the antiquities of the jews-1-第205章

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and　inhuman　manner；　because　it　was　not　a　smaller　pleasure　to　the
sufferers　to　have　such　things　concealed；　than　it　would　have　been
not　to　have　suffered　them。　That　Herod　had　put　such　abuses　upon
them　as　a　wild　beast　would　not　have　put　on　them；　if　he　had　power
given　him　to　rule　over　us；　and　that　although　their　nation　had
passed　through　many　subversions　and　alterations　of　government；
their　history　gave　no　account　of　any　calamity　they　had　ever　been
under；　that　could　be　compared　with　this　which　Herod　had　brought
upon　their　nation；　that　it　was　for　this　reason　that　they　thought
they　might　justly　and　gladly　salute　Archelaus　as　king；　upon　this
supposition；　that　whosoever　should　be　set　over　their　kingdom；　he
would　appear　more　mild　to　them　than　Herod　had　been；　and　that　they
had　joined　with　him　in　the　mourning　for　his　father；　in　order　to
gratify　him；　and　were　ready　to　oblige　him　in　other　points　also；
if　they　could　meet　with　any　degree　of　moderation　from　him；　but
that　he　seemed　to　be　afraid　lest　he　should　not　be　deemed　Herod's
own　son；　and　so；　without　any　delay；　he　immediately　let　the　nation
understand　his　meaning；　and　this　before　his　dominion　was　well
established；　since　the　power　of　disposing　of　it　belonged　to
Caesar；　who　could　either　give　it　to　him　or　not；　as　he　pleased。
That　he　had　given　a　specimen　of　his　future　virtue　to　his
subjects；　and　with　what　kind　of　moderation　and　good
administration　he　would　govern　them；　by　that　his　first　action；
which　concerned　them；　his　own　citizens；　and　God　himself　also；
when　he　made　the　slaughter　of　three　thousand　of　his　own
countrymen　at　the　temple。　How　then　could　they　avoid　the　just
hatred　of　him；　who；　to　the　rest　of　his　barbarity；　hath　added　this
as　one　of　our　crimes；　that　we　have　opposed　and　contradicted　him
in　the　exercise　of　his　authority？　Now　the　main　thing　they　desired
was　this：　That　they　might　be　delivered　from　kingly　and　the　like
forms　of　government；　（20）　and　might　be　added　to　Syria；　and　be　put
under　the　authority　of　such　presidents　of　theirs　as　should　be
sent　to　them；　for　that　it　would　thereby　be　made　evident；　whether
they　be　really　a　seditious　people；　and　generally　fond　of
innovations；　or　whether　they　would　live　in　an　orderly　manner；　if
they　might　have　governors　of　any　sort　of　moderation　set　over
them。

3。　Now　when　the　Jews　had　said　this；　Nicolaus　vindicated　the　kings
from　those　accusations；　and　said；　that　as　for　Herod；　since　he　had
never　been　thus　accused　all　the　time　of　his　life；　it　was　not　fit
for　those　that　might　have　accused　him　of　lesser　crimes　than　those
now　mentioned；　and　might　have　procured　him　to　be　punished　during
his　lifetime；　to　bring　an　accusation　against　him　now　he　is　dead。
He　also　attributed　the　actions　of　Archlaus　to　the　Jews'　injuries
to　him；　who；　affecting　to　govern　contrary　to　the　laws；　and　going
about　to　kill　those　that　would　have　hindered　them　from　acting
unjustly；　when　they　were　by　him　punished　for　what　they　had　done；
made　their　complaints　against　him；　so　he　accused　them　of　their
attempts　for　innovation；　and　of　the　pleasure　they　took　in
sedition；　by　reason　of　their　not　having　learned　to　submit　to
justice　and　to　the　laws；　but　still　desiring　to　be　superior　in　all
things。　This　was　the　substance　of　what　Nicolaus　said。

4。　When　Caesar　had　heard　these　pleadings；　he　dissolved　the
assembly；　but　a　few　days　afterwards　he　appointed　Archelaus；　not
indeed　to　be　king　of　the　whole　country；　but　ethnarch　of　the　one
half　of　that　which　had　been　subject　to　Herod；　and　promised　to
give　him　the　royal　dignity　hereafter；　if　he　governed　his　part
virtuously。　But　as　for　the　other　half；　he　divided　it　into　two
parts；　and　gave　it　to　two　other　of　Herod's　sons；　to　Philip　and　to
Antipas；　that　Antipas　who　disputed　with　Archelaus　for　the　whole
kingdom。　Now　to　him　it　was　that　Peres　and　Galilee　paid　their
tribute；　which　amounted　annually　to　two　hundred　talents；　（21）
while　Batanea；　with　Trachonitis；　as　well　as　Auranitis；　with　a
certain　part　of　what　was　called　the　House　of　Zenodorus；　（22）　paid
the　tribute　of　one　hundred　talents　to　Philip；　but　Idumea；　and
Judea；　and　the　country　of　Samaria　paid　tribute　to　Archelaus；　but
had　now　a　fourth　part　of　that　tribute　taken　off　by　the　order　of
Caesar；　who　decreed　them　that　mitigation；　because　they　did　not
join　in　this　revolt　with　the　rest　of　the　multitude。　There　were
also　certain　of　the　cities　which　paid　tribute　to　Archelaus：
Strato's　Tower　and　Sebaste；　with　Joppa　and　Jerusalem；　for　as　to
Gaza；　and　Gadara；　and　Hippos；　they　were　Grecian　cities；　which
Caesar　separated　from　his　government；　and　added　them　to　the
province　of　Syria。　Now　the　tribute…money　that　came　to　Archelaus
every　year　from　his　own　dominions　amounted　to　six　hundred
talents。

5。　And　so　much　came　to　Herod's　sons　from　their　father's
inheritance。　But　Salome；　besides　what　her　brother　left　her　by　his
testament；　which　were　Jamnia；　and　Ashdod；　and　Phasaelis；　and　five
hundred　thousand　＇drachmae＇　of　coined　silver；　Caesar　made　her　a
present　of　a　royal　habitation　at　Askelo；　in　all；　her　revenues
amounted　to　sixty　talents　by　the　year；　and　her　dwelling…house　was
within　Archelaus's　government。　The　rest　also　of　the　king's
relations　received　what　his　testament　allotted　them。　Moreover；
Caesar　made　a　present　to　each　of　Herod's　two　virgin　daughters；
besides　what　their　father　left　them；　of　two　hundred　and　fifty
thousand　＇drachmae＇　of　silver；　and　married　them　to　Pheroras's
sons：　he　also　granted　all　that　was　bequeathed　to　himself　to　the
king's　sons；　which　was　one　thousand　five　hundred　talents；
excepting　a　few　of　the　vessels；　which　he　reserved　for　himself；
and　they　were　acceptable　to　him；　not　so　much　for　the　great　value
they　were　of；　as　because　they　were　memorials　of　the　king　to　him。

CHAPTER　13。

Concerning　A　Spurious　Alexander。

1。　When　these　affairs　had　been　thus　settled　by　Caesar；　a　certain
young　man；　by　birth　a　Jew；　but　brought　up　by　a　Roman　freed…man　in
the　city　Sidon；　ingrafted　himself　into　the　kindred　of　Herod；　by
the　resemblance　of　his　countenance；　which　those　that　saw　him
attested　to　be　that　of　Alexander；　the　son　of　Herod；　whom　he　had
slain；　and　this　was　an　incitement　to　him　to　endeavor　to　obtain
the　government；　so　he　took　to　him　as　an　assistant　a　man　of　his
own　country；　（one　that　was　well　acquainted　with　the　affairs　of
the　palace；　but；　on　other　accounts；　an　ill　man；　and　one　whose
nature　made　him　capable　of　causing　great　disturbances　to　the
public；　and　one　that　became　a　teacher　of　such　a　mischievous
contrivance　to　the　other；）　and　declared　himself　to　be　Alexander；
and　the　son　of　Herod；　but　stolen　away。　by　one　of　those　that　were
sent　to　slay　him；　who；　in　reality；　slew　other　men；　in　order　to
deceive　the　spectators；　but　saved　both　him　and　his　brother
Aristobulus。　Thus　was　this　man　elated；　and　able　to　impose　on
those　that　came　to　him；　and　when　he　was　come　to　Crete；　he　made
all　the　Jews　that　came　to　discourse　with　him　believe　him　＇to　be
Alexander＇。　And　when　he　had　gotten　much　money　which　had　been
presented　to　him　there；　he　passed　over　to　Melos；　where　he　got
much　more　money　than　he　had　before；　out　of　the　belief　they　had
that　he　was　of　the　royal　family；　and　their　hopes　that　he　would
recover　his　father's　principality；　and　reward　his　benefactors；　so
he　made　haste　to　Rome；　and　was　conducted　thither　by　those
strangers　who　entertained　him。　He　was　also　so　fortunate；　as；　upon
his　landing　at　Dicearchia；　to　bring　the　Jews　that　were　there　into
the　same　delusion；　and　not　only　other　people；　but　also　all　those
that　had　been　great　with　Herod；　or　had　a　kindness　for　him；　joined
themselves　to　this　man　as　to　their　king。　The　cause　of　it　was
this；　that　men　were　glad　of　his　pretenses；　which　were　seconded　by
the　likeness　of　his　countenance；　which　made　those　that　had　been
acquainted　with　Alexander　strongly　to　believe　that　he　was　no
other　but　the　very　same　person；　which　they　also　confirmed　to
others　by　oath；　insomuch　that　when　the　report　went　about　him　that
he　was　coming　to　Rome；　the　whole　multitude　of　the　Jews　that　were
there　went　out　to　meet　him；　ascribing　it　to　Divine　Providence
that　he　has　so　unexpectedly　escaped；　and　being　very　joyful　on
account　of　his　mother's　family。　And　when　he　was　come；　he　was
carried　in　a　royal　litter　through　the　streets；　and　all　the
ornaments　about　him　were　such　as　kings　are　adorned　withal；　and
this　was　at　the　expense　of　those　that　entertained　him。　The
multitude　also　flocked　about　him　greatly；　and　made　mighty
acclamations　to　him；　and　nothing　was　omitted　which　could　be
thought　suitable　to　such　as　had　been　so　unexpectedly　preserved。

2。　When　this　thing　was　told　Caesar；　he　did　not　believe　it；
because　Herod　was　not　easily　to　be　imposed　upon　in　such　affairs
as　were　of　great　concern　to　him；　yet；　having　some　suspicion　it
might　be　so；　he　sent　one　Celadus；　a　freed…man　of　his；　and　one
that　had　conversed　with　the　young　men　themselves；　and　bade　him
bring　Alexander　into　his　presence；　so　he　brought　him；　being　no
more　accurate　in　judging　about　him　than　the　rest　of　the
multitude。　Yet　did　not　he　deceive　Caesar；　for　although　there　was
a　resemblance　between　him　and　Alexander；　yet　was　it　not　so　exact
as　to　impose　on　such　as　were　prudent　in　discerning；　for　this
spurious　Alexander　had　his　hands　rough；　by　the　labors　he　had　been
put　to　and　instead　of　that　softness　of　body　which　the　other　had；
and　this　as　derived　from　his　delicate　and　generous　education；
this　man；　for　the　contrary　reason；　had　a　rugged　body。　When；
therefore；　Caesar　saw　how　the　master　and　the　scholar　agreed　in
this　lying　story；　and　in　a　bold　way　of　talking；　he　inquired　about
Aristobulus；　and　asked　what　became　of　him　who　（it　seems）　was
stolen　away　together　with　him；　and　for　what　reason　it　was　that　he
did　not　come　along　with　him；　and　endeavor　to　recover　that
dominion　which　was　due　to　his　high　birth　also。　And　when　he　said
that　he　had　been　left　in　the　isle　of　Crete；　for　fear　of　the
dangers　of　the　sea；　that；　in　case　any　accident　should　come　to
himself；　the　posterity　of　Mariamne　might　not　utterly　perish；　but
that　Aristobulus　might　survive；　and　punish　those　that　laid　such
treacherous　designs　against　them；　and　when　he　persevered　in　his
affirmations；　and　the　author　of　the　imposture　agreed　in
supporting　it；　Caesar　took　the　young　man　by　himself；　and　said　to
him；　〃If　thou　wilt　not　impose　upon　me；　thou　shalt　have　this　for
thy　reward；　that　thou　shalt　escape　with　thy　life；　tell　me；　then；
who　thou　art；　and　who　it　was　that　had　boldness　enough　to　contrive
such　a　cheat　as　this。　For　this　contrivance　is　too　considerable　a
piece　of　villainy　to　be　undertaken　by　one　of　thy　age。〃
Accordingly；　because　he　had　no　other　way　to　take；　he　told　Caesar
the　contrivance；　and　after　what　manner　and　by　whom　it　was　laid
together。　So　Caesar；　upon　observing　the　spurious　Alexander　to　be
a　strong　active　man；　and　fit　to　work　with　his　hands；　that　he
might　not　break　his　promise　to　him；　put　him　among　those　that　were
to　row　among　the　mariners；　but　slew　him　that　induced　him　to　do
what　he　had　done；　for　as　for　the　people　of　Melos；　he　thought　them
sufficiently　punished；　in　having　thrown　away　so　much　of　their
money　upon　this　spurious　Alexander。　And　such　was　the　ignominious
conclusion　of　this　bold　contrivance　about　the　spurious　Alexander。

CHAPTER　13。

How　Archelaus　Upon　A　Secon