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the compleat angler(換許寄畠)-及21嫗

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a   height   beyond   common   belief。   Gesner   speaks   of   such   places   as   are 

known to be above eight feet high above water。 And our Camden mentions�察�

in his Britannia�察�the like wonder to be in Pembrokeshire�察�where the river 

Tivy falls into the sea�察�and that the fall is so downright�察�and so high�察�that 

the people stand and wonder at the strength and sleight by which they see 

the Salmon use to get out of the sea into the said river�察�and the manner and 

height of the place is so notable�察�that it is known�察�far�察�by the name of the 

Salmon´leap。   Concerning   which�察  �take   this   also   out   of   Michael   Drayton�察�

my honest old friend�察�as he tells it you�察�in his Polyolbion�此�

     And   when   the   Salmon   seeks   a   fresher   stream  to   find�察  。�Which   hither 

from the sea comes�察�yearly�察�by his kind�撮� As he towards season grows�察�and 

stems the watry tract Where Tivy�察�falling down�察�makes an high cataract�察�

Forc'd by the rising rocks that there her course oppose�察�As tho' within her 

bounds they meant her to inclose�察�Here when the labouring fish does at the 

foot arrive�察�And finds that by his strength he does but vainly strive�察�His tail 

takes in his mouth�察�and�察�bending like a bow That's to full compass drawn�察�

aloft himself doth throw�察�Then springing at his height�察�as doth a little wand 

That bended end to end�察�and started from man's hand�察�Far off itself doth 

cast�察  �so   does   that  Salmon     vault�察  �And    if�察 �at  first�察 �he  fail�察 �his  second 

summersault He instantly essays�察�and�察�from his nimble ring Still yerking�察�

never leaves until himself he fling Above the opposing stream。 

     This   Michael   Drayton   tells   you�察  �of   this   leap   or   summersault   of   the 



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Salmon。 

     And�察 �next�察 �I   shall   tell   you�察 �that   it is   observed  by  Gesner  and   others�察�

that there is no better Salmon than in England�察�and that though some of 

our northern counties   have as fat�察 �and as   large�察�as the  river Thames�察 �yet 

none are of so excellent a taste。 

     And as I have told you that Sir Francis Bacon observes�察�the age of a 

Salmon exceeds not ten years�察�so let me next tell you�察�that his growth is 

very sudden�此�it is said that after he is got into the sea�察�he becomes�察�from a 

Samlet not so big as a Gudgeon�察�to be a Salmon�察�in as short a time as a 

gosling becomes to be a goose。 Much of this has been observed�察�by tying a 

riband�察�or some known tape or thread�察�in the tail of some young Salmons 

which   have been   taken  in   weirs   as   they  have swimmed   towards   the   salt 

water�察�and then by taking a part of them again�察�with the known mark�察�at 

the   same   place�察  �at   their   return   from   the   sea�察  �which   is   usually   about   six 

months      after�察  �and   the   like   experiment      hath   been    tried   upon    young 

swallows�察�who have�察�after six months' absence�察�been observed to return to 

the    same    chimney�察    �there   to  make    their   nests   and   habitations     for  the 

summer following�察�which has inclined many to think�察�that every Salmon 

usually returns to the same river in which it was bred�察�as young pigeons 

taken out of the same dovecote have also been observed to do。 

     And   you   are   yet   to   observe   further�察  �that   the   He´salmon   is   usually 

bigger   than   the   Spawner�察  �and   that   he   is   more   kipper�察  �and   less   able   to 

endure a winter in the fresh water than the She is�此�yet she is�察�at that time of 

looking less kipper and better�察�as watry�察�and as bad meat。 

     And yet you are to observe�察�that as there is no general rule without an 

exception�察�so there are some few rivers in this nation that have Trouts and 

Salmon   in   season   in   winter�察  �as   'tis   certain   there   be   in   the   river   Wye   in 

Monmouthshire�察        �where     they   be  in  season�察   �as  Camden      observes�察    �from 

September   till April。   But�察  �my   scholar�察  �the   observation   of   this   and   many 

other things I must in manners omit�察�because they will prove too large for 

our   narrow   compass   of   time�察  �and�察  �therefore�察  �T   shall   next   fall   upon   my 

directions how to fish for this Salmon。 

     And�察�for that�此�First you shall observe�察�that usually he stays not long in 

a place�察�as Trouts will�察�but�察�as I said�察�covets still to go nearer the spring´ 



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head�此�and that he does not�察�as the Trout and many other fish�察�lie near the 

water´side or bank�察�or roots of trees�察�but swims in the deep and broad parts 

of the water�察�and usually in the middle�察�and near the ground�察�and that there 

you are to fish for him�察�and that he is to be caught�察�as the Trout is�察�with a 

worm�察�a minnow which some call a peek�察�or with a fly。 

     And you are to observe�察�that he is very seldom observed to bite at a 

minnow�察�yet sometimes he will�察�and not usually at a fly�察�but more usually 

at a worm�察�and then most usually at a lob or garden´worm�察�which should 

be well scoured�察�that is to say�察�kept seven or eight days in moss before you 

fish with them�此�and if you double your time of eight into sixteen�察�twenty�察�

or   more   days�察  �it   is   still   the   better�察  �for   the   worms   will   still   be   clearer�察�

tougher�察  �and   more   lively�察  �and   continue   so   longer   upon   your   hook。  And 

they   may   be   kept   longer   by   keeping   them   cool�察  �and   in   fresh   moss�察  �and 

some advise to put camphire into it。 

     Note also�察�that many used to fish for a Salmon with a ring of wire on 

the top of their rod�察�through which the line may run to as great a length as 

is needful�察�when he is hooked。 And to that end�察�some use a wheel about the 

middle of their rod�察�or near their hand�察�which is to be observed better by 

seeing one of them than by a large demonstration of words。 

     And now I shall tell you that which may be called a secret。 I have been 

a´fishing   with   old   Oliver   Henly�察  �now   with   God�察  �a   noted   fisher   both   for 

Trout and Salmon�察�and have observed�察�that he would usually take three or 

four  worms   out   of   his   bag�察 �and put   them  into  a  little   box   in   his   pocket�察�

where he would usually let them continue half an hour or more。 before he 

would bait his hook with them。 I have asked him his reason�察�and he has 

replied�察 ─�He did but pick the best out to be in readiness against he baited 

his   hook   the   next   time   ;�此  �but   he   has   been   observed�察  �both   by  others   and 

myself�察�to catch more fish than I�察�or any other body that has ever gone a´ 

fishing with him�察�could do�察�and especially Salmons。 And I have been told 

lately�察�by one of his most intimate and secret friends�察�that the box in which 

he put those worms was anointed with a drop�察�or two or three�察�of the oil of 

ivy´berries�察�made by expression or infusion�察�and told�察�that by the worms 

remaining in that box an hour�察�or a like time�察�they had incorporated a kind 

of smell that was irresistibly attractive�察�enough to force any fish within the 



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smell of them to bite。 This I heard not long since from a friend�察�but have 

not   tried   it�察  �yet   I   grant   it   probable�察  �and   refer   my   reader   to   Sir   Francis 

Bacon's Natural history�察�where he proves fishes may hear�察�and�察�doubtless�察�

can   more   probably   smell�此  �and   I   am   certain   Gesner   says�察  �the   Otter   can 

smell in the water�察�and I know not but that fish may do so too。 'Tis left for 

a   lover   of   angling�察  �or   any   that   desires   to   improve   that   art�察  �to   try   this 

conclusion。 

     I   shall   also   impart   two   other   experiments�察  �but   not   tried   by   myself�察�

which   I   will   deliver   in   the   same   words   that   they   were   given   me   by   an 

excellent angler and a very friend�察�in writing�此�he told me the latter was too 

good to be told�察�but in a learned language�察�lest it should be made common。 

     ;Take the   stinking oil drawn out   of polypody  of   the oak   by  a   retort�察�

mixed with turpentine and hive´honey�察�and anoint your bait therewith�察�and 

it will doubtless draw the fish to it。; The other is this�此 ─�Vulnera hederae 

grandissimae inflicta sudant balsamum oleo gelato�察�albicantique persimile�察�

odoris vero longe suavissimi;。 ;'Tis supremely sweet to any fish�察�and yet 

assa foetida may do the like。; 

     But in these I have no great faith�察�yet grant it probable�察�and have had 

from some chymical men�察�namely�察�from Sir George Hastings and others�察�

an   affirmation   of   them   to   be   very   advantageous。   But   no   more   of   these�察�

especially not in this place。 

     I might here�察�before I take my leave of the Salmon�察�tell you�察�that there 

is more than one sort of them�察�as namely�察�a Tecon�察�and another called in 

some places a Samlet�察�or by some a Skegger�察�but these�察�and others which I 

forbear   to   name�察  �may   be   fish   of   another   kind�察  �and   differ   as   we   know   a 

Herring and a Pilchard do�察�which�察�I think�察�are as different as the rivers in 

which they breed�察�and must�察�by me�察�be left to the disquisitions of men of 

more leisure�察�and of greater abilities than I profess myself to have。 

     And lastly�察�I am to borrow so much of your promised patience�察�as to 

tell   you�察  �that   the   trout�察  �or   Salmon�察  �being   in   season�察  �have�察  �at   their   first 

taking out of the water�察�which continues during life�察�their bodies adorned�察�

the   one   with   such   red   spots�察  �and   the   other   with   such   black   or   blackish 

spots�察  �as   give   them   such   an   addition   of   natural   beauty   as�察  �I   think�察  �was 

never given to any woman by the artificial paint or patches in which they 



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so much pride themselves in this age。 And so I shall leave them both�察�and 

proceed to some observations of the Pike。 



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               The fourth day ´ continued 



                                 On the     Luce or Pike 



                                    Chapter VIII 



                                 Piscator and Venator 

    Piscator。   The   mighty   Luce   or   Pike   is   taken   to   be   the   tyrant�察  �as   the 

Salmon is the king�察�of the fresh water。 'Tis not to be doubted�察�but that they 

are bred�察�some by generation�察�and some not�察�as namely�察�of a weed called 

pickerel´weed�察�unless learned Gesner be much 

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