the compleat angler(換許寄畠)-及22嫗
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pickerel´weed�察�unless learned Gesner be much mistaken�察�for he says�察�this
weed and other glutinous matter�察�with the help of the sun's heat�察�in some
particular months�察 �and some ponds�察 �apted for it by nature�察 �do become
Pikes。 But�察 �doubtless�察 �divers Pikes are bred after this manner�察 �or are
brought into some ponds some such Other ways as is past man's finding
out�察�of which we have daily testimonies。
Sir Francis Bacon�察�in his History of Life and Death�察�observes the Pike
to be the longest lived of any fresh´water fish�察�and yet he computes it to be
not usually above forty years�察�and others think it to be not above ten years�此�
and yet Gesner mentions a Pike taken in Swedeland�察�in the year 1449�察�with
a ring about his neck�察�declaring he was put into that pond by Frederick the
Second�察�more than two hundred years before he was last taken�察�as by the
inscription in that ring�察�being Greek�察�was interpreted by the then Bishop of
Worms。 But of this no more�察�but that it is observed�察�that the old or very
great Pikes have in them more of state than goodness�察 �the smaller or
middle´sized Pikes being�察�by the most and choicest palates�察�observed to be
the best meat�此�and�察�contrary�察�the Eel is observed to be the better for age
and bigness。
All Pikes that live long prove chargeable to their keepers�察�because their
life is maintained by the death of so many other fish�察�even those of their
own kind�察�which has made him by some writers to be called the tyrant of
the rivers�察 �or the fresh´water wolf�察 �by reason of his bold�察 �greedy�察�
devouring�察�disposition�察�which is so keen�察�as Gesner relates�察�A man going
to a pond�察�where it seems a Pike had devoured all the fish�察�to water his
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mule�察�had a Pike bit his mule by the lips�察�to which the Pike hung so fast�察�
that the mule drew him out of the water�察�and by that accident�察�the owner of
the mule angled out the Pike。 And the same Gesner observes�察�that a maid
in Poland had a Pike bit her by the foot�察�as she was washing clothes in a
pond。 And I have heard the like of a woman in Killingworth pond�察�not far
from Coventry。 But I have been assured by my friend Mr。 Segrave�察 �of
whom I spake to you formerly�察�that keeps tame Otters�察�that he hath known
a Pike�察�in extreme hunger�察�fight with one of his Otters for a Carp that the
Otter had caught�察�and was then bringing out of the water。 I have told you
who relate these things�察�and tell you they are persons of credit�察�and shall
conclude this observation�察�by telling you�察�what a wise man has observed�察 ─�
It is a hard thing to persuade the belly�察�because it has no ears ;。
But if these relations be disbelieved�察 �it is too evident to be doubted�察�
that a Pike will devour a fish of his own kind that shall be bigger than his
belly or throat will receive�察�and swallow a part of him�察�and let the other
part remain in his mouth till the swallowed part be digested�察 �and then
swallow that other part that was in his mouth�察�and so put it over by degrees�察�
which is not unlike the Ox�察�and some other beasts taking their meat�察�not
out of their mouth immediately into their belly�察�but first into some place
betwixt�察 �and then chew it�察 �or digest it by degrees after�察 �which is called
chewing the cud。 And�察�doubtless�察�Pikes will bite when they are not hungry�察�
but�察�as some think�察�even for very anger�察�when a tempting bait comes near
to them。
And it is observed�察 �that the Pike will eat venomous things�察 �as some
kind of frogs are�察�and yet live without being harmed by them�察�for�察�as some
say�察�he has in him a natural balsam�察�or antidote against all poison。 And he
has a strange heat�察�that though it appear to us to be cold�察�can yet digest or
put over any fish´flesh�察�by degrees�察�without being sick。 And others observe�察�
that he never eats the venomous frog till he have first killed her�察�and then
as ducks are observed to do to frogs in spawning´ time�察 �at which time
some frogs are observed to be venomous�察 �so thoroughly washed her�察 �by
tumbling her up and down in the water�察�that he may devour her without
danger。 And Gesner affirms�察 �that a Polonian gentleman did faithfully
assure him�察�he had seen two young geese at one time in the belly of a Pike。
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And doubtless a Pike in his height of hunger will bite at and devour a dog
that swims in a pond�察�and there have been examples of it�察�or the like�察�for
as I told you�察 ─�The belly has no ears when hunger comes upon it ;
The Pike is also observed to be a solitary�察�melancholy�察�and a bold fish�察�
melancholy�察 �because he always swims or rests himself alone�察 �and never
swims in shoals or with company�察�as Roach and Dace�察�and most other fish
do�此 �and bold�察 �because he fears not a shadow�察 �or to see or be seen of
anybody�察�as the Trout and Chub�察�and all other fish do。
And it is observed by Gesner�察�that the jaw´bones�察�and hearts�察�and galls
of Pikes�察 �are very medicinable for several diseases�察 �or to stop blood�察 �to
abate fevers�察�to cure agues�察�to oppose or expel the infection of the plague�察�
and to be many ways medicinable and useful for the good of mankind�此�but
he observes�察�that the biting of a Pike is venomous�察�and hard to be cured。
And it is observed�察�that the Pike is a fish that breeds but once a year�察�
and that other fish�察�as namely Loaches�察�do breed oftener�此�as we are certain
tame Pigeons do almost every month�察�and yet the Hawk�察�a bird of prey�察�as
the Pike is a fish�察�breeds but once in twelve months。 And you are to note�察�
that his time of breeding�察 �or spawning�察 �is usually about the end of
February�察 �or�察 �somewhat later�察 �in March�察 �as the weather proves colder or
warmer�此�and to note�察�that his manner of breeding is thus�此�a he and a she
Pike will usually go together out of a river into some ditch or creek�察�and
that there the spawner casts her eggs�察�and the melter hovers over her all
that time that she is casting her spawn�察�but touches her not。
I might say more of this�察�but it might be thought curiosity or worse�察�
and shall therefore forbear it�察�and take up so much of your attention as to
tell you that the best of Pikes are noted to be in rivers�察�next�察�those in great
ponds or meres�察�and the worst�察�in small ponds。
But before I proceed further�察 �I am to tell you�察 �that there is a great
antipathy betwixt the Pike and some frogs�此 �and this may appear to the
reader of Dubravius�察�a bishop in Bohemia�察�who�察�in his book Of Fish and
Fish´ponds�察�relates what he says he saw with his own eyes�察�and could not
forbear to tell the reader。 Which was�此�
;As he and the bishop Thurzo were walking by a large pond in
Bohemia�察�they saw a frog�察�when the Pike lay very sleepily and quiet by the
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shore side�察�leap upon his head�察�and the frog having expressed malice or
anger by his sworn cheeks and staring eyes�察�did stretch out his legs and
embrace the Pike's head�察�and presently reached them to his eyes�察�tearing
with them�察�and his teeth�察�those tender parts�此�the Pike�察�moved with anguish�察�
moves up and down the water�察 �and rubs himself against weeds�察 �and
whatever he thought might quit him of his enemy�察�but all in vain�察�for the
frog did continue to ride triumphantly�察�and to bite and torment the Pike till
his strength failed�察�and then the frog sunk with the Pike to the bottom of
the water�此�then presently the frog appeared again at the top�察�and croaked�察�
and seemed to rejoice like a conqueror�察�after which he presently retired to
his secret hole。 The bishop�察�that had beheld the battle�察�called his fisherman
to fetch his nets�察�and by all means to get the Pike that they might declare
what had happened�此�and the Pike was drawn forth�察�and both his eyes eaten
out�察�at which when they began to wonder�察�the fisherman wished them to
forbear�察�and assured them he was certain that Pikes were often so served。;
I told this�察 �which is to be read in the sixth chapter of the book of
Dubravius�察�unto a friend�察�who replied�察 ─�It was as improbable as to have
the mouse scratch out the cat's eyes;。 But he did not consider�察�that there be
Fishing frogs�察�which the Dalmatians call the Water´devil�察�of which I might
tell you as wonderful a story�此�but I shall tell you that 'tis not to be doubted
but that there be some frogs so fearful of the water´snake�察�that when they
swim in a place in which they fear to meet with him they then get a reed
across into their mouths�察�which if they two meet by accident�察�secures the
frog from the strength and malice of the snake�察 �and note�察 �that the frog
usually swims the fastest of the two。
And let me tell you�察�that as there be water and land frogs�察�so there be
land and water snakes。 Concerning which take this observation�察 �that the
land´snake breeds and hatches her eggs�察�which become young snakes�察�in
some old dunghill�察�or a like hot place�此�but the water´snake�察�which is not
venomous�察�and as I have been assured by a great observer of such secrets�察�
does not hatch�察�but breed her young alive�察�which she does not then forsake�察�
but bides with them�察 �and in case of danger will take them all into her
mouth and swim away from any apprehended danger�察 �and then let them
out again when she thinks all danger to be past�此�these be accidents that we
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Anglers sometimes see�察�and often talk of。
But whither am I going �拭�I had almost lost myself�察�by remembering the
discourse of Dubravius。 I will therefore stop here�察�and tell you�察�according
to my promise�察�how to catch this Pike。
His feeding is usually of fish or frogs�察�and sometimes a weed of his
own�察�called pickerel´weed�察�of which I told you some think Pikes are bred�察�
for they have observed�察�that where none have been put into ponds�察�yet they
have there found many�察 �and that there has been plenty of that weed in
those ponds�察�and that that weed both breeds and feeds them�此�but whether
those Pikes�察�so bred�察�will ever breed by gen