the antiquities of the jews-1-第180章

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Pollio；　（19）　who　was　very　fond　of　Herod's　friendship；　and　they
had　leave　to　lodge　in　Caesar's　own　palace；　for　he　received　these
sons　of　Herod　with　all　humanity；　and　gave　Herod　leave　to　give
his；　kingdom　to　which　of　his　sons　he　pleased；　and　besides　all
this；　he　bestowed　on　him　Trachon；　and　Batanea；　and　Auranitis；
which　he　gave　him　on　the　occasion　following：　One　Zenodorus　（20）
had　hired　what　was　called　the　house　of　Lysanias；　who；　as　he　was
not　satisfied　with　its　revenues；　became　a　partner　with　the
robbers　that　inhabited　the　Trachonites；　and　so　procured　himself　a
larger　income；　for　the　inhabitants　of　those　places　lived　in　a　mad
way；　and　pillaged　the　country　of　the　Damascenes；　while　Zenodorus
did　not　restrain　them；　but　partook　of　the　prey　they　acquired。　Now
as　the　neighboring　people　were　hereby　great。　sufferers；　they
complained　to　Varro；　who　was　then　president　＇of　Syria＇；　and
entreated　him　to　write　to　Caesar　about　this　injustice　of
Zenodorus。　When　these　matters　were　laid　before　Caesar；　he　wrote
back　to　Varro　to　destroy　those　nests　of　robbers；　and　to　give　the
land　to　Herod；　that　so　by　his　care　the　neighboring　countries
might　be　no　longer　disturbed　with　these　doings　of　the
Trachonites；　for　it　was　not　an　easy　firing　to　restrain　them；
since　this　way　of　robbery　had　been　their　usual　practice；　and　they
had　no　other　way　to　get　their　living；　because　they　had　neither
any　city　of　their　own；　nor　lands　in　their　possession；　but　only
some　receptacles　and　dens　in　the　earth；　and　there　they　and　their
cattle　lived　in　common　together。　However；　they　had　made
contrivances　to　get　pools　of　water；　and　laid　up　corn　in　granaries
for　themselves；　and　were　able　to　make　great　resistance；　by
issuing　out　on　the　sudden　against　any　that　attacked　them；　for　the
entrances　of　their　caves　were　narrow；　in　which　but　one　could　come
in　at　a　time；　and　the　places　within　incredibly　large；　and　made
very　wide　but　the　ground　over　their　habitations　was　not　very
high；　but　rather　on　a　plain；　while　the　rocks　are　altogether　hard
and　difficult　to　be　entered　upon；　unless　any　one　gets　into　the
plain　road　by　the　guidance　of　another；　for　these　roads　are　not
straight；　but　have　several　revolutions。　But　when　these　men　are
hindered　from　their　wicked　preying　upon　their　neighbors；　their
custom　is　to　prey　one　upon　another；　insomuch　that　no　sort　of
injustice　comes　amiss　to　them。　But　when　Herod　had　received　this
grant　from　Caesar；　and　was　come　into　this　country；　he　procured
skillful　guides；　and　put　a　stop　to　their　wicked　robberies；　and
procured　peace　and　quietness　to　the　neighboring　people。

2。　Hereupon　Zenodorus　was　grieved；　in　the　first　place；　because
his　principality　was　taken　away　from　him；　and　still　more　so；
because　he　envied　Herod；　who　had　gotten　it；　So　he　went　up　to　Rome
to　accuse　him；　but　returned　back　again　without　success。　Now
Agrippa　was　＇about　this　time＇　sent　to　succeed　Caesar　in　the
government　of　the　countries　beyond　the　Ionian　Sea；　upon　whom
Herod　lighted　when　he　was　wintering　about　Mitylene；　for　he　had
been　his　particular　friend　and　companion；　and　then　returned　into
Judea　again。　However；　some　of　the　Gadarens　came　to　Agrippa；　and
accused　Herod；　whom　he　sent　back　bound　to　the　king　without　giving
them　the　hearing。　But　still　the　Arabians；　who　of　old　bare
ill…will　to　Herod's　government；　were　nettled；　and　at　that　time
attempted　to　raise　a　sedition　in　his　dominions；　and；　as　they
thought；　upon　a　more　justifiable　occasion；　for　Zenodorus；
despairing　already　of　success　as　to　his　own　affairs；　prevented
＇his　enemies＇；　by　selling　to　those　Arabians　a　part　of　his
principality；　called　Auranitis；　for　the　value　of　fifty　talents；
but　as　this　was　included　in　the　donations　of　Caesar；　they
contested　the　point　with　Herod；　as　unjustly　deprived　of　what　they
had　bought。　Sometimes　they　did　this　by　making　incursions　upon
him；　and　sometimes　by　attempting　force　against　him；　and　sometimes
by　going　to　law　with　him。　Moreover；　they　persuaded　the　poorer
soldiers　to　help　them；　and　were　troublesome　to　him；　out　of　a
constant　hope　that　they　should　reduce　the　people　to　raise　a
sedition；　in　which　designs　those　that　are　in　the　most　miserable
circumstances　of　life　are　still　the　most　earnest；　and　although
Herod　had　been　a　great　while　apprized　of　these　attempts；　yet　did
not　he　indulge　any　severity　to　them；　but　by　rational　methods
aimed　to　mitigate　things；　as　not　willing　to　give　any　handle　for
tumults。

3。　Now　when　Herod　had　already　reigned　seventeen　years；　Caesar
came　into　Syria；　at　which　time　the　greatest　part　of　the
inhabitants　of　Gadara　clamored　against　Herod；　as　one　that　was
heavy　in　his　injunctions；　and　tyrannical。　These　reproaches　they
mainly　ventured　upon　by　the　encouragement　of　Zenodorus；　who　took
his　oath　that　he　would　never　leave　Herod　till　he　had　procured
that　they　should　be　severed　from　Herod's　kingdom；　and　joined　to
Caesar's　province。　The　Gadarens　were　induced　hereby；　and　made　no
small　cry　against　him；　and　that　the　more　boldly；　because　those
that　had　been　delivered　up　by　Agrippa　were　not　punished　by　Herod；
who　let　them　go；　and　did　them　no　harm；　for　indeed　he　was　the
principal　man　in　the　world　who　appeared　almost　inexorable　in
punishing　crimes　in　his　own　family；　but　very　generous　in
remitting　the　offenses　that　were　committed　elsewhere。　And　while
they　accused　Herod　of　injuries；　and　plunderings；　and　subversions
of　temples；　he　stood　unconcerned；　and　was　ready　to　make　his
defense。　However；　Caesar　gave　him　his　right　hand；　and　remitted
nothing　of　his　kindness　to　him；　upon　this　disturbance　by　the
multitude；　and　indeed　these　things　were　alleged　the　first　day；
but　the　hearing　proceeded　no　further；　for　as　the　Gadarens　saw　the
inclination　of　Caesar　and　of　his　assessors；　and　expected；　as　they
had　reason　to　do；　that　they　should　be　delivered　up　to　the　king；
some　of　them；　out　of　a　dread　of　the　torments　they　might　undergo；
cut　their　own　throats　in　the　night　time；　and　some　of　them　threw
themselves　down　precipices；　and　others　of　them　cast　themselves
into　the　river；　and　destroyed　themselves　of　their　own　accord；
which　accidents　seemed　a　sufficient　condemnation　of　the　rashness
and　crimes　they　had　been　guilty　of；　whereupon　Caesar　made　no
longer　delay；　but　cleared　Herod　from　the　crimes　he　was　accused
of。　Another　happy　accident　there　was；　which　was　a　further　great
advantage　to　Herod　at　this　time；　for　Zenodorus's　belly　burst；　and
a　great　quantity　of　blood　issued　from　him　in　his　sickness；　and　he
thereby　departed　this　life　at　Antioch　in　Syria；　so　Caesar
bestowed　his　country；　which　was　no　small　one；　upon　Herod；　it　lay
between　Trachon　and　Galilee；　and　contained　Ulatha；　and　Paneas；
and　the　country　round　about。　He　also　made　him　one　of　the
procurators　of　Syria；　and　commanded　that　they　should　do　every
thing　with　his　approbation；　and；　in　short；　he　arrived　at　that
pitch　of　felicity；　that　whereas　there　were　but　two　men　that
governed　the　vast　Roman　empire；　first　Caesar；　and　then　Agrippa；
who　was　his　principal　favorite；　Caesar　preferred　no　one　to　Herod
besides　Agrippa；　and　Agrippa　made　no　one　his　greater　friend　than
Herod　besides　Caesar。　And　when　he　had　acquired　such　freedom；　he
begged　of　Caesar　a　tetrarchy　（21）　for　his　brother　Pheroras；　while
he　did　himself　bestow　upon　him　a　revenue　of　a　hundred　talents　out
of　his　own　kingdom；　that　in　case　he　came　to　any　harm　himself；　his
brother　might　be　in　safety；　and　that　his　sons　might　not　have
dominion　over　him。　So　when　he　had　conducted　Caesar　to　the　sea；
and　was　returned　home；　he　built　him　a　most　beautiful　temple；　of
the　whitest　stone；　in　Zenodorus's　country；　near　the　place　called
Panlure。　This　is　a　very　fine　cave　in　a　mountain；　under　which
there　is　a　great　cavity　in　the　earth；　and　the　cavern　is　abrupt；
and　prodigiously　deep；　and　frill　of　a　still　water；　over　it　hangs
a　vast　mountain；　and　under　the　caverns　arise　the　springs　of　the
river　Jordan。　Herod　adorned　this　place；　which　was　already　a　very
remarkable　one；　still　further　by　the　erection　of　this　temple；
which　he　dedicated　to　Caesar。

4。　At　which　time　Herod　released　to　his　subjects　the　third　part　of
their　taxes；　under　pretense　indeed　of　relieving　them；　after　the
dearth　they　had　had；　but　the　main　reason　was；　to　recover　their
good…will；　which　he　now　wanted；　for　they　were　uneasy　at　him；
because　of　the　innovations　he　had　introduced　in　their　practices；
of　the　dissolution　of　their　religion；　and　of　the　disuse　of　their
own　customs；　and　the　people　every　where　talked　against　him；　like
those　that　were　still　more　provoked　and　disturbed　at　his
procedure；　against　which　discontents　he　greatly　guarded　himself；
and　took　away　the　opportunities　they　might　have　to　disturb　him；
and　enjoined　them　to　be　always　at　work；　nor　did　he　permit　the
citizens　either　to　meet　together；　or　to　walk　or　eat　together；　but
watched　every　thing　they　did；　and　when　any　were　caught；　they　were
severely　punished；　and　many　there　were　who　were　brought　to　the
citadel　Hyrcania；　both　openly　and　secretly；　and　were　there　put　to
death；　and　there　were　spies　set　every　where；　both　in　the　city　and
in　the　roads；　who　watched　those　that　met　together；　nay；　it　is
reported　that　he　did　not　himself　neglect　this　part　of　caution；
but　that　he　would　oftentimes　himself　take　the　habit　of　a　private
man；　and　mix　among　the　multitude；　in　the　night　time；　and　make
trial　what　opinion　they　had　of　his　government：　and　as　for　those
that　could　no　way　be　reduced　to　acquiesce　under　his　scheme　of
government；　he　prosecuted　them　all　manner　of　ways；　but　for　the
rest　of　the　multitude；　he　required　that　they　should　be　obliged　to
take　an　oath　of　fidelity　to　him；　and　at　the　same　time　compelled
them　to　swear　that　they　would　bear　him　good…will；　and　continue
certainly　so　to　do；　in　his　management　of　the　government；　and
indeed　a　great　part　of　them；　either　to　please　him；　or　out　of　fear
of　him；　yielded　to　what　he　required　of　them；　but　for　such　as　were
of　a　more　open　and　generous　disposition；　and　had　indignation　at
the　force　he　used　to　them；　he　by　one　means　or　other　made　away；
with　them。　He　endeavored　also　to　persuade　Pollio　the　Pharisee；
and　Satneas；　and　the　greatest　part　of　their　scholars；　to　take　the
oath；　but　these　would　neither　submit　so　to　do；　nor　were　they
punished　together　with　the　rest；　out　of　the　reverence　he　bore　to
Pollio。　The　Essens　also；　as　we　call　a　sect　of　ours；　were　excused
from　this　imposition。　These　men　live　the　same　kind　of　life　as　do
those　whom　the　Greeks　call　Pythagoreans；　concerning　whom　I　shall
discourse　more　fully　elsewhere。　However；　it　is　but　fit　to　set
down　here　the　reasons　wherefore　Herod　had　these　Essens　in　such
honor；　and　thought　higher　of　them　than　their　mortal　nature
required；　nor　will　this　account　be　unsuitable　to　the　nature　of
this　history；　as　it　will　show　the　opinion　men　had　of　these
Essens。

5。　Now　there　was　one　of　these　Essens；　whose　name　was　Manahem；　who
had　this　testimony；　that　he　not　only　conducted　his　life　after　an
excellent　manner；　but　had　the　foreknowledge　of　future　events
given　him　by　God　also。　This　man　once　saw　Herod　when　he　was　a
child；　and　going　to　school；　and　saluted　him　as　king　of　the　Jews；
but　he；　thinking　that　either　he　did　not　know　him；　or　that　he　was
in　jest；　put　him　in　mind　that　he　was　but　a　private　man；　but
Manahem　smiled　to　himself；　and　clapped　him　on