memoirs of general william t. sherman-2-第19章
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ward was aiming for Jonesboro。
I was with General Thomas that day； which was hot but otherwise very pleasant。 We stopped for a short noon…rest near a little church （marked on our maps as Shoal…Creek Church）； which stood back about a hundred yards from the road； in a grove of native oaks。 The infantry column had halted in the road； stacked their arms； and the men were scattered aboutsome lying in the shade of the trees； and others were bringing corn…stalks from a large corn…field across the road to feed our horses； while still others had arms full of the roasting…ears； then in their prime。 Hundreds of fires were soon started with the fence…rails； and the men were busy roasting the ears。 Thomas and I were walking up and down the road which led to the church； discussing the chances of the movement； which he thought were extra…hazardous； and our path carried us by a fire at which a soldier was roasting his corn。 The fire was built artistically； the man was stripping the ears of their husks； standing them in front of his fire； watching them carefully； and turning each ear little by little； so as to roast it nicely。 He was down on his knees intent on his business； paying little heed to the stately and serious deliberations of his leaders。 Thomas's mind was running on the fact that we had cut loose from our base of supplies； and that seventy thousand men were then dependent for their food on the chance supplies of the country （already impoverished by the requisitions of the enemy）； and on the contents of our wagons。 Between Thomas and his men there existed a most kindly relation； and he frequently talked with them in the most familiar way。 Pausing awhile； and watching the operations of this man roasting his corn； he said； 〃What are you doing？〃 The man looked up smilingly 〃Why； general； I am laying in a supply of provisions。〃 〃That is right； my man； but don't waste your provisions。〃 As we resumed our walk； the man remarked； in a sort of musing way； but loud enough for me to hear： 〃There he goes； there goes the old man； economizing as usual。〃 〃Economizing〃 with corn； which cost only the labor of gathering and roasting！
As we walked； we could hear General Howard's guns at intervals； away off to our right front； but an ominous silence continued toward our left； where I was expecting at each moment to hear the sound of battle。 That night we reached Renfrew's； and had reports from left to right （from General Schofield； about Morrow's Mills； to General Howard； within a couple of miles of Jonesboro）。 The next morning （August 31st） all moved straight for the railroad。 Schofield reached it near Rough and Ready； and Thomas at two points between there and Jonesboro。 Howard found an intrenched foe （Hardee's corps） covering Jonesboro； and his men began at once to dig their accustomed rifle…pits。 Orders were sent to Generals Thomas and Schofield to turn straight for Jonesboro； tearing up the railroad…track as they advanced。 About 3。00 p。m。 the enemy sallied from Jonesboro against the Fifteenth corps； but was easily repulsed； and driven back within his lines。 All hands were kept busy tearing up the railroad； and it was not until toward evening of the 1st day of September that the Fourteenth Corps （Davis） closed down on the north front of Jonesboro； connecting on his right with Howard； and his left reaching the railroad； along which General Stanley was moving； followed by Schofield。 General Davis formed his divisions in line about 4 p。m。； swept forward over some old cotton…fields in full view； and went over the rebel parapet handsomely； capturing the whole of Govan's brigade； with two field…batteries of ten guns。 Being on the spot； I checked Davis's movement； and ordered General Howard to send the two divisions of the Seventeenth Corps （Blair） round by his right rear； to get below Jonesboro； and to reach the railroad； so as to cut off retreat in that direction。 I also dispatched orders after orders to hurry forward Stanley； so as to lap around Jonesboro on the east； hoping thus to capture the whole of Hardee's corps。 I sent first Captain Audenried （aide…de…camp）； then Colonel Poe； of the Engineers； and lastly General Thomas himself （and that is the only time during the campaign I can recall seeing General Thomas urge his horse into a gallop）。 Night was approaching； and the country on the farther side of the railroad was densely wooded。 General Stanley had come up on the left of Davis； and was deploying； though there could not have been on his front more than a skirmish…line。 Had he moved straight on by the flank； or by a slight circuit to his left； he would have inclosed the whole ground occupied by Hardee's corps； and that corps could not have escaped us； but night came on； and Hardee did escape。
Meantime General Slocum had reached his corps （the Twentieth）； stationed at the Chattahoochee bridge； had relieved General A。 S。 Williams in command； and orders had been sent back to him to feel forward occasionally toward Atlanta； to observe the effect when we had reached the railroad。 That night I was so restless and impatient that I could not sleep； and about midnight there arose toward Atlanta sounds of shells exploding； and other sound like that of musketry。 I walked to the house of a farmer close by my bivouac； called him out to listen to the reverberations which came from the direction of Atlanta （twenty miles to the north of us）； and inquired of him if he had resided there long。 He said he had； and that these sounds were just like those of a battle。 An interval of quiet then ensued； when again； about 4 a。m。； arose other similar explosions； but I still remained in doubt whether the enemy was engaged in blowing up his own magazines； or whether General Slocum had not felt forward； and become engaged in a real battle。
The next morning General Hardee was gone； and we all pushed forward along the railroad south； in close pursuit； till we ran up against his lines at a point just above Lovejoy's Station。 While bringing forward troops and feeling the new position of our adversary； rumors came from the rear that the enemy had evacuated Atlanta； and that General Slocum was in the city。 Later in the day I received a note in Slocum's own handwriting； stating that he had heard during the night the very sounds that I have referred to； that he had moved rapidly up from the bridge about daylight； and had entered Atlanta unopposed。 His letter was dated inside the city； so there was no doubt of the fact。 General Thomas's bivouac was but a short distance from mine； and； before giving notice to the army in general orders； I sent one of my staff…officers to show him the note。 In a few minutes the officer returned； soon followed by Thomas himself； who again examined the note； so as to be perfectly certain that it was genuine。 The news seemed to him too good to be true。 He snapped his fingers； whistled； and almost danced； and； as the news spread to the army； the shouts that arose from our men； the wild hallooing and glorious laughter； were to us a full recompense for the labor and toils and hardships through which we had passed in the previous three months。
A courier…line was at once organized； messages were sent back and forth from our camp at Lovejoy's to Atlanta； and to our telegraph… station at the Chattahoochee bridge。 Of course； the glad tidings flew on the wings of electricity to all parts of the North； where the people had patiently awaited news of their husbands； sons； and brothers； away down in 〃Dixie Land；〃 and congratulations came pouring back full of good…will and patriotism。 This victory was most opportune； Mr。 Lincoln himself told me afterward that even he had previously felt in doubt； for the summer was fast passing away； that General Grant seemed to be checkmated about Richmond and Petersburg； and my army seemed to have run up against an impassable barrier； when； suddenly and unexpectedly； came the news that 〃Atlanta was ours； and fairly won。〃 On this text many a fine speech was made； but none more eloquent than that by Edward Everett； in Boston。 A presidential election then agitated the North。 Mr。 Lincoln represented the national cause； and General McClellan had accepted the nomination of the Democratic party； whose platform was that the war was a failure； and that it was better to allow the South to go free to establish a separate government； whose corner…stone should be slavery。 Success to our arms at that instant was therefore a political necessity； and it was all…important that something startling in our interest should occur before the election in November。 The brilliant success at Atlanta filled that requirement； and made the election of Mr。 Lincoln certain。 Among the many letters of congratulation received； those of Mr。 Lincoln and General Grant seem most important：
EXECUTIVE MANSION WASHINGTON； D。C。 September 3； 1864。
The national thanks are rendered by the President to Major…General W。 T。 Sherman and the gallant officers and soldiers of his command before Atlanta； for the distinguished ability and perseverance displayed in the campaign in Georgia； which； under Divine favor； has resulted in the capture of Atlanta。 The marches； battles； sieges； and other military operations； that have signalized the campaign； must render it famous in the annals of war； and have entitled those who have participated therein to the applause and thanks of the nation。
ABRAHAM LINCOLN President of the United States
CITY POINT VIRGINIA； September 4； 1864…9 P。M。
Major…General SHERMAN： I have just received your dispatch announcing the capture of Atlanta。 In honor of your great victory； I have ordered a salute to be fired with shotted guns from every battery bearing upon the enemy。 The salute will be fired within an hour； amid great rejoicing。
U。 S。 GRANT； Lieutenant…General。
These dispatches were communicated to the army in general orders； and we all felt duly encouraged and elated by the praise of those competent to bestow it。
The army still remained where the news of success had first found us； viz。； Lovejoy's； but； after due refection； I resolved not to attempt at that time a further pursuit of Hood's army； but slowly and deliberately to move back； occupy Atlanta； enjoy a short period of rest； and to think well over the neat step required in the progress of events。 Orders for this movement were made on the 5th September； and three days were given for each army to reach the place assigned it； viz。： the Army of the Cumberland in and about Atlanta； the Army of the Tennessee at East Point； and the Army of the Ohio at Decatur。
Personally I rode back to Jonesboro on the 6th； and there inspected the rebel hospital； full of wounded officers and men left by Hardee in his retreat。 The next night we stopped at Rough and Ready； and on the 8th of September we rode into Atlanta； then occupied by the Twentieth Corps （General Slocum）。 In the Court…House Square was encamped a brigade； embracing the Massachusetts Second and Thirty… third Regiments； which had two of the finest bands of the army； and their music was to us all a source of infinite pleasure during our sojourn in that city。 I took up my headquarters in the house of Judge Lyons； which stood opposite one corner of the Court…House Square； and at once
