the antiquities of the jews-1-第206章

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conclusion　of　this　bold　contrivance　about　the　spurious　Alexander。

CHAPTER　13。

How　Archelaus　Upon　A　Second　Accusation；　Was　Banished　To　Vienna。

1。　When　Archelaus　was　entered　on　his　ethnarchy；　and　was　come　into
Judea；　he　accused　Joazar；　the　son　of　Boethus；　of　assisting　the
seditious；　and　took　away　the　high　priesthood　from　him；　and　put
Eleazar　his　brother　in　his　place。　He　also　magnificently　rebuilt
the　royal　palace　that　had　been　at　Jericho；　and　he　diverted　half
the　water　with　which　the　village　of　Neara　used　to　be　watered；　and
drew　off　that　water　into　the　plain；　to　water　those　palm　trees
which　he　had　there　planted：　he　also　built　a　village；　and　put　his
own　name　upon　it；　and　called　it　Archelais。　Moreover；　he
transgressed　the　law　of　our　fathers　（23）　and　married　Glaphyra；
the　daughter　of　Archelaus；　who　had　been　the　wife　of　his　brother
Alexander；　which　Alexander　had　three　children　by　her；　while　it
was　a　thing　detestable　among　the　Jews　to　marry　the　brother's
wife。　Nor　did　this　Eleazar　abide　long　in　the　high　priesthood；
Jesus；　the　son　of　Sie；　being　put　in　his　room　while　he　was　still
living。

2。　But　in　the　tenth　year　of　Archelaus's　government；　both　his
brethren；　and　the　principal　men　of　Judea　and　Samaria；　not　being
able　to　bear　his　barbarous　and　tyrannical　usage　of　them；　accused
him　before　Caesar；　and　that　especially　because　they　knew　he　had
broken　the　commands　of　Caesar；　which　obliged　him　to　behave
himself　with　moderation　among　them。　Whereupon　Caesar；　when　he
heard　it；　was　very　angry；　and　called　for　Archelaus's　steward；　who
took　care　of　his　affairs　at　Rome；　and　whose　name　was　Archelaus
also；　and　thinking　it　beneath　him　to　write　to　Archelaus；　he　bid
him　sail　away　as　soon　as　possible；　and　bring　him　to　us：　so　the
man　made　haste　in　his　voyage；　and　when　he　came　into　Judea；　he
found　Archelaus　feasting　with　his　friends；　so　he　told　him　what
Caesar　had　sent　him　about；　and　hastened　him　away。　And　when　he　was
come　＇to　Rome＇；　Caesar；　upon　hearing　what　certain　accusers　of　his
had　to　say；　and　what　reply　he　could　make；　both　banished　him；　and
appointed　Vienna；　a　city　of　Gaul；　to　be　the　place　of　his
habitation；　and　took　his　money　away　from　him。

3。　Now；　before　Archelaus　was　gone　up　to　Rome　upon　this　message；
he　related　this　dream　to　his　friends：　That　he　saw　ears　of　corn；
in　number　ten；　full　of　wheat；　perfectly　ripe；　which　ears；　as　it
seemed　to　him；　were　devoured　by　oxen。　And　when　he　was　awake　and
gotten　up；　because　the　vision　appeared　to　beof　great　importance
to　him；　he　sent　for　the　diviners；　whose　study　was　employed　about
dreams。　And　while　some　were　of　one　opinion；　and　some　of　another；
（for　all　their　interpretations　did　not　agree；）　Simon；　a　man　of
the　sect　of　the　Essens；　desired　leave　to　speak　his　mind　freely；
and　said　that　the　vision　denoted　a　change　in　the　affairs　of
Archelaus；　and　that　not　for　the　better；　that　oxen；　because　that
animal　takes　uneasy　pains　in　his　labors；　denoted　afflictions；　and
indeed　denoted；　further；　a　change　of　affairs；　because　that　land
which　is　ploughed　by　oxen　cannot　remain　in　its　former　state；　and
that　the　ears　of　corn　being　ten；　determined　the　like　number　of
years；　because　an　ear　of　corn　grows　in　one　year；　and　that　the
time　of　Archelaus's　government　was　over。　And　thus　did　this　man
expound　the　dream。　Now　on　the　fifth　day　after　this　dream　came
first　to　Archelaus；　the　other　Archelaus；　that　was　sent　to　Judea
by　Caesar　to　call　him　away；　came　hither　also。

4。　The　like　accident　befell　Glaphyra　his　wife；　who　was　the
daughter　of　king　Archelaus；　who；　as　I　said　before；　was　married；
while　she　was　a　virgin；　to　Alexander；　the　son　of　Herod；　and
brother　of　Archelaus；　but　since　it　fell　out　so　that　Alexander　was
slain　by　his　father；　she　was　married　to　Juba；　the　king　of　Lybia；
and　when　he　was　dead；　and　she　lived　in　widowhood　in　Cappadocia
with　her　father；　Archclaus　divorced　his　former　wife　Mariamne；　and
married　her；　so　great　was　his　affection　for　this　Glphyra；　who；
during　her　marriage　to　him；　saw　the　following　dream：　She　thought
she　saw　Alexander　standing　by　her；　at　which　she　rejoiced；　and
embraced　him　with　great　affection；　but　that　he　complained　o　her；
and　said；　O　Glaphyra！　thou　provest　that　saying　to　be　true；　which
assures　us　that　women　are　not　to　be　trusted。　Didst　not　thou
pledge　thy　faith　to　me？　and　wast　not　thou　married　to　me　when　thou
wast　a　virgin？　and　had　we　not　children　between　us？　Yet　hast　thou
forgotten　the　affection　I　bare　to　thee；　out　of　a　desire　of　a
second　husband。　Nor　hast　thou　been　satisfied　with　that　injury
thou　didst　me；　but　thou　hast　been　so　bold　as　to　procure　thee　a
third　husband　to　lie　by　thee；　and　in　an　indecent　and　imprudent
manner　hast　entered　into　my　house；　and　hast　been　married　to
Archelaus；　thy　husband　and　my　brother。　However；　I　will　not　forget
thy　former　kind　affection　for　me；　but　will　set　thee　free　from
every　such　reproachful　action；　and　cause　thee　to　be　mine　again；
as　thou　once　wast。　When　she　had　related　this　to　her　female
companions；　in　a　few　days'　time　she　departed　this　life。

5。　Now　I　did　not　think　these　histories　improper　for　the　present
discourse；　both　because　my　discourse　now　is　concerning　kings；　and
otherwise　also　on　account　of　the　advantage　hence　to　be　drawn；　as
well　for　the　confirmation　of　the　immortality　of　the　soul；　as　of
the　providence　of　God　over　human　affairs；　I　thought　them　fit　to
be　set　down；　but　if　any　one　does　not　believe　such　relations；　let
him　indeed　enjoy　his　own　opinion；　but　let　him　not　hinder　another
that　would　thereby　encourage　himself　in　virtue。　So　Archelaus's
country　was　laid　to　the　province　of　Syria；　and　Cyrenius；　one　that
had　been　consul；　was　sent　by　Caesar　to　take　account　of　people's
effects　in　Syria；　and　to　sell　the　house　of　Archelaus。

BOOK　XVIII。

Containing　The　Interval　Of　Thirty…Two　Years。

From　The　Banishment　Of　Archelus　To　The　Departure　　From　Babylon。

CHAPTER　1。

How　Cyrenius　Was　Sent　By　Caesar　To　Make　A　Taxation　Of　Syria　And
Judea；　And　How　Coponius　Was　Sent　To　Be　Procurator　Of　Judea；
Concerning　Judas　Of　Galilee　And　Concerning　The　Sects　That　Were
Among　The　Jews。

1。　Now　Cyrenius；　a　Roman　senator；　and　one　who　had　gone　through
other　magistracies；　and　had　passed　through　them　till　he　had　been
consul；　and　one　who；　on　other　accounts；　was　of　great　dignity；
came　at　this　time　into　Syria；　with　a　few　others；　being　sent　by
Caesar　to　he　a　judge　of　that　nation；　and　to　take　an　account　of
their　substance。　Coponius　also；　a　man　of　the　equestrian　order；
was　sent　together　with　him；　to　have　the　supreme　power　over　the
Jews。　Moreover；　Cyrenius　came　himself　into　Judea；　which　was　now
added　to　the　province　of　Syria；　to　take　an　account　of　their
substance；　and　to　dispose　of　Archelaus's　money；　but　the　Jews；
although　at　the　beginning　they　took　the　report　of　a　taxation
heinously；　yet　did　they　leave　off　any　further　opposition　to　it；
by　the　persuasion　of　Joazar；　who　was　the　son　of　Beethus；　and　high
priest；　so　they；　being　over…pesuaded　by　Joazar's　words；　gave　an
account　of　their　estates；　without　any　dispute　about　it。　Yet　was
there　one　Judas；　a　Gaulonite；　（1）　of　a　city　whose　name　was
Gamala；　who；　taking　with　him　Sadduc；　（2）　a　Pharisee；　became
zealous　to　draw　them　to　a　revolt；　who　both　said　that　this
taxation　was　no　better　than　an　introduction　to　slavery；　and
exhorted　the　nation　to　assert　their　liberty；　as　if　they　could
procure　them　happiness　and　security　for　what　they　possessed；　and
an　assured　enjoyment　of　a　still　greater　good；　which　was　that　of
the　honor　and　glory　they　would　thereby　acquire　for　magnanimity。
They　also　said　that　God　would　not　otherwise　be　assisting　to　them；
than　upon　their　joining　with　one　another　in　such　councils　as
might　be　successful；　and　for　their　own　advantage；　and　this
especially；　if　they　would　set　about　great　exploits；　and　not　grow
weary　in　executing　the　same；　so　men　received　what　they　said　with
pleasure；　and　this　bold　attempt　proceeded　to　a　great　height。　All
sorts　of　misfortunes　also　sprang　from　these　men；　and　the　nation
was　infected　with　this　doctrine　to　an　incredible　degree；　one
violent　war　came　upon　us　after　another；　and　we　lost　our　friends
which　used　to　alleviate　our　pains；　there　were　also　very　great
robberies　and　murder　of　our　principal　men。　This　was　done　in
pretense　indeed　for　the　public　welfare；　but　in　reality　for　the
hopes　of　gain　to　themselves；　whence　arose　seditions；　and　from
them　murders　of　men；　which　sometimes　fell　on　those　of　their　own
people；　（by　the　madness　of　these　men　towards　one　another；　while
their　desire　was　that　none　of　the　adverse　party　might　be　left；）
and　sometimes　on　their　enemies；　a　famine　also　coming　upon　us；
reduced　us　to　the　last　degree　of　despair；　as　did　also　the　taking
and　demolishing　of　cities；　nay；　the　sedition　at　last　increased　so
high；　that　the　very　temple　of　God　was　burnt　down　by　their
enemies'　fire。　Such　were　the　consequences　of　this；　that　the
customs　of　our　fathers　were　altered；　and　such　a　change　was　made；
as　added　a　mighty　weight　toward　bringing　all　to　destruction；
which　these　men　occasioned　by　their　thus　conspiring　together；　for
Judas　and　Sadduc；　who　excited　a　fourth　philosophic　sect　among　us；
and　had　a　great　many　followers　therein；　filled　our　civil
government　with　tumults　at　present；　and　laid　the　foundations　of
our　future　miseries；　by　this　system　of　philosophy；　which　we　were
before　unacquainted　withal；　concerning　which　I　will　discourse　a
little；　and　this　the　rather　because　the　infection　which　spread
thence　among　the　younger　sort；　who　were　zealous　for　it；　brought
the　public　to　destruction。

2。　The　Jews　had　for　a　great　while　had　three　sects　of　philosophy
peculiar　to　themselves；　the　sect　of　the　Essens；　and　the　sect　of
the　Sadducees；　and　the　third　sort　of　opinions　was　that　of　those
called　Pharisees；　of　which　sects；　although　I　have　already　spoken
in　the　second　book　of　the　Jewish　War；　yet　will　I　a　little　touch
upon　them　now。

3。　Now；　for　the　Pharisees；　they　live　meanly；　and　despise
delicacies　in　diet；　and　they　follow　the　conduct　of　reason；　and
what　that　prescribes　to　them　as　good　for　them　they　do；　and　they
think　they　ought　earnestly　to　strive　to　observe　reason's　dictates
for　practice。　They　also　pay　a　respect　to　such　as　are　in　years；
nor　are　they　so　bold　as　to　contradict　them　in　any　thing　which
they　have　introduced；　and　when　they　determine　that　all　things　are
done　by　fate；　they　do　not　take　away　the　freedom　from　men　of
acting　as　they　think　fit；　since　their　notion　is；　that　it　hath
pleased　God　to　make　a　temperament；　whereby　what　he　wills　is　done；
but　so　that　the　will　of　man　can　act　virtuously　or　viciously。　They
also　believe　that　souls　have　an　immortal　rigor　in　them；　and　that
under　the　earth　there　will　be　rewards　or　punishments；　according
as　they　have　lived　virtuously　or　viciously　in　this　life；　and　the
latter　are　to　be　detained　in　an　everlasting　prison；　but　that　the
former　shall　have　power　to　revive　and　live　again；　on　account　of
which　doctrines　they　are　able　greatly　to　persuade　the　body　of　the
people；　and　whatsoever　they　do　about　Divine　worship；　prayers；　and
sacrifices；　they　perform　them　according　to　their　direction；
insomuch　that　the　cities　give　great　attestations　to　them　on
account　of　their　entire　virtuous　conduct；　both　in　the　actions　of
their　lives　and　their　discourses　also。

4。　Bu