the writings-6-第3章

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WASHINGTON；　May　25；　1862。　　2　P。M。



MAJOR…GENERAL　McCLELLAN：



The　enemy　is　moving　north　in　sufficient　force　to　drive　General　Banks

before　himprecisely　in　what　force　we　cannot　tell。　　He　is　also

threatening　Leesburg　and　Geary；　on　the　Manassas　Gap　railroad；　from

both　north　and　southin　precisely　what　force　we　cannot　tell。　　I

think　the　movement　is　a　general　and　concerted　one；　such　as　would　not

be　if　he　was　acting　upon　the　purpose　of　a　very　desperate　defense　of

Richmond。　　I　think　the　time　is　near　when　you　must　either　attack

Richmond　or　give　up　the　job　and　come　to　the　defense　of　Washington。

Let　me　hear　from　you　instantly。



A。　LINCOLN；　　President。









ORDER　TAKING　MILITARY　POSSESSION　OF　RAILROADS。

WAR　DEPARTMENT；　May　25；　1862。



Ordered：　By　virtue　of　the　authority　vested　by　act　of　Congress；　　the

President　takes　military　possession　of　all　the　railroads　in　the

United　States　from　and　after　this　date　until　further　order；　and

directs　that　the　respective　railroad　companies；　their　officers　and

servants；　shall　hold　themselves　in　readiness　for　the　transportation

of　such　troops　and　munitions　of　war　as　may　be　ordered　by　the　military

authorities；　to　the　exclusion　of　all　other　business。



By　order　of　the　Secretary　of　War。

M。　C。　MEIGS









TELEGRAM　TO　SECRETARY　CHASE。



WAR　DEPARTMENT；　May　25；　1862。



SECRETARY　CHASE；　Fredericksburg；　Virginia：



It　now　appears　that　Banks　got　safely　into　Winchester　last　night；　and

is　this　morning　retreating　on　Harper's　Ferry。　　This　justifies　the

inference　that　he　is　pressed　by　numbers　superior　to　his　own。　　I　think

it　not　improbable　that　Ewell；　Jackson；　and　Johnson　are　pouring

through　the　gap　they　made　day　before　yesterday　at　Front　Royal；　making

a　dash　northward。　　It　will　be　a　very　valuable　and　very　honorable

service　for　General　McDowell　to　cut　them　off。　　I　hope　he　will　put　all

possible　energy　and　speed　into　the　effort。



A。　LINCOLN。









TELEGRAM　TO　GENERAL　R。　SAXTON。



WAR　DEPARTMENT；　May　25；　1862。



GENERAL　SAXTON；　Harper's　Ferry：



If　Banks　reaches　Martinsburg；　is　he　any　the　better　for　it？　　Will　not

the　enemy　cut　him　from　thence　to　Harper's　Ferry？　　Have　you　sent

anything　to　meet　him　and　assist　him　at　Martinsburg？　　This　is　an

inquiry；　not　an　order。



A。　LINCOLN。









TELEGRAM　TO　GENERAL　R。　SAXTON。



WAR　DEPARTMENT；　May　25；　1862。　　6。30　P。M。



GENERAL　SAXTON；　Harper's　Ferry：



One　good　six…gun　battery；　complete　in　its　men　and　appointments；　is

now　on　its　way　to　you　from　Baltimore。　　Eleven　other　guns；　of

different　sorts；　are　on　their　way　to　you　from　here。　　Hope　they　will

all　reach　you　before　morning。　　As　you　have　but　2500　men　at　Harper's

Ferry；　where　are　the　rest　which　were　in　that　vicinity　and　which　we

have　sent　forward？　　Have　any　of　them　been　cut　off？



A。　LINCOLN。









TELEGRAM　TO　GENERAL　R。　SAXTON。



WAR　DEPARTMENT；　May　25；　1862。



GENERAL　SAXTON；　Harper's　Ferry：



I　fear　you　have　mistaken　me。　　I　did　not　mean　to　question　the

correctness　of　your　conduct；　on　the　contrary1　I　approve　what　you　have

done。　　As　the　2500　reported　by　you　seemed　small　to　me；　I　feared　some

had　got　to　Banks　and　been　cut　off　with　him。　　Please　tell　me　the　exact

number　you　now　have　in　hand。



A。　LINCOLN。









TELEGRAM　TO　GENERAL　G。　B。　McCLELLAN。

＇Sent　in　cipher。＇

WAR　DEPARTMENT；　WASHINGTON　CITY；　D。　C。；　May　25；1862。　　8。30　P。M。



MAJOR…GENERAL　McCLELLAN：



Your　despatch　received。　　General　Banks　was　at　Strasburg；　with　about

6；000　men；　Shields　having　been　taken　from　him　to　swell　a　column　for

McDowell　to　aid　you　at　Richmond；　and　the　rest　of　his　force　scattered

at　various　places。　　On　the　23d　a　rebel　force　of　7000　to　10；000　fell

upon　one　regiment　and　two　companies　guarding　the　bridge　at　Front

Royal；　destroying　it　entirely；　crossed　the　Shenandoah；　and　on　the

24th　（yesterday）　pushed　to　get　north　of　Banks；　on　the　road　to

Winchester。　　Banks　ran　a　race　with　them；　beating　them　into　Winchester

yesterday　evening。　　This　morning　a　battle　ensued　between　the　two

forces；　in　which　Banks　was　beaten　back　into　full　retreat　toward

Martinsburg；　and　probably　is　broken　up　into　a　total　rout。　　Geary；　on

the　Manassas　Gap　railroad；　just　now　reports　that　Jackson　is　now　near

Front　Royal；　With　10；000；　following　up　and　supporting；　as　I

understand；　the　forces　now　pursuing　Banks；　also　that　another　force　of

10；000　is　near　Orleans；　following　on　in　the　same　direction。　　Stripped

here；　as　we　are　here；　it　will　be　all　we　can　do　to　prevent　them

crossing　the　Potomac　at　Harper's　Ferry　or　above。　　We　have　about

20；000　of　McDowell's　force　moving　back　to　the　vicinity　of　Front

Royal；　and　General　Fremont；　who　was　at　Franklin；　is　moving　to

Harrisonburg；　both　these　movements　intended　to　get　in　the　enemy's

rear。



One　more　of　McDowell's　brigades　is　ordered　through　here　to　Harper's

Ferry；　the　rest　of　his　force　remains　for　the　present　at

Fredericksburg。　　We　are　sending　such　regiments　and　dribs　from　here

and　Baltimore　as　we　can　spare　to　Harper's　Ferry；　supplying　their

places　in　some　sort　by　calling　in　militia　from　the　adjacent　States。

We　also　have　eighteen　cannon　on　the　road　to　Harper's　Ferry；　of　which

arm　there　is　not　a　single　one　yet　at　that　point。　　This　is　now　our

situation。



If　McDowell's　force　was　now　beyond　our　reach；　we　should　be　utterly

helpless。　　Apprehension　of　something　like　this；　and　no　unwillingness

to　sustain　you；　has　always　been　my　reason　for　withholding　McDowell's

force　from　you。　　Please　understand　this；　and　do　the　best　you　can　with

the　force　you　have。



A。　LINCOLN。









HISTORY　OF　CONSPIRACY　OF　REBELLION



MESSAGE　TO　CONGRESS。



MAY　16；　1862



TO　THE　SENATE　AND　HOUSE　OF　REPRESENTATIVES：



The　insurrection　which　is　yet　existing　in　the　United　States　and　aims

at　the　overthrow　of　the　Federal　Constitution　and　the　Union；　was

clandestinely　prepared　during　the　Winter　of　1860　and　1861；　and

assumed　an　open　organization　in　the　form　of　a　treasonable　provisional

government　at　Montgomery；　in　Alabama　on　the　18th　day　of　February；

1861。　　On　the　12th　day　of　April；　1861；　the　insurgents　committed　the

flagrant　act　of　civil　war　by　the　bombardment　and　the　capture　of　Fort

Sumter；　Which　cut　off　the　hope　of　immediate　conciliation。

Immediately　afterward　all　the　roads　and　avenues　to　this　city　were

obstructed；　and　the　capital　was　put　into　the　condition　of　a　siege。

The　mails　in　every　direction　were　stopped　and　the　lines　of　telegraph

cut　off　by　the　insurgents；　and　military　and　naval　forces　which　had

been　called　out　by　the　government　for　the　defense　of　Washington　were

prevented　from　reaching　the　city　by　organized　and　combined

treasonable　resistance　in　the　State　of　Maryland。　　There　was　no

adequate　and　effective　organization　for　the　public　defense。　　Congress

had　indefinitely　adjourned。　　There　was　no　time　to　convene　them。　　It

became　necessary　for　me　to　choose　whether；　using　only　the　existing

means；　agencies；　and　processes　which　Congress　had　provided；　I　should

let　the　government　fall　at　once　into　ruin　or　whether；　availing　myself

of　the　broader　powers　conferred　by　the　Constitution　in　cases　of

insurrection；　I　would　make　an　effort　to　save　it；　with　all　its

blessings；　for　the　present　age　and　for　posterity。



I　thereupon　summoned　my　constitutional　advisers；　the　heads　of　all　the

departments；　to　meet　on　Sunday；　the　20th　day　of　April；　1861；　at　the

office　of　the　Navy　Department；　and　then　and　there；　with　their

unanimous　concurrence；　I　directed　that　an　armed　revenue　cutter　should

proceed　to　sea　to　afford　protection　to　the　commercial　marine；　and

especially　the　California　treasure　ships　then　on　their　way　to　this

coast。　　I　also　directed　the　commandant　of　the　navy…yard　at　Boston　to

purchase　or　charter　and　arm　as　quickly　as　possible　five　steamships

for　purposes　of　public　defense。　　I　directed　the　commandant　of　the

navy…yard　at　Philadelphia　to　purchase　or　charter　and　arm　an　equal

number　for　the　same　purpose。　　I　directed　the　commandant　at　New　York

to　purchase　or　charter　and　arm　an　equal　number。　　I　directed　Commander

Gillis　to　purchase　or　charter　and　arm　and　put　to　sea　two　other

vessels。　　Similar　directions　were　given　to　Commodore　Dupont；　with　a

view　to　the　opening　of　passages　by　water　to　and　from　the　capital。　　I

directed　the　several　officers　to　take　the　advice　and　obtain　the　aid

and　efficient　services；　in　the　matter；　of　his　Excellency　Edwin　D。

Morgan；　the　Governor　of　New　York；　or　in　his　absence　George　D。　Morgan；

William　M。　Evarts；　R。　M。　Blatchford；　and　Moses　H。　Grinnell；　who　were

by　my　directions　especially　empowered　by　the　Secretary　of　the　Navy　to

act　for　his　department　in　that　crisis　in　matters　pertaining　to　the

forwarding　of　troops　and　supplies　for　the　public　defense。



The　several　departments　of　the　government　at　that　time　contained　so

large　a　number　of　disloyal　persons　that　it　would　have　been　impossible

to　provide　safely　through　official　agents　only　for　the　performance　of

the　duties　thus　confided　to　citizens　favorably　known　for　their

ability；　loyalty；　and　patriotism。



The　several　orders　issued　upon　these　occurrences　were　transmitted　by

private　messengers；　who　pursued　a　circuitous　way　to　the　seaboard

cities；　inland　across　the　States　of　Pennsylvania　and　Ohio　and　the

northern　lakes。　　I　believe　by　these　and　other　similar　measures　taken

in　that　crisis；　some　of　which　were　without　any　authority　of　law；　the

government　was　saved　from　overthrow。　　I　am　not　aware　that　a　dollar　of

the　public　funds　thus　confided　without　authority　of　law　to　unofficial

persons　was　either　lost　or　wasted；　although　apprehensions　of　such

misdirection　occurred　to　me　as　objections　to　those　extraordinary

proceedings；　and　were　necessarily　overruled。



I　recall　these　transactions　now　because　my　attention　has　been

directed　to　a　resolution　which　was　passed　by　the　House　of

Representatives　on　the　30th　day　of　last　month；　which　is　in　these

words：



〃Resolved；　That　Simon　Cameron；　late　Secretary　of　War　by　investing

Alexander　Cummings　with　the　control　of　large　sums　of　the　public　money

and　authority　to　purchase　military　supplies　without　restriction；

without　requiring　from　him　any　guaranty　for　the　faithful　performance

of　his　duties；　when　the　services　of　competent　public　officers　were

available；　and　by　involving　the　government　in　a　vast　number　of

contracts　with　persons　not　legitimately　engaged　in　the　business

pertaining　to　the　subject…matter　of　such　contracts；　especially　in　the

purchase　of　arms　for　future　delivery；　has　adopted　a　policy　highly

injurious　to　the　public　service；　and　deserves　the　censure　of　the

House。〃



Congress　will　see　that　I　should　be　wanting　equally　in　candor　and　in

justice　if　I　should　leave　the　censure　expressed　in　this　resolution　to

rest　exclusively　or　chiefly　upon　Mr。　Cameron。　　The　same　sentiment　is

unanimously　entertained　by　the　heads　of　department　who　participated

in　the　proceedings　which　the　Hous