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brought¡¡to¡¡the¡¡surface¡¡in¡¡5¡¡years¡¡or¡¡two¡¡inches¡¡in¡¡10¡¡years¡£¡¡¡¡
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may¡¡therefore¡¡conclude¡¡that¡¡all¡¡ancient¡¡mounds£»¡¡when¡¡not¡¡formed¡¡of¡¡
materials¡¡unfavourable¡¡to¡¡worms£»¡¡will¡¡have¡¡been¡¡somewhat¡¡lowered¡¡in¡¡
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been¡¡greatly¡¡changed¡£

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castings¡¡are¡¡often¡¡ejected¡¡in¡¡extraordinary¡¡numbers¡¡on¡¡steep£»¡¡
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difficult¡¡to¡¡understand¡¡at¡¡first¡¡how¡¡any¡¡mould¡¡can¡¡still¡¡remain¡¡on¡¡
our¡¡Downs£»¡¡as¡¡there¡¡does¡¡not¡¡appear¡¡any¡¡evident¡¡means¡¡for¡¡supplying¡¡
the¡¡loss¡£¡¡¡¡There¡¡is£»¡¡moreover£»¡¡another¡¡cause¡¡of¡¡loss£»¡¡namely£»¡¡in¡¡
the¡¡percolation¡¡of¡¡the¡¡finer¡¡particles¡¡of¡¡earth¡¡into¡¡the¡¡fissures¡¡
in¡¡the¡¡chalk¡¡and¡¡into¡¡the¡¡chalk¡¡itself¡£¡¡¡¡These¡¡considerations¡¡led¡¡
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So¡¡again¡¡on¡¡the¡¡plain¡¡near¡¡Stonehenge£»¡¡the¡¡mould£»¡¡apparently¡¡free¡¡
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thickness¡£¡¡¡¡Why¡¡worms¡¡should¡¡penetrate¡¡and¡¡bring¡¡up¡¡chalk¡¡in¡¡some¡¡
places¡¡and¡¡not¡¡in¡¡others¡¡I¡¡do¡¡not¡¡know¡£

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the¡¡fragments¡¡now¡¡resembled¡¡water¡­worn¡¡pebbles¡£¡¡¡¡This¡¡must¡¡have¡¡
been¡¡effected¡¡by¡¡the¡¡carbonic¡¡acid¡¡in¡¡the¡¡rain¡¡and¡¡in¡¡the¡¡ground£»¡¡
by¡¡the¡¡humus¡­acids£»¡¡and¡¡by¡¡the¡¡corroding¡¡power¡¡of¡¡living¡¡roots¡£¡¡¡¡
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percolation¡¡of¡¡earthy¡¡matter¡¡into¡¡it¡£

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our¡¡Chalk¡¡Downs¡¡suffer¡¡some¡¡loss¡¡by¡¡the¡¡percolation¡¡of¡¡their¡¡finer¡¡
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to¡¡the¡¡mould¡¡than¡¡in¡¡the¡¡case¡¡of¡¡pure¡¡chalk¡£¡¡¡¡Besides¡¡the¡¡loss¡¡
caused¡¡by¡¡percolation£»¡¡some¡¡fine¡¡earth¡¡is¡¡certainly¡¡washed¡¡down¡¡the¡¡
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process£»¡¡however£»¡¡will¡¡be¡¡checked¡¡in¡¡the¡¡course¡¡of¡¡time£»¡¡for¡¡
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is¡¡washed¡¡down¡£¡¡¡¡The¡¡thickness¡¡of¡¡the¡¡mould¡¡was¡¡measured¡¡at¡¡points¡¡
12¡¡yards¡¡apart¡¡across¡¡a¡¡small¡¡valley¡¡in¡¡the¡¡Chalk¡¡near¡¡Winchester¡£¡¡¡¡
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whilst¡¡on¡¡the¡¡sides¡¡of¡¡the¡¡valley£»¡¡where¡¡the¡¡inclination¡¡varied¡¡
between¡¡14¡¡degrees¡¡and¡¡20¡¡degrees£»¡¡its¡¡mean¡¡thickness¡¡was¡¡rather¡¡
less¡¡than¡¡3¡£5¡¡inches¡£¡¡¡¡As¡¡the¡¡turf¡­covered¡¡bottom¡¡of¡¡the¡¡valley¡¡
sloped¡¡at¡¡an¡¡angle¡¡of¡¡only¡¡between¡¡2¡¡degrees¡¡and¡¡3¡¡degrees£»¡¡it¡¡is¡¡
probable¡¡that¡¡most¡¡of¡¡the¡¡8¡£3¡­inch¡¡layer¡¡of¡¡mould¡¡had¡¡been¡¡washed¡¡
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earth¡¡may¡¡have¡¡been¡¡brought¡¡down¡¡from¡¡the¡¡upper¡¡part£»¡¡or£»¡¡on¡¡the¡¡
other¡¡hand£»¡¡that¡¡some¡¡may¡¡have¡¡been¡¡carried¡¡further¡¡down¡¡the¡¡
valley¡£¡¡¡¡Closely¡¡similar¡¡results£»¡¡with¡¡respect¡¡

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