the origins of contemporary france-5-第47章

按键盘上方向键 ← 或 → 可快速上下翻页，按键盘上的 Enter 键可回到本书目录页，按键盘上方向键 ↑ 可回到本页顶部！
————未阅读完？加入书签已便下次继续阅读！





＇31＇　Léonce　de　Lavergne；　〃Economie　rurale　de　la　France；〃　p。26。

（According　to　the　table　of　names　with　indemnities　awarded　by　the　law

of　1825。）　…　Duc　de　Rovigo；　Mémoires；〃　IV。；　400。



＇32＇　De　Puymaigre；　〃Souvenirs　de　l'émigration　de　l'empire　et　de　la

restauration；〃　p。94。



＇33＇　Pelet　de　la　Lozère；　ibid。；　p。272。



＇34＇　De　Puymaigre；　ibid。；　passim。　…　　Alexandrine　des　écherolles；　〃Une

famille　noble　pendant　la　Terreur；〃　pp。328；　402；　408。　…　I　add　to

published　documents　personal　souvenirs　and　family　narrations。



＇35＇　Duc　de　Rovigo；　〃Mémoires；〃　IV。；　399。　（On　the　provincial　noblesse

which　had　emigrated　and　returned。）　〃The　First　Consul　quietly　gave

orders　that　none　of　the　applications　made　by　the　large　number　of　those

who　asked　for　minor　situations　in　various　branches　of　the

administration　should　be　rejected　on　account　of　emigration。〃



＇36＇　M。　de　Vitrolles；　〃Mémoires。〃　…　M。　d'Haussonville；　〃Ma　jeunesse；〃

p。　6o：　〃One　morning；　my　father　learns　that　he　has　been　appointed

chamberlain；　with　a　certain　number　of　other　persons　belonging　to　the

greatest　families　of　the　faubourg　Saint…Germain。〃



＇37＇　Madame　de　Rémusat；　〃Mémoires；〃　II。；　312；　315　and　following　pages；

373。　…　Madame　de　Sta？l；　〃Considérations　sur　la　révolution　fran？aise；〃

4th　part；　ch　IV。



＇38＇　Roederer；　III。；　459。　（Speech　by　Napoleon；　December　30；　1802。）〃

Very　well；　I　do　protect　the　nobles　of　France；　but　they　must　see　that

they　need　protection。　。　。　。　I　give　places　to　many　of　them；　I　restore

them　to　public　distinction　and　even　to　the　honors　of　the　drawing…room；

but　they　feel　that　it　is　alone　through　my　good　will。　…　Ibid。；　III。；

558　（January　1809）：　〃I　repent　daily　of　a　mistake　I　have　made　in　my

government；　the　most　serious　one　I　ever　made；　and　I　perceive　its　bad

effects　every　day。　It　was　the　giving　back　to　the　émigrés　the　totality

of　their　possessions。　I　ought　to　have　massed　them　in　common　and　given

each　one　simply　the　chance　of　an　income　of　6000　francs。　As　soon　as　I

saw　my　mistake　I　withdrew　from　thirty　to　forty　millions　of　forests；

but　far　too　many　are　still　in　the　hands　of　a　great　number　of　them。〃　…

We　here　see　the　attitude　he　would　impose　on　them；　that　of　clients　and

grateful　pensioners。　They　do　not　stand　in　this　attitude。　（Roederer；

III。；　472。　Report　on　the　Sénatorerie　of　Caen；　1803。）　…　〃The　returned

émigrés　are　not　friendly　nor　even　satisfied；　their　enjoyment　of　what

they　have　recovered　is　less　than　their　indignation　at　what　they　have

lost。　They　speak　of　the　amnesty　without　gratitude；　and　as　only　partial

justice。　。　。　。　In　other　respects　they　appear　submissive。〃



＇39＇　Duc　de　Rovigo1　〃Memoires。〃　V。；　　297。　Towards　the　end；　large

numbers　of　the　young　nobles　went　into　the　army。　〃In　1812；　there；　was

not　a　marshal；　or　even　a　general；　who　had　not　some　of　these　on　his

staff；　or　as　aids…de…camp。　Nearly　all　the　cavalry　regiments　in　the

army　were　commanded　by　officers　belonging　to　these　families。　They　had

already　attracted　notice　in　the　infantry。　All　these　young　nobles　had

openly　joined　the　emperor　because　they　were　easily　influenced　by　love

of　glory。〃



＇40＇　Madame　de　Rémusat　II。；　299　（1806）：　〃He　began　to　surround　himself

about　this　time　with　so　much　ceremony　that　none　of　us　had　scarcely　any

intimate　relations　with　him。　。　。　。　The　court　became　more　and　more

crowded　and　monotonous；　each　doing　on　the　minute　what　he　had　to　do。

Nobody　thought　of　venturing　outside　the　brief　series　of　ideas　which

are　generated　within　the　restricted　circle　of　the　same　duties。　。　。　。

Increasing　despotism；　。　。　。　fear　of　a　reproof　if　one　failed　in　the

slightest　particular；　silence　kept　by　us　all。　。　。　。　There　was　no

opportunity　to　indulge　emotion　or　interchange　any　observation　of　the

slightest　importance。〃



＇41＇　Roederer；　III。；　　558　（January　1809）。　…　〃The　Modern　Régime；〃　ante；

book　I。；　ch。　II。



＇42＇　Madame　de　Rémusat；　III。；　75；　155：　　〃When　the　minister　of　police

learned　that　jesting　or　malicious　remarks　had　been　made　in　one　of　the

Paris　drawing…rooms　he　at　once　notified　the　master　or　mistress　of　the

house　to　be　more　watchful　of　their　company。〃　…　Ibid。；　p。187　（1807）：

〃The　emperor　censured　M。　Fouché　for　not　having　exercised　stricter

watchfulness。　He　exiled　women；　caused　distinguished　persons　to　be

warned；　and　insinuated　that；　to　avoid　the　consequences　of　his　anger；

steps　must　be　taken　to　show　that　his　power　was　recognized　in　atonement

for　the　faults　committed。　In　consequence　of　these　hints　many　thought

themselves　obliged　to　be　presented。〃　…　Ibid。；　II。；　170；　212；　303。　…　Duc

de　Rovigo；　〃Mémoires；〃　IV。；　311　and　393。　〃Appointed　minister　of

police；　said　he；　I　inspired　everybody　with　fear：　each　packed　up　his

things；　nothing　was　talked　about　but　exiles；　imprisonment　and　worse

still。〃　…　He　took　advantage　of　all　this　to　recommend　〃everybody　on　his

list　who　was　inscribed　as　an　enemy　of　the　government〃　to　be　presented

at　court；　and　all；　in　fact；　except　stubborn　〃grandmothers〃　were

presented。　（Note　that　the　Duc　de　Rovigo　and　the　general　Savary

mentioned　many　times　by　Taine　is　one　and　the　same　person。　Savary　was

the　general　who　organized　the　infamous　kidnapping　and　execution　of　the

Duc　d'Enghien。　He　was　later　made　minister　of　police　（1810…1814）　and

elevated　Duke　of　　Rovigo　by　Napoleon。　SR。）



＇43＇　Madame　de　Sta？l；　〃Considérations　sur　la　révolution　fran？aise〃　and

〃Dix　ans　d'exil。〃　Exile　of　Madame　de　Balbi；　of　Madame　de　Chevreuse；　of

Madame　de　Duras；　of　Madame　d'Aveaux；　of　Madame　de　Sta？l；　of　Madame　de

Récamier；　etc。　…　Duc　de　Rovigo；　Ibid。；　IV。；　389：　〃The　first　exiles

dated　from　1805；　I　think　there　were　fourteen。〃



＇44＇　Roederer；　III。；　472。　（Report　on　the　Sénatorerie　of　Caen；　1803。）

The　nobles　〃have　no　social　relations　either　with　citizens　or　with　the

public　functionaries；　except　with　the　prefect　of　Caen　and　the　general

in　command。　。　。　。　Their　association　with　the　prefect　intimates　their

belief　that　they　might　need　him。　All　pay　their　respects　to　the　general

of　division；　his　mantelpiece　is　strewed　with　visiting…cards。〃



＇45＇　Madame　de　la　Rochejaquelein；　〃Mémoires；〃　423：　〃We　lived　exposed

to　a　tyranny　which　left　us　neither　calm　nor　contentment。　At　one　time　a

spy　was　placed　amongst　our　servants；　at　another　some　of　our　relations

would　be　exiled　far　from　their　homes；　accused　of　exercising　a　charity

which　secured　them　too　much　affection　from　their　neighbors。　Sometimes；

my　husband　would　be　obliged　to　go　to　Paris　to　explain　his　conduct。

Again；　a　hunting…party　would　be　represented　as　a　meeting　of　Vendéans。

Occasionally；　we　were　blamed　for　going　into　Poitou　because　our

influence　was　regarded　as　too　dangerous；　again；　we　were　reproached　for

not　living　there　and　not　exercising　our　influence　in　behalf　of　the

conscription。〃　…　Her　brother…in…law；　Auguste　de　la　Rochejaquelein；

invited　to　take　service　in　the　army　comes　to　Paris　to　present　his

objections。　He　is　arrested；　and　at　the　end　of　two　months　〃the　minister

signifies　to　him　that　he　must　remain　a　prisoner　so　long　as　he　refuses

to　be　a　second…lieutenant。〃



＇46＇　Sénatus…consulte　of　April　26；　1802：　〃Considering　that　this

measure　is　merely　one　of　pardon　to　the　large　number　who　are　always

more　led　astray　than　criminal　。　。　。　the　amnestied　will　remain　for　ten

years　under　a　special　government　surveillance。〃　It　may　oblige　each　one

〃to　leave　his　usual　residence　and　go　to　a　distance　of　twenty　leagues；

and　even　farther　if　circumstances　demand　it。〃



＇47＇　Thiers；　X。；　41。　　（Letter　to　Fouché；　Dec。31；　1808；　not　inserted　in

the　correspondence。）　…　〃The　Modern　Régime；〃　book　I。；　ch。II。



＇48＇　Rocquain；　〃état　de　la　France　au　18　brumaire；〃　pp。33；　189；　190。

（Reports　of　Fran？ais　de　Nantes　and　of　Fourcroy。）　…　〃Statistique

elementaire　de　la　France；〃　by　Peuchet　（according　to　a　statement

published　by　the　minister　of　the　interior；　year　IX）；　p。　260。　…

〃Statistiques　des　préfets；〃　Aube；　by　Aubray；　p。23；　Aisne；　by　Dauchet；

p。87；　Lot…et…Garonne；　by　Pieyre；　p。　45：　〃It　is　during　the　Revolution

that　the　number　of　foundlings　increased　to　this　extraordinary　extent

by　the　too　easy　admission　in　the　asylums　of　girls　who　had　become

mothers；　along　with　their　infants；　through　the　passing　sojourn　of

soldiers　in　their　houses；　through　the　subversion　of　every　principle　of

religion　and　morality。〃　…　Gers；　by　Balguerie：　〃Many　defenders　of　the

country　became　fathers　before　their　departure。　。　。　。　The　soldiers；　on

their　return；　maintained　the　habits　of　their　conquests。　。　。　。　Many　of

the　girls；　besides；　for　lack　of　a　husband　took　a　lover。〃…　Moselle；　by

Coichen；　p。91：　〃Morals　are　more　lax。　In　1789；　at　Metz；　there　are　524

illegitimate　births；　in　the　year　IX；　646；　in　1789；　70　prostitutes；　in

the　year　IX；　260。　There　is　the　same　increase　of　kept　women。〃　…

Peuchet；　〃　Essai　d'une　statistique　générale　de　la　France；〃　year　IX；

p。28。　〃The　number　of　illegitimate　births；　from　one　forty…seventh　in

1780；　increased　to　nearly　one　eleventh　of　the　total　births；　according

to　the　comparative　estimates　of　M。　Necker　and　M。　Mourgue。〃



＇49＇　Rocquam；　ibid。；　p。　93。　（Report　of　Barbé…Marbois。）



＇50＇　〃The　Revolution；〃　III。；　p。416　（note）；　P。471　（note）。　（Laff。　II。

pp。　307…308；　p　348。）



＇51＇　〃Statistiques　des　préfets；〃　Deux…Sèvres；　by　Dupin；　p。　174：

〃Venereal　diseases　which　thanks　to　good　habits。　were　still　unknown　in

the　country　in　1789；　are　now　spread　throughout　the　Bocage　and　in　all

places　where　the　troops　have　sojourned。〃　…　〃Dr。　Delahay；　at　Parthenay

observes　that　the　number　of　maniacs　increased　fright　fully　in　the

Reign　of　Terror。〃　（It　should　be　remembered　that　the　terminal　stage　of

untreated　syphilis　is　madness　and　death。　SR。）



＇52＇　Decrees　of　March　19；　1793；　and　Messidor　23；　year　II。　…　Decrees　of

Brumaire　2；　year　IV；　and　Vendémiaire　16　year　V。



＇53＇　〃Statistiques　des　préfets；〃　Rh？ne；　by　Verminac；　year　X。　Income　of

the　Lyons　Asylums　in　1789；1。510；827　francs；　to…day；　459；371　francs。　…

Indre；　by　Dalphonse；　year　XII。　The　principal　asylum　of　Issoudun；

founded　in　the　twelfth　century；　had　27；939　francs　revenue；　on　which　it

loses　16；232。　Another　asylum；　that　of　the　Incurables；　loses；　on　an

income　of　12；062　francs；　7457　francs。　…　Eure；　by　Masson　Saint…Amand；

year　XIII：　〃14　asylums　and　3　small　charity　establishments　in　the

department；　with　about　100；000　francs　income　in　1789；　have　lost　at

least　60；000　francs　of　it。　…　Vosges；　by　Desgouttes；　year　X：　〃10

asylums　in　the　department。　Most　of　these　have　been　stripped　of　nearly

the　whole　of　their　property　and　capital　on　account　of　the　law　of

Messidor　23；　year　II；　on　the　suspension　of　the　execution　of　this　law；

the　property　had　been　sold　and　the　capital　returned。　…　Cher；　by　Lu？ay：

〃15　asylums　before　the　revolution；　they　remain　almost　wholly　without

resources　through　the　loss　of　their　possessions。　…　Lozère；　by

Jerphaniou；　year　X：　〃The　property　belonging　to　the　asylums；　either　in

real　estate　or　state　securities；　has　passed　into　other　hands。〃　…

Doubs；　analysis　by　Ferrieres：　〃Situation