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the compleat angler(換許寄畠)-及22嫗

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pickerel´weed�察�unless learned Gesner be much mistaken�察�for he says�察�this 

weed and other glutinous matter�察�with the help of the sun's heat�察�in some 

particular   months�察  �and   some   ponds�察  �apted   for   it   by   nature�察  �do   become 

Pikes。    But�察 �doubtless�察  �divers   Pikes   are  bred   after  this  manner�察  �or  are 

brought into some ponds some such Other ways as is past man's finding 

out�察�of which we have daily testimonies。 

     Sir Francis Bacon�察�in his History of Life and Death�察�observes the Pike 

to be the longest lived of any fresh´water fish�察�and yet he computes it to be 

not usually above forty years�察�and others think it to be not above ten years�此�

and yet Gesner mentions a Pike taken in Swedeland�察�in the year 1449�察�with 

a ring about his neck�察�declaring he was put into that pond by Frederick the 

Second�察�more than two hundred years before he was last taken�察�as by the 

inscription in that ring�察�being Greek�察�was interpreted by the then Bishop of 

Worms。 But of this no more�察�but that it is observed�察�that the old or very 

great   Pikes   have   in   them   more   of   state   than   goodness�察  �the   smaller   or 

middle´sized Pikes being�察�by the most and choicest palates�察�observed to be 

the best meat�此�and�察�contrary�察�the Eel is observed to be the better for age 

and bigness。 

    All Pikes that live long prove chargeable to their keepers�察�because their 

life is maintained by the death of so many other fish�察�even those of their 

own kind�察�which has made him by some writers to be called the tyrant of 

the   rivers�察  �or  the  fresh´water     wolf�察  �by  reason    of  his   bold�察 �greedy�察�

devouring�察�disposition�察�which is so keen�察�as Gesner relates�察�A man going 

to a pond�察�where it seems a Pike had devoured all the fish�察�to water his 



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mule�察�had a Pike bit his mule by the lips�察�to which the Pike hung so fast�察�

that the mule drew him out of the water�察�and by that accident�察�the owner of 

the mule angled out the Pike。 And the same Gesner observes�察�that a maid 

in Poland had a Pike bit her by the foot�察�as she was washing clothes in a 

pond。 And I have heard the like of a woman in Killingworth pond�察�not far 

from   Coventry。   But   I   have   been   assured   by   my   friend   Mr。   Segrave�察  �of 

whom I spake to you formerly�察�that keeps tame Otters�察�that he hath known 

a Pike�察�in extreme hunger�察�fight with one of his Otters for a Carp that the 

Otter had caught�察�and was then bringing out of the water。 I have told you 

who relate these things�察�and tell you they are persons of credit�察�and shall 

conclude this observation�察�by telling you�察�what a wise man has observed�察 ─�

It is a hard thing to persuade the belly�察�because it has no ears ;。 

     But if   these  relations   be  disbelieved�察 �it is   too evident   to be   doubted�察�

that a Pike will devour a fish of his own kind that shall be bigger than his 

belly or throat will receive�察�and swallow a part of him�察�and let the other 

part   remain   in   his   mouth   till   the   swallowed   part   be   digested�察  �and   then 

swallow that other part that was in his mouth�察�and so put it over by degrees�察�

which is not unlike the Ox�察�and some other beasts taking their meat�察�not 

out of their mouth immediately into their belly�察�but first into some place 

betwixt�察  �and   then   chew   it�察  �or   digest   it   by   degrees   after�察  �which   is   called 

chewing the cud。 And�察�doubtless�察�Pikes will bite when they are not hungry�察�

but�察�as some think�察�even for very anger�察�when a tempting bait comes near 

to them。 

     And   it   is   observed�察  �that   the   Pike   will   eat   venomous   things�察  �as   some 

kind of frogs are�察�and yet live without being harmed by them�察�for�察�as some 

say�察�he has in him a natural balsam�察�or antidote against all poison。 And he 

has a strange heat�察�that though it appear to us to be cold�察�can yet digest or 

put over any fish´flesh�察�by degrees�察�without being sick。 And others observe�察�

that he never eats the venomous frog till he have first killed her�察�and then 

as   ducks   are   observed   to   do   to   frogs   in   spawning´   time�察  �at   which   time 

some frogs   are observed   to   be  venomous�察 �so thoroughly  washed   her�察 �by 

tumbling her up and down in the water�察�that he may devour her without 

danger。     And    Gesner    affirms�察  �that   a  Polonian    gentleman      did   faithfully 

assure him�察�he had seen two young geese at one time in the belly of a Pike。 



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And doubtless a Pike in his height of hunger will bite at and devour a dog 

that swims in a pond�察�and there have been examples of it�察�or the like�察�for 

as I told you�察 ─�The belly has no ears when hunger comes upon it ; 

     The Pike is also observed to be a solitary�察�melancholy�察�and a bold fish�察�

melancholy�察  �because   he   always   swims   or   rests   himself   alone�察  �and   never 

swims in shoals or with company�察�as Roach and Dace�察�and most other fish 

do�此  �and   bold�察  �because   he   fears   not   a   shadow�察  �or   to   see   or   be   seen   of 

anybody�察�as the Trout and Chub�察�and all other fish do。 

     And it is observed by Gesner�察�that the jaw´bones�察�and hearts�察�and galls 

of   Pikes�察  �are   very   medicinable   for   several   diseases�察  �or   to   stop   blood�察  �to 

abate fevers�察�to cure agues�察�to oppose or expel the infection of the plague�察�

and to be many ways medicinable and useful for the good of mankind�此�but 

he observes�察�that the biting of a Pike is venomous�察�and hard to be cured。 

     And it is observed�察�that the Pike is a fish that breeds but once a year�察�

and that other fish�察�as namely Loaches�察�do breed oftener�此�as we are certain 

tame Pigeons do almost every month�察�and yet the Hawk�察�a bird of prey�察�as 

the Pike is a fish�察�breeds but once in twelve months。 And you are to note�察�

that    his  time   of   breeding�察   �or  spawning�察     �is  usually    about   the   end   of 

February�察 �or�察  �somewhat   later�察  �in   March�察  �as   the   weather   proves   colder   or 

warmer�此�and to note�察�that his manner of breeding is thus�此�a he and a she 

Pike will usually go together out of a river into some ditch or creek�察�and 

that there the spawner casts her eggs�察�and the melter hovers over her all 

that time that she is casting her spawn�察�but touches her not。 

     I might say  more of this�察�but it might be thought curiosity or worse�察�

and shall therefore forbear it�察�and take up so much of your attention as to 

tell you that the best of Pikes are noted to be in rivers�察�next�察�those in great 

ponds or meres�察�and the worst�察�in small ponds。 

     But   before   I   proceed   further�察  �I   am   to   tell   you�察  �that   there   is   a   great 

antipathy   betwixt   the   Pike   and   some   frogs�此  �and   this   may   appear   to   the 

reader of Dubravius�察�a bishop in Bohemia�察�who�察�in his book Of Fish and 

Fish´ponds�察�relates what he says he saw with his own eyes�察�and could not 

forbear to tell the reader。 Which was�此�

     ;As    he   and   the   bishop    Thurzo    were    walking     by   a  large   pond    in 

Bohemia�察�they saw a frog�察�when the Pike lay very sleepily and quiet by the 



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shore side�察�leap upon   his head�察�and the  frog having expressed malice  or 

anger by his sworn cheeks and staring eyes�察�did stretch out his legs and 

embrace the Pike's head�察�and presently reached them to his eyes�察�tearing 

with them�察�and his teeth�察�those tender parts�此�the Pike�察�moved with anguish�察�

moves      up  and   down     the  water�察  �and   rubs   himself    against   weeds�察   �and 

whatever he thought might quit him of his enemy�察�but all in vain�察�for the 

frog did continue to ride triumphantly�察�and to bite and torment the Pike till 

his strength failed�察�and then the frog sunk with the Pike to the bottom of 

the water�此�then presently the frog appeared again at the top�察�and croaked�察�

and seemed to rejoice like a conqueror�察�after which he presently retired to 

his secret hole。 The bishop�察�that had beheld the battle�察�called his fisherman 

to fetch his nets�察�and by all means to get the Pike that they might declare 

what had happened�此�and the Pike was drawn forth�察�and both his eyes eaten 

out�察�at which when they began to wonder�察�the fisherman wished them to 

forbear�察�and assured them he was certain that Pikes were often so served。; 

     I   told   this�察  �which   is   to   be   read   in   the   sixth   chapter   of   the   book   of 

Dubravius�察�unto a friend�察�who replied�察 ─�It was as improbable as to have 

the mouse scratch out the cat's eyes;。 But he did not consider�察�that there be 

Fishing frogs�察�which the Dalmatians call the Water´devil�察�of which I might 

tell you as wonderful a story�此�but I shall tell you that 'tis not to be doubted 

but that there be some frogs so fearful of the water´snake�察�that when they 

swim in a place in which they fear to meet with him they then get a reed 

across into their mouths�察�which if they two meet by accident�察�secures the 

frog   from   the   strength   and   malice   of   the   snake�察  �and   note�察  �that   the   frog 

usually swims the fastest of the two。 

     And let me tell you�察�that as there be water and land frogs�察�so there be 

land   and   water snakes。   Concerning   which   take this   observation�察 �that   the 

land´snake breeds and hatches her eggs�察�which become young snakes�察�in 

some old dunghill�察�or a like hot place�此�but the water´snake�察�which is not 

venomous�察�and as I have been assured by a great observer of such secrets�察�

does not hatch�察�but breed her young alive�察�which she does not then forsake�察�

but   bides   with   them�察  �and   in   case   of   danger   will   take   them   all   into   her 

mouth and swim away   from  any apprehended   danger�察  �and then   let them 

out again when she thinks all danger to be past�此�these be accidents that we 



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Anglers sometimes see�察�and often talk of。 

     But whither am I going �拭�I had almost lost myself�察�by remembering the 

discourse of Dubravius。 I will therefore stop here�察�and tell you�察�according 

to my promise�察�how to catch this Pike。 

     His feeding is usually of fish or frogs�察�and sometimes a weed of his 

own�察�called pickerel´weed�察�of which I told you some think Pikes are bred�察�

for they have observed�察�that where none have been put into ponds�察�yet they 

have   there   found   many�察  �and   that   there   has   been   plenty   of   that   weed   in 

those ponds�察�and        that that weed both breeds and feeds them�此�but whether 

those Pikes�察�so bred�察�will ever breed by gen

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