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and Napoleon was born on the following 15th of August。



'13' Antonomarchi; 〃Mémoires;〃 October 4; 1819。  〃Mémorial;〃 May 29;

1816。



'14' Miot de Melito; II。; 33: 〃The day I arrived at Bocognano two men

lost their lives through private vengeance。  About eight years before

this one of the inhabitants of the canton had killed a neighbor; the

father of two children。  。  。  。  On reaching the age of sixteen or

seventeen years these children left the country in order to dog the

steps of the murderer; who kept on the watch; not daring to go far

from his village。  。  。  。  Finding him playing cards under a tree;

they fired at and killed him; and besides this accidentally shot

another man who was asleep a few paces off。  The relatives on both

sides pronounced the act justifiable and according to rule。〃 Ibid。;

I。; 143: 〃On reaching Bastia from Ajaccio the two principal families

of the place; the Peraldi and the Visuldi; fired at each other; in

disputing over the honor of entertaining me。



'15' Bourrienne;〃 Mémoires;〃 I。; 18; 19。



'16' De Ségur; 〃Histoire et Mémoires;〃 I;; 74。



'17' Yung; I。; 195。  (Letter of Bonaparte to Paoli; June 12; 1789);

I。; 250 (Letter of Bonaparte to Buttafuoco; January 23 1790)。



'18' Yung; I。; 107 (Letter of Napoleon to his father; Sept。  12;

1784); I。; 163 (Letter of Napoleon to Abbé Raynal; July; 1786); I。;

197 (Letter of Napoleon to Paoli; June 12; 1789)。  The three letters

on the history of Corsica are dedicated to Abbé Raynal in a letter of

June 24; 1790; and may be found in Yung; I。; 434。



'19' Read especially his essay 〃On the Truths and Sentiments most

important to inculcate on Men for their Welfare〃 (a subject proposed

by the Academy of Lyons in 1790)。  Some bold men driven by genius。  。

。  。  Perfection grows out of reason as fruit out of a tree。  。  。  。

Reason's eyes guard man from the precipice of the passions。  。  。

The spectacle of the strength of virtue was what the Lacedaemonians

principally felt。  。  。  。  Must men then be lucky in the means by

which they are led on to happiness? 。  。  。  。  My rights (to

property) are renewed along with my transpiration; circulate in my

blood; are written on my nerves; on my heart。  。  。  。  Proclaim to

the rich …your wealth is your misfortune; withdrawn within the

latitude of your senses。  。  。  。  Let the enemies of nature at thy

voice keep silence and swallow their rabid serpents' tongues。  。  。  。

The wretched shun the society of men; the tapestry of gayety turns to

mourning。  。  。  。  Such; gentlemen; are the Sentiments which; in

animal relations; mankind should have taught it for its welfare。〃



'20' Yung; I。; 252 (Letter to Buttafuoco)。  〃Dripping with the blood

of his brethren; sullied by every species of crime; he presents

himself with confidence under his vest of a general; the sole reward

of his criminalities。〃 … I。; 192 (Letter to the Corsican Intendant;

April 2; 1879)。  〃Cultivation is what ruins us〃  … See various

manuscript letters; copied by Yung; for innumerable and gross mistakes

in French。  … Miot de Melito; I。; 84 (July; 1796)。  〃He spoke curtly

and; at this time; very incorrectly。〃 … Madame de Rémusat; I。; 104。

〃Whatever language he spoke it never seemed familiar to him; he

appeared to force himself in expressing his ideas。〃… Notes par le

Comte Chaptal  (unpublished); councillor of state and afterwards

minister of the interior under the Consulate: 〃At this time; Bonaparte

did not blush at the slight knowledge of administrative details which

he possessed; he asked a good many questions and demanded definitions

and the meaning of the commonest words in use。  As it very often

happened with him not to clearly comprehend words which he heard for

the first time; he always repeated these afterwards as he understood

them; for example; he constantly used section for session; armistice

for amnesty; fulminating point for culminating point; rentes voyagères

for 'rentes viagères;' etc。〃



'21' De Ségur; I。; 174



'22' Cf。  the 〃Mémoires〃 of Marshal Marmont; I。; 15; for the ordinary

sentiments of the young nobility。  〃In 1792 I had a sentiment for the

person of the king; difficult to define; of which I recovered the

trace; and to some extent the power; twenty…two years later; a

sentiment of devotion almost religious in character; an innate respect

as if due to a being of a superior order。  The word King then

possessed a magic; a force; which nothing had changed in pure and

honest breasts。  。  。  。  This religion of royalty still existed in

the mass of the nation;; and especially amongst the well…born; who;

sufficiently remote from power; were rather struck with its brilliancy

than with its imperfections。  。  。  。  This love became a sort of

worship。〃



'23' Bourrienne; 〃Mémoires;' I。  27。  … Ségur; I。  445。  In 1795; at

Paris; Bonaparte; being out of military employment; enters upon

several commercial speculations; amongst which is a bookstore; which

does not succeed。   (Stated by Sebastiani and many others。)



'24' 〃Mémorial;〃 Aug。  3; 1816。



'25' Bourrienne; I。; 171。  (Original text of the 〃Souper de

Beaucaire。〃)



'26' Yung; II。; 430; 431。  (Words of Charlotte Robespierre。) Bonaparte

as a souvenir of his acquaintance with her; granted her a pension;

under the consulate; of 3600 francs。  … Ibid。  (Letter of Tilly;

chargé d'affaires at Genoa; to Buchot; commissioner of foreign

affairs。) Cf。  in the 〃Mémorial;〃 Napoleon's favorable judgment of

Robespierre。



'27' Yung; II。; 455。   (Letter from Bonaparte to Tilly; Aug。  7;

1794。) Ibid。; III。; 120。  (Memoirs of Lucien。) 〃Barras takes care of

Josephine's dowry; which is the command of the army in Italy。〃 Ibid。;

II。; 477。  (Grading of general officers; notes by Schérer on

Bonaparte。) 〃He knows all about artillery; but is rather too

ambitious; and too intriguing for promotion。〃



'28' De Ségur; I。; 162。  … La Fayette; 〃Mémoires;〃 II。; 215。

〃Mémorial〃 (note dictated by Napoleon)。  He states the reasons for and

against; and adds; speaking of himself: 〃These sentiments; twenty…five

years of age; confidence in his strength; his destiny; determined

him。〃 Bourrienne; I。; 51:  〃 It is certain that he has always bemoaned

that day; he has often said to me that he would give years of his life

to efface that page of his history。〃



'29' 〃Mémorial;〃 I。; Sept 6; 1815。  〃 It is only after Lodi that the

idea came to me that I might; after all; become a decisive actor on

our political stage。  Then the first spark of lofty ambition gleamed

out。〃 On his aim and conduct in the Italian campaign of Sybel;

〃Histoire de l'Europe pendant la Révolution Fran?aise〃 (Dosquet

translation); vol。  IV。; books II。  and III。; especially pp。182; 199;

334; 335; 406; 420; 475; 489。



'30' Yung; III。; 213。  (Letter of M。 de Sucy; August 4; 1797。)



'31' Ibid。; III。; 214。  (Report of d'Entraigues to M。 de Mowikinoff;

Sept。; 1797。) 〃If there was any king in France which was not himself;

he would like to have been his creator; with his rights at the end of

his sword; this sword never to be parted with; so that he might plunge

it in the king's bosom if he ever ceased to be submissive to him。〃 …

Miot de Melito; I。; 154。  (Bonaparte to Montebello; before Miot and

Melzi; June; 1797。) Ibid; I。; 184。  (Bonaparte to Miot; Nov。  18;

1797; at Turin。)



'32' D'Haussonville; 〃L'église Romaine et la Premier Empire;〃 I。; 405。

(Words of M。 Cacault; signer of the Treaty of Tolentino; and French

Secretary of Legation at Rome; at the commencement of negotiations for

the Concordat。)  M。 Cacaut says that he used this expression; 〃After

the scenes of Tolentino and of Leghorn; and the fright of Manfredini;

and Matéi threatened; and so many other vivacities。〃



'33' Madame de Sta?l; 〃Considérations sur la Révolution Fran?aise;〃

3rd part; ch。  XXVI。; and 4th part; ch。  XVIII。



'34' Portrait of Bonaparte in the 〃Cabinet des Etampes;〃 〃drawn by

Guérin; engraved by Fiesinger; deposited in the National Library;

Vendémiaire 29; year VII。〃



'35' Madame de Rémusat; 〃Mémoires;〃 I。; 104。  … Miot de Melito; I。;

84。



'36' Madame de Sta?l; 〃Considerations;〃 etc。; 3rd part; ch。  XXV。  …

Madame de Rémusat; II。; 77。



'37' Stendhal;  〃Mémoires sur Napoléon;〃 narration of Admiral Decrès。

… Same narration in the 〃Mémorial。〃



'38' De Ségur; I。; 193。



'39' Roederer; 〃Oeuvres complétes;〃 II。; 560。  (Conversations with

General Lasalle in 1809; and Lasalle's judgment on the débuts of

Napoleon)。



'40' Another instance of this commanding influence is found in the

case of General Vandamme; an old revolutionary soldier still more

brutal and energetic than Augereau。  In 1815; Vandamme said to Marshal

d'Ornano; one day; on ascending the staircase of the Tuileries

together: 〃My dear fellow; that devil of a man (speaking of the

Emperor) fascinates me in a way I cannot account for。  I; who don't

fear either God or the devil; when I approach him I tremble like a

child。  He would make me dash through the eye of a needle into the

fire!〃 (〃Le Général Vandamme;〃 by du Casse; II。; 385)。



'41' Roederer; III。; 356。  (Napoleon himself says; February 11; 1809):

〃I; military! I am so; because I was born so; it is my habit; my very

existence。  Wherever I have been I have always had command。  I

commanded at twenty…three; at the siege of Toulon; I commanded at

Paris in Vendémiaire; I won over the soldiers in Italy the moment I

presented myself。  I was born for  that。〃



'42' Observe the various features of the same mental and moral

structure among different members of the family。   (Speaking of his

brothers and sisters in the 〃Memorial〃 Napoleon says): 〃What family as

numerous presents such a splendid group?〃 … 〃Souvenirs〃; by PASQUIER

(Etienne…Dennis; duc); chancelier de France。  in VI volumes; Librarie

Plon;  Paris 1893。  Vol。  I。 p。  400。  (This author; a young magistrate

under Louis XVI。; a high functionary under the Empire; an important

political personage under the restoration and the July monarchy; is

probably the best informed and most judicious of eye…witnesses during

the first half of our century。): 〃Their vices and virtues surpass

ordinary proportions and have a physiognomy of their own。  But what

especially distinguishes them is a stubborn will; and inflexible

resolution。  。  。  。  All possessed the instinct of their greatness。〃

They readily accepted 〃the highest positions; they even got to

believing that their elevation was inevitable。  。  。  。  Nothing in

the incredible good fortune of Joseph astonished him; often in

January; 1814; I heard him say over and over again that if his brother

had not meddled with his affairs after the second entry into Madrid;

he would still be on the throne of Spain。  As to determined obstinacy

we have only to refer to the resignation of Louis; the retirement of

Lucie

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