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the compleat angler(換許寄畠)-及23嫗

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those ponds�察�and        that that weed both breeds and feeds them�此�but whether 

those Pikes�察�so bred�察�will ever breed by generation as the others do�察�I shall 

leave   to   the   disquisitions   of   men   of   more   curiosity   and   leisure   than   I 

profess myself to have�此�and shall proceed to tell you�察�that you may fish for 

a Pike�察�either with a ledger or a walking´bait�察�and you are to note�察�that I 

call that a Ledger´bait�察�which is fixed or made to rest in one certain place 

when you shall be absent from it�察�and I call that a Walking´bait�察�which you 

take   with   you�察  �and   have   ever   in   motion。   Concerning   which   two�察  �I   shall 

give   you   this   direction�察  �that   your   ledger´   bait   is   best   to   be   a   living   bait 

��though a dead one may catch���察�whether it be a fish or a frog�此�and that you 

may  make   them  live   the   longer�察 �you may�察 �or   indeed   you   must�察�take this 

course�此�

     First�察�for your LIVE´BAIT。 Of fish�察�a roach or dace is�察�I think�察�best and 

most tempting�察�and a perch is the longest lived on a hook�察�and having cut 

off his fin on his back�察�which may be done without hurting him�察�you must 

take your knife�察�which cannot be too sharp�察�and betwixt the head and the 

fin on the back�察�cut or make an incision�察�or such a scar�察�as you may put the 

arming´wire of your hook into it�察�with as little bruising or hurting the fish 

as art and diligence will enable you to do�察�and so carrying your arming´ 

wire along his back�察�unto or near the tail of your fish�察�betwixt the skin and 

the body of it�察�draw out that wire or arming of your hook at another scar 

near to his �此�the then tie him about it with thread�察�but no harder than of 

necessity�察�to prevent hurting the fish�察�and the better to avoid hurting the 

fish�察  �some    have   a   kind   of   probe  to  open   the   way   for   the   more   easy 

entrance and passage of your wire or arming�此�but as for these�察�time and a 

little experience will teach you better than I can by words。 Therefore I will 



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for   the   present   say   no   more   of   this�察  �but   come   next   to   give   you   some 

directions how to bait your hook with a frog。 

     Venator。 But�察�good master�察�did you not say even now�察�that some frogs 

were venomous�察�and is it not dangerous to touch them �拭�

     Piscator。 Yes�察  �but   I   will   give   you   some   rules   or   cautions   concerning 

them。 And first you are to note�察�that there are two kinds of frogs�察�that is to 

say�察  �if   I   may   so   express   myself�察  �a   flesh   and   fish   frog。   By   flesh´frogs�察  �I 

mean frogs that breed and live on the land�察�and of these there be several 

sorts   also�察  �and   of   several   colours�察  �some   being   speckled�察  �some   greenish�察�

some   blackish�察  �or   brown�此  �the   green   frog�察  �which   is   a   small   one�察  �is�察  �by 

Topsel�察  �taken   to   be   venomous�察  �and   so   is   the   paddock�察  �or   frog´paddock�察�

which usually keeps or breeds on the land�察�and is very large and bony�察�and 

big�察  �especially  the   she´frog   of   that   kind�此  �yet   these   will   sometimes   come 

into   the   water�察  �but   it   is   not   often�此  �and   the   land´frogs   are   some   of   them 

observed by him�察�to breed by laying eggs�察�and others to breed of the slime 

and dust of the earth�察�and that in winter they turn to slime again�察�and that 

the next summer that very slime returns to be a living creature�察�this is the 

opinion of Pliny。 And Cardanus undertakes to give a reason for the raining 

of frogs�此�but if it were in my power�察�it should rain none but water´frogs�察�

for those I think are not venomous�察�especially the right water´frog�察�which�察�

about February or March�察�breeds in ditches�察�by slime�察�and blackish eggs in 

that    slime�此  �about    which     time    of  breeding�察    �the   he   and   she   frogs    are 

observed   to   use   divers   summersaults�察  �and   to   croak   and   make   a   noise�察�

which the land´frog�察�or paddock´frog�察�never does。 

     Now of these water´frogs�察�if you intend to fish with a frog for a Pike�察�

you   are   to   choose   the   yellowest   that   you   can   get�察  �for   that   the   Pike   ever 

likes best。 And thus use your frog�察�that he may continue long alive�此�

     Put   your   hook   into   his   mouth�察  �which   you   may   easily   do   from   the 

middle of April till August�察  �and then the frog's   mouth grows up�察�and he 

continues so for at least six months without eating�察�but is sustained�察�none 

but He whose name is Wonderful knows how�此�I say�察�put your hook�察�I mean 

the arming´wire�察�through his mouth�察�and out at his gills�察�and then with a 

fine needle and silk sew the upper part of his leg�察�with only one stitch�察�to 

the arming´wire of your hook�察�or tie the frog's leg�察�above the upper joint�察�



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to the armed´wire�察�and�察�in so doing�察�use him as though you loved him�察�that 

is�察�harm him as little as you may possibly�察�that he may live the longer。 

     And now�察�having given you this direction for the baiting your ledger´ 

hook with a live fish or frog�察�my next must be to tell you�察�how your hook 

thus baited must or may be used�察�and it is thus�此�having fastened your hook 

to   a   line�察  �which   if   it   be   not   fourteen   yards   long   should   not   be   less   than 

twelve�察�you are to fasten that line to any bough near to a hole where a Pike 

is�察�or is likely to lie�察�or to have a haunt�察�and then wind your line on any 

forked stick�察�all your line�察�except half a yard of it or rather more�察�and split 

that forked stick�察�with such a nick or notch at one end of it as may keep the 

line from any more of it ravelling from about the stick than so much of it 

as you intend。 And choose your forked stick to be of that bigness as may 

keep the fish or frog from pulling the forked stick under the water till the 

Pike  bites�察  �and   then   the   Pike having   pulled   the line   forth   of  the  cleft   or 

nick of that stick in which it was gently fastened�察�he will have line enough 

to go to his hold and pouch the bait And if you would have this ledger´bait 

to keep at a fixt place undisturbed by wind or other accidents which may 

drive it to the shore´ side�察�for you are to note�察�that it is likeliest to catch a 

Pike in the midst of the water�察�then hang a small plummet of lead�察�a stone�察�

or piece of   tile�察  �or   a turf�察  �in   a   string�察  �and   cast it into the   water   with   the 

forked stick to hang upon the ground�察�to be a kind of anchor to keep the 

forked stick from  moving out of your intended place till the Pike   come�此�

this I take to be a very good way to use so many ledger´baits as you intend 

to make trial o* 

     Or if you bait your hooks thus with live fish or frogs�察�and in a windy 

day�察�fasten them thus to a bough or bundle of straw�察�and by the help of that 

wind can get them to move across a pond or mere�察�you are like to stand 

still on the shore and see sport presently�察�if there be any store of Pikes。 Or 

these live baits may make sport�察�being tied about the body or wings of a 

goose or duck�察�and she chased over a pond。 And the like may be done with 

turning   three   or   four   live   baits�察  �thus   fastened   to   bladders�察  �or   boughs�察  �or 

bottles   of   hay   or   flags�察  �to   swim   down   a   river�察  �whilst   you   walk   quietly 

a��one on the shore�察�and are still in expectaion of sport。 The rest must be 

taught you by practice�察�for time will not allow me to say more of this kind 



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of fishing with live baits。 

     And for your DEAD´BAIT for a Pike�此�for that you may be taught by 

one day's going a´fishing with me�察�or any other body that fishes for him�察�

for the baiting your hook with a dead gudgeon or a roach�察�and moving it 

up and down the water�察�is too easy a thing to take up any time to direct 

you to do it。 And yet�察�because I cut you short in that�察�I will commute for it 

by telling you that that was told me for a secret�此�it is this�此�Dissolve gum of 

ivy in oil of spike�察�and therewith anoint your dead bait for a Pike�察�and then 

cast it into a likely place�察�and when it has lain a short time at the bottom�察�

draw it towards the top of the water�察�and so up the stream�察�and it is more 

than likely that you have a Pike follow with more than common eagerness。 

And some affirm�察�that any bait anointed with the marrow of the thigh´bone 

of a heron is a great temptation to any fish。 

     These have not been tried by me�察�but told me by a friend of note�察�that 

pretended to do me a courtesy。 But if this direction to catch a Pike thus do 

you no good�察�yet I am certain this direction how to roast him when he is 

caught is choicely good�察�for I have tried it�察�and it is somewhat the better 

for not being common。 But with my direction you must take this caution�察�

that your Pike must not be a small one�察�that is�察�it must be more than half a 

yard�察�and should be bigger。 

     ;First�察�open your Pike at the gills�察�and if need be�察�cut also a little slit 

towards the belly。 Out of these�察�take his guts�察�and keep his liver�察�which you 

are to shred very small�察�with thyme�察�sweet marjoram�察�and a little winter´ 

savoury�察�to these put   some   pickled   oysters�察 �and some   anchovies�察 �two   or 

three�察�both these last whole�察�for the anchovies will melt�察�and the oysters 

should not�察�to these�察�you must add also a pound of sweet butter�察�which you 

are to mix with the herbs that are shred�察�and let them all be well salted。 If 

the Pike be more than a yard long�察�then you may put into these herbs more 

than a pound�察�or if he be less�察�then less butter will suffice�此�These�察�being 

thus mixt�察�with a blade or two of mace�察�must be put into the Pike's belly�察�

and then his belly so sewed up as to keep all the butter in his belly if it be 

possible�察�if not�察�then as much of it as you possibly can。 But take not off the 

scales。 Then you are to thrust the spit through his mouth�察�out at his tail。 

And   then   take   four   or   five   or   six   split   sticks�察  �or   very   thin   laths�察  �and   a 



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convenient   quantity   of   tape   or   filleting�察  �these   laths   are   to   be   tied   round 

about the Pike's body�察�from his head to his tail�察�and the tape tied somewhat 

thick�察  �to   prevent   his   breaking   or   falling   off   from   the   spit。   Let   him   be 

roasted very leisurely�察�and often basted with claret wine�察�and anchovies�察�

and butter�察�mixt together�察�and also with what moisture falls from him into 

the pan。 When   yo

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