle I may write in my humble but wellmeaning manner, rather by way of lamentation than for display,let no one suppose that it springs from contempt of others or thatI foolishly esteem myself as better than they; -for alas! the subjectof my complaint is the general destruction of every thing that isgood, and the general growth of evil throughout the land;butthat I rejoice to see her revive therefrom: for it is my presentpurpose to relate the deeds of an indolent and slothful race, ratherthan the exploits of those who have been valiant in the field*....
千金咬狂徒 作者：简璎 第一章 大英皇朝开陵八年 冬日才过，开陵河两岸的杨柳就迫不及待吐出新芽，整个开陵城在春风的吹拂下苏醒了，一扫寒冬的冷冽，河里碧波荡漾，蓄满了春水，暖煦的春风下，一片太平盛世的景象。 开陵城是大英皇朝的首都，居民百万，帝王正当盛年又睿智英明，因此举国上下的经济已繁华到登峰造极的地步。 只不过今晚文武百官云集的春酒宴上，睿智英明的皇上喝醉了。 他失态，他多话，他脸红得像上了胭脂，他甚至还大刺刺的打了酒嗝，但这一切的一切都无损于他平日的英明，因为明天又会是另外一天，而明天他也依然会继续当一个勤政爱民的好君王。 “丞相……朕的好丞相……你的小闺女还没婚配吧？”皇上搭着右丞相的肩，称兄道弟的问。 可是人家向来拘谨的相爷可就没他这位皇帝老爷这么自在了，右丞相皇刚甯浑身紧绷的答道：“回皇上的话，小女不才，圣今仍待闺中。”...
引子 早晨。阳光和喧嚣都被厚厚的水泥墙挡在外面。洗手间里面开着灯，乳白色的光，使得这个阳光灿烂的时候同夜晚没有任何区别。 我低头洗脸时，眼睛余光里面忽然发现有些东西在动。开始，我以为是早晨时分的幻觉或者因为头晕产生的错觉。 我用冷水再揉了揉眼睛，依旧有东西在动。虽然细小，肯定在游移。 猛转头，我看见洗脸池左面放着一瓶罐装的“王老吉”降火茶，上面围着一圈褐色的微细蚂蚁，不知是什么品种，个子极小，耐心、劳碌而又认真地上下爬动。我总以为蚂蚁嗜甜食，可乐、汽水什么的，甜东西肯定合它们胃口，没有想到连这种中药茶也会吸引它们，难道南方的蚂蚁也要败火清热吗？如果它们吃了加有蜂蜜的蛇胆泻肝丸，不知其中的关木通会不会令它们得尿毒症。 昨晚吃完四川火锅，一罐“王老吉”没有喝完，今天，它成为蚂蚁们的可口早餐。 看见蚂蚁，我第一个念头就是打开热水笼头烫死它们。迟疑片刻，...
1796年11月，俄国女皇叶卡特琳娜二世去世了，她的一生中，幸运与不幸，痛苦与欢乐总是同时存在。她的身世，她的遭遇，她的性格和思想无不充满了令人疑惑的矛盾：在她67年的生命历程中，前33年完全是一个可怜的被损害者的形象，童年时得不到父母的垂爱，15岁就离乡背井从普鲁士来到遥远而陌生的俄国，身不由己地成为了俄国未来沙皇的夫人，在伊丽莎白的严密监视下度过了18年痛苦和孤寂的漫长岁月；但她在登上皇位后的34年里，却“集一切尊贵、幸福和威严于一身”，成为统治者的主宰，君主中的君主。她崇尚自由主义，说自己有一个“共和主义者”的灵魂，甚至聘用有“雅各宾派”①之称的拉阿尔普担任皇孙的家庭教师；但她对法国资产阶级革命却深恶痛绝，称之为“一千二百个头的多头蛇”，还血腥镇压了普加乔夫领导的农民起义。她公开保护外国作家和艺术，同伏尔泰、狄德罗等著名学者以朋友相称，长期保持通讯联系，购买外国艺术品...
马瑞芳讲聊斋序 1和马先生结缘是从《幽冥人生》开始的。在我的感觉中，这位作者是一位老先生，学富五车，人情练达，但又不食人间烟火，他在用一种超然的态度引导着我们走进文学大师蒲松龄笔下的林林总总的人和具有人性的物，我一次又一次地被其中的花鬼狐妖的可爱与多姿所感染，还有那看似信手拈来的点评中所透着的人文关怀。5年之后，与这位老先生相识了，起因于我在中央电视台科教频道《百家讲坛》栏目2004年春末策划了《说聊斋》系列节目。我们栏目的宗旨是“让专家为大众服务”，本来研究聊斋的专家很多，但是真正找到专家和电视的结合点是很不容易的。突然，我想到了《幽冥人生》的作者马瑞芳先生，当时我还不知道这位老先生有多大岁数，身子骨是否还硬朗，我抱着试试看的态度拨通了马先生家的电话。当我听到马先生爽朗的笑声的时候，我才知道，这是一位“女先生”，我更知道了这个系列节目，马先生“有戏”。随后我对马先生...
MINNIKINTHERE was once upon a time a couple of needy folk who livedin a wretched hut, in which there was nothing but black want;so they had neither food to eat nor wood to burn. But if they hadnext to nothing of all else they had the blessing of God so far aschildren were concerned, and every year brought them one more.The man was not overpleased at this. He was always going aboutgrumbling and growling, and saying that it seemed to him thatthere might be such a thing as having too many of these goodgifts; so shortly before another baby was born he went away intothe wood for some firewood, saying that he did not want to see thenew child; he would hear him quite soon enough when he began tosquall for some food....
中文版序J·克里希那穆提（1895—1986，以下简称“克氏”），是印度一个婆罗门家庭的第八个孩子。这位二十世纪最卓越、最伟大的灵性导师，被印度的佛教徒肯定为“中观”与“禅”的导师，而印度教徒则承认他是彻悟的觉者。克氏的父亲是当时通神学会的会员，通神学会是由俄国女子勃拉瓦茨基夫人和美国军官奥尔科特在一八七五年共同创立的，其主旨在促成超越种族、性别、阶级和肤色的兄弟友爱，鼓励会员研究各类古老传统如卡巴拉犹太秘教、诺斯弟教、印度教、佛教、藏密及神秘主义玄学体系。一八八二年，通神学会在印度阿迪亚尔成立总部。克氏童年时对学校的功课没有多大兴趣，他爱梦想，虽然时常看似迷糊而实则具有惊人的剖析力。由于体弱多病，克氏几乎每天都在发高烧。不能上学读书的日子里，他就待在家里拆东西，自己研究时钟或其他机器的结构。学校里的老师完全无法理解这个孩子，都认为他智能不足，常毒打他、罚他站，但这丝毫没...
Donal Grantby George MacDonaldCHAPTER I.FOOT-FARING.It was a lovely morning in the first of summer. Donal Grant wasdescending a path on a hillside to the valley belowa sheep-trackof which he knew every winding as well as any boy his half-mile toand from school. But he had never before gone down the hill withthe feeling that he was not about to go up again. He was on his wayto pastures very new, and in the distance only negatively inviting.But his heart was too full to be troublednor was his a heart toharbour a care, the next thing to an evil spirit, though not quiteso bad; for one care may drive out another, while one devil is sureto bring in another.A great billowy waste of mountains lay beyond him, amongst which...
The Ways of Menby Eliot GregoryChapter 1 - "UNCLE SAM"THE gentleman who graced the gubernatorial arm-chair of our state when this century was born happened to be an admirer of classic lore and the sonorous names of antiquity.It is owing to his weakness in bestowing pompous cognomens on our embryo towns and villages that to-day names like Utica, Syracuse, and Ithaca, instead of evoking visions of historic pomp and circumstance, raise in the minds of most Americans the picture of cocky little cities, rich only in trolley-cars and Methodist meeting-houses.When, however, this cultured governor, in his ardor, christened one of the cities Troy, and the hill in its vicinity Mount Ida, he little dreamed that a youth was living on its slopes whose name was desti...
Letters to His Son, 1766-71by The Earl of ChesterfieldLETTERS TO HIS SONBy the EARL OF CHESTERFIELDon the Fine Art of becoming aMAN OF THE WORLDand aGENTLEMANLETTER CCLXXXIVLONDON, February 11, 1766MY DEAR FRIEND: I received two days ago your letter of the 25th past;and your former, which you mention in it, but ten days ago; this mayeasily be accounted for from the badness of the weather, and consequentlyof the roads. I hardly remember so severe a win ter; it has occasionedmany illnesses here. I am sure it pinched my crazy carcass so much that,...