memoirs of general william t. sherman-2-第18章
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nd sure。〃 On August 7th I telegraphed to General Halleck：
Have received to…day the dispatches of the Secretary of War and of General Grant； which are very satisfactory。 We keep hammering away all the time； and there is no peace； inside or outside of Atlanta。 To…day General Schofield got round the line which was assaulted yesterday by General Reilly's brigade； turned it and gained the ground where the aseanlt had been made； and got possession of all our dead and wounded。 He continued to press on that flank； and brought on a noisy but not a bloody battle。 He drove the enemy behind his main breastworks； which cover the railroad from Atlanta to East Point； and captured a good many of the skirmishers； who are of his best troopsfor the militia hug the breastworks close。 I do not deem it prudent to extend any more to the right； but will push forward daily by parallels； and make the inside of Atlanta too hot to be endured。 I have sent back to Chattanooga for two thirty… pound Parrotts； with which we can pick out almost any house in town。 I am too impatient for a siege； and don't know but this is as good a place to fight it out on； as farther inland。 One thing is certain； whether we get inside of Atlanta or not； it will be a used…up community when we are done with it。
In Schofield's extension on the 5th； General Reilly's brigade had struck an outwork； which he promptly attacked； but； as usual； got entangled in the trees and bushes which had been felled； and lost about five hundred men； in killed and wounded； but； as above reported； this outwork was found abandoned the next day； and we could see from it that the rebels were extending their lines； parallel with the railroad； about as fast as we could add to our line of investment。 On the 10th of August the Parrott thirty…pounders were received and placed in Position； for a couple of days we kept up a sharp fire from all our batteries converging on Atlanta； and at every available point we advanced our infantry…lines； thereby shortening and strengthening the investment； but I was not willing to order a direct assault； unless some accident or positive neglect on the part of our antagonist should reveal an opening。 However； it was manifest that no such opening was intended by Hood； who felt secure behind his strong defenses。 He had repelled our cavalry attacks on his railroad； and had damaged us seriously thereby； so I expected that he would attempt the same game against our rear。 Therefore I made extraordinary exertions to recompose our cavalry divisions； which were so essential； both for defense and offense。 Kilpatrick was given that on our right rear； in support of Schofield's exposed flank； Garrard retained that on our general left； and McCook's division was held somewhat in reserve； about Marietta and the railroad。 On the 10th； having occasion to telegraph to General Grant； then in Washington； I used this language：
Since July 28th Hood has not attempted to meet us outside his parapets。 In order to possess and destroy effectually his communications； I may have to leave a corps at the railroad…bridge； well intrenched； and cut loose with the balance to make a circle of desolation around Atlanta。 I do not propose to assault the works； which are too strong； nor to proceed by regular approaches。 I have lost a good many regiments； and will lose more； by the expiration of service； and this is the only reason why I want reenforcements。 We have killed； crippled； and captured more of the enemy than we have lost by his acts。
On the 12th of August I heard of the success of Admiral Farragut in entering Mobile Bay； which was regarded as a most valuable auxiliary to our operations at Atlanta； and learned that I had been commissioned a major…general in the regular army； which was unexpected； and not desired until successful in the capture of Atlanta。 These did not change the fact that we were held in check by the stubborn defense of the place； and a conviction was forced on my mind that our enemy would hold fast； even though every house in the town should be battered down by our artillery。 It was evident that we moat decoy him out to fight us on something like equal terms； or else； with the whole army； raise the siege and attack his communications。 Accordingly； on the 13th of August； I gave general orders for the Twentieth Corps to draw back to the railroad…bridge at the Chattahoochee； to protect our trains； hospitals； spare artillery； and the railroad…depot； while the rest of the army should move bodily to some point on the Macon Railroad below East Point。
Luckily； I learned just then that the enemy's cavalry； under General Wheeler； had made a wide circuit around our left flank； and had actually reached our railroad at Tilton Station； above Resaca； captured a drove of one thousand of our beef…cattle； and was strong enough to appear before Dalton； and demand of its commander； Colonel Raum； the surrender of the place。 General John E。 Smith； who was at Kingston； collected together a couple of thousand men； and proceeded in cars to the relief of Dalton ； when Wheeler retreated northward toward Cleveland。 On the 16th another detachment of the enemy's cavalry appeared in force about Allatoona and the Etowah bridge； when I became fully convinced that Hood had sent all of his cavalry to raid upon our railroads。 For some days our communication with Nashville was interrupted by the destruction of the telegraph…lines； as well as railroad。 I at once ordered strong reconnoissances forward from our flanks on the left by Garrard； and on the right by Kilpatrick。 The former moved with so much caution that I was displeased； but Kilpatrick； on the contrary； displayed so much zeal and activity that I was attracted to him at once。 He reached Fairburn Station； on the West Point road； and tore it up； returning safely to his position on our right flank。 I summoned him to me； and was so pleased with his spirit and confidence； that I concluded to suspend the general movement of the main army； and to send him with his small division of cavalry to break up the Macon road about Jonesboro； in the hopes that it would force Hood to evacuate Atlanta； and that I should thereby not only secure possession of the city itself； but probably could catch Hood in the confusion of retreat； and； further to increase the chances of success。
I ordered General Thomas to detach two brigades of Garrard's division of cavalry from the left to the right rear； to act as a reserve in support of General Kilpatrick。 Meantime； also； the utmost activity was ordered along our whole front by the infantry and artillery。 Kilpatrick got off during the night of the 18th； and returned to us on the 22d； having made the complete circuit of Atlanta。 He reported that he had destroyed three miles of the railroad about Jonesboro； which he reckoned would take ten days to repair； that he had encountered a division of infantry and a brigade of cavalry （Ross's）； that he had captured a battery and destroyed three of its guns； bringing one in as a trophy； and he also brought in three battle…flags and seventy prisoners。 On the 23d； however； we saw trains coming into Atlanta from the south； when I became more than ever convinced that cavalry could not or would not work hard enough to disable a railroad properly； and therefore resolved at once to proceed to the execution of my original plan。 Meantime； the damage done to our own railroad and telegraph by Wheeler； about Resaca and Dalton； had been repaired； and Wheeler himself was too far away to be of any service to his own army； and where he could not do us much harm； viz。； up about the Hiawaesee。 On the 24th I rode down to the Chattahoochee bridge； to see in person that it could be properly defended by the single corps proposed to be left there for that purpose； and found that the rebel works； which had been built by Johnston to resist us； could be easily utilized against themselves； and on returning to my camp； at that same evening； I telegraphed to General Halleck as follows：
Heavy fires in Atlanta all day； caused by our artillery。 I will be all ready； and will commence the movement around Atlanta by the south； tomorrow night； and for some time you will hear little of us。 I will keep open a courier line back to the Chattahoochee bridge； by way of Sandtown。 The Twentieth Corps will hold the railroad…bridge； and I will move with the balance of the army； provisioned for twenty days。
Meantime General Dodge （commanding the Sixteenth Corps） had been wounded in the forehead； had gone to the rear； and his two divisions were distributed to the Fifteenth and Seventeenth Corps。 The real movement commenced on the 25th； at night。 The Twentieth Corps drew back and took post at the railroad…bridge； and the Fourth Corps （Stanley） moved to his right rear； closing up with the Fourteenth Corps （Jeff。 C。 Davis） near Utoy Creek； at the same time Garrard's cavalry； leaving their horses out of sight； occupied the vacant trenches； so that the enemy did not detect the change at all。 The next night （26th） the Fifteenth and Seventeenth Corps； composing the Army of the Tennessee （Howard）； drew out of their trenches； made a wide circuit； and came up on the extreme right of the Fourth and Fourteenth Corps of the Army of the Cumberland （Thomas） along Utoy Creek； facing south。 The enemy seemed to suspect something that night； using his artillery pretty freely； but I think he supposed we were going to retreat altogether。 An artillery…shot； fired at random； killed one man and wounded another； and the next morning some of his infantry came out of Atlanta and found our camps abandoned。 It was afterward related that there was great rejoicing in Atlanta 〃that the Yankees were gone；〃 the fact was telegraphed all over the South； and several trains of cars （with ladies） came up from Macon to assist in the celebration of their grand victory。
On the 28th （making a general left…wheel； pivoting on Schofield） both Thomas and Howard reached the Pest Point Railroad； extending from East Point to Red…Oak Station and Fairburn； where we spent the next day （29th） in breaking it up thoroughly。 The track was heaved up in sections the length of a regiment； then separated rail by rail； bonfires were made of the ties and of fence…rails on which the rails were heated； carried to trees or telegraph…poles； wrapped around and left to cool。 Such rails could not be used again； and； to be still more certain； we filled up many deep cuts with trees； brush； and earth； and commingled with them loaded shells； so arranged that they would explode on an attempt to haul out the bushes。 The explosion of one such shell world have demoralized a gang of negroes； and thus would have prevented even the attempt to clear the road。
Meantime Schofield； with the Twenty…third Corps； presented a bold front toward East Point； daring and inviting the enemy to sally out to attack him in position。 His first movement was on the 30th； to Mount Gilead Church； then to Morrow's Mills； facing Rough and Ready。 Thomas was on his right； within easy support； moving by cross…roads from Red Oak to the Fayetteville road； extending from Couch's to Renfrew's； and Howard was aiming for Jonesboro。
I was with General Thomas that day； which was hot but otherwise ve
