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the compleat angler(換許寄畠)-及35嫗

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seven or eight inches broad。 He is of a slow motion�察�and usually lies or 

lurks   close   in   the   mud�察  �and   has   a   moveable   string   on   his   head�察  �about   a 

span or near unto a quarter of a yard long�察�by the moving of which�察�which 

is   his   natural   bait�察  �when   he   lies   close   and   unseen   in   the   mud�察  �he   draws 

other smaller fish so close to him�察�that he can suck them into his mouth�察�

and so devours and digests them。; 

     And�察�scholar�察�do not wonder at this�察�for besides the credit of the relator�察�

you are to note�察�many of these�察�and fishes which are of the like and more 

unusual shapes�察�are very often taken on the mouths of our sea rivers�察�and 

on the   sea   shore。 And   this   will   be   no   wonder   to   any  that have   travelled 

Egypt�察  �where�察  �'tis   known�察  �the   famous   river   Nilus   does   not   only   breed 

fishes that yet want names�察�but�察�by the overflowing of that river�察�and the 

help of the sun's heat on the fat slime which the river leaves on the banks 

when it falls back into its natural channel�察�such strange fish and beasts are 

also bred�察�that no man can give a name to�察�as Grotius in his Sopham�察�and 

others�察�have observed。 

     But whither am I strayed in this discourse。 I will end it by telling you�察�

that at the mouth of some of these rivers of ours�察�Herrings are so plentiful�察�

as namely�察�near to Yarmouth in Norfolk�察�and in the west country Pilchers 

so   very   plentiful�察  �as   you   will   wonder   to   read   what   our   learned   Camden 

relates of them in his Britannia。 

     Well�察   �scholar�察  �I  will  stop   here�察  �and   tell  you   what    by   reading   and 

conference I have observed concerning fish´ponds。 



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                The FIFTH day´continued 



                                     Of Fish´Ponds 



                                    Chapter XX 



                                         Piscator 

    DOCTOR LEBAULT�察�the learned Frenchman�察�in his large discourse of 

Maison   Rustique�察  �gives   this   direction   for   making   of   fish´ponds。   I   shall 

refer you to him�察�to read it at large�此�but I think I shall contract it�察�and yet 

make it as useful。 

    He   adviseth�察  �that   when   you   have   drained   the   ground�察  �and   made   the 

earth firm where the head of the pond must be�察�that you must then�察�in that 

place�察  �drive   in   two   or   three   rows   of   oak   or   elm   piles�察  �which   should   be 

scorched in the fire�察�or half´burnt�察�before they be driven into the earth�察�for 

being thus used�察�it preserves them much longer from rotting。 And having 

done so�察 �lay  faggots   or bavins   of   smaller   wood   betwixt   them�此  �and   then�察�

earth   betwixt   and   above   them�此  �and   then�察  �having   first   very   well   rammed 

them and the earth�察�use another pile in like manner as the first were�此�and 

note�察�that the second pile is to be of or about the height that you intend to 

make your sluice or floodgate�察�or the vent that you intend shall convey the 

overflowings of your pond in any flood that shall endanger the breaking of 

your pond´dam。 

     Then he advises�察�that you plant willows or owlers�察�about it�察�or   both�此�

and then cast in bavins�察�in some places not far from the side�察�and in the 

most sandy places�察�for fish both to spawn upon�察�and to defend them and 

the young fry from the many fish�察�and also from vermin�察�that lie at watch 

to destroy them�察�especially the spawn of the Carp and Tench�察�when 'tis left 

to the mercy of ducks or vermin。 

    He�察�and Dubravius�察�and all others advise�察�that you make choice of such 

a place for your pond�察�that it may be refreshed with a little rill�察�or with rain 

water�察�running or falling into it�察�by which fish are more inclined both to 

breed�察�and are also refreshed and fed the better�察�and do prove to be of a 

much sweeter and more pleasant taste。 



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     To which end it is observed�察�that such pools as be large and have most 

gravel�察  �and   shallows   where   fish   may   sport themselves�察�do   afford   fish   of 

the purest taste。 And note�察�that in all pools it is best for fish to have some 

retiring   place�察  �as   namely�察  �hollow   banks�察  �or   shelves�察  �or   roots   of   trees�察  �to 

keep them from danger�察�and�察�when they think fit�察�from the extreme heat of 

summer�察  �as   also   from   the   extremity   of   cold   in   winter。 And   note�察  �that   if 

many trees be growing about your pond�察�the leaves thereof falling into the 

water�察�make it nauseous to the fish�察�and the fish to be so to the eater of it。 

     'Tis   noted�察   �that  the   Tench     and   Eel   love   mud�察   �and    the  Carp    loves 

gravelly ground�察�and in the hot months to feed on grass。 You are to cleanse 

your pond�察�if you intend either profit or pleasure�察�once every three or four 

years�察  �especially   some   ponds�察  �and   then   let   it   dry   six   or   twelve   months�察�

both     to   kill  the   water´weeds�察      �as   water´lilies�察    �can´docks�察     �reate�察  �and 

bulrushes�察�that breed there�察�and also that as these die for want of water�察�so 

grass may grow in the pond's bottom�察�which Carps will eat greedily in all 

the hot months�察�if the pond be clean。 The letting your pond dry and sowing 

oats   in   the   bottom   is   also   good�察  �for   the   fish   feed   the   faster�察  �and   being 

sometimes let dry�察�you may observe what kind of fish either increases or 

thrives best in that water�察�for they differ much�察�both in their breeding and 

feeding。 

     Lebault also advises�察�that if your ponds be not very large and roomy�察�

that you often feed your fish�察�by throwing into them chippings of bread�察�

curds�察�grains�察�or the entrails of chickens or of any fowl or beast that you 

kill to   feed   yourselves�察  �for   these   afford   fish   a   great   relief。   He   says�察  �that 

frogs and ducks do much harm�察�and devour both the spawn and the young 

fry of all fish�察�especially of the Carp�察�and I have�察�besides experience�察�many 

testimonies       of  it。  But    Lebault     allows    water´frogs      to  be   good     meat�察�

especially in some months�察�if they be fat�此�but you are to note�察�that he is a 

Frenchman�察  �and   we   English   will   hardly   believe   him�察  �though   we   know 

frogs are usually eaten in his country�此�however he advises to destroy them 

and   king´fishers   out   of   your   ponds。 And   he   advises   not   to   suffer   much 

shooting      at  wild    fowl�察  �for   that�察 �he   says�察  �affrightens�察   �and    harms�察   �and 

destroys the fish。 

     Note�察�that Carps and Tench thrive and breed best when no other fish is 



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put with them into the same pond�察�for all other fish devour their spawn�察�or 

at least the greatest part of it。 And note�察�that clods of grass thrown into any 

pond feed any Carps in summer�察�and that garden´earth and parsley thrown 

into a pond recovers and refreshes the sick fish。 And note�察�that when you 

store your pond�察�you are to put into it two or three melters for one spawner�察�

if you put them into a breeding´pond�察�but if into a nurse´pond�察�or feeding´ 

pond�察 �in   which they  will   not breed�察 �then   no   care   is to be   taken   whether 

there be most male or female Carps。 

     It is observed that the best ponds to breed Carps are those that be stony 

or   sandy�察  �and   are   warm�察  �and   free   from  wind�察  �and   that   are not   deep�察 �but 

have   willow´trees   and   grass   on   their   sides�察  �over   which   the   water   does 

sometimes flow�此�and note�察�that Carps do more usually breed in marle´ pits�察�

or pits that have clean clay bottoms�察�or in new ponds�察�or ponds that lie dry 

a winter season�察�than in old ponds that be full of mud and weeds。 

     Well�察   �Scholar�察    �I  have   told   you    the   substance     of   all  that  either 

observation   or   discourse�察  �or   a   diligent   survey   of   Dubravius   and   Lebault 

hath told me�此�not that they�察�in their long discourses�察�have not said more�察�

but the most of the rest are so common observations�察�as if a man should 

tell a good arithmetician that twice two is four。 I will therefore put an end 

to this discourse�察�and we will here sit down and rest us。 



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                                THE COMPLEAT ANGLER 



                The FIFTH day´continued 



                                    Chapter XXI 



                                  Piscator and Venator 

     Piscator。 Well�察�Scholar�察�I have held you too long about these cadis�察�and 

smaller fish�察�and rivers�察�and fish´ponds�察�and my spirits are almost spent�察�

and so I doubt is your patience�察�but being we are now almost at Tottenham 

where I first met you�察�and where we are to part�察�I will lose no time�察�but 

give you a little direction how to make and order your lines�察�and to colour 

the hair of which you make your lines�察�for that is very needful to be known 

of   an   angler�察  �and   also   how   to   paint   your   rod�察  �especially   your   top�察  �for   a 

right´grown top is a choice commodity�察�and should be preserved from the 

water soaking into it�察�which makes it in wet weather to be heavy and fish 

ill´favouredly�察�and not true�察�and also it rots quickly for want of painting�此�

and I think a good top is worth preserving�察�or I had not taken care to keep 

a top above twenty years。 

     But first for your Line。 First note�察�that you are to take care that your 

hair be round and clear�察�and free from galls�察�or scabs�察�or frets�此�for a well´ 

chosen�察  �even�察  �clear�察  �round   hair�察  �of   a   kind   of   glass´colour�察  �will   prove   as 

strong as three uneven scabby hairs that are ill´chosen�察�and full of galls or 

unevenness。 You shall seldom find a black hair but it is round�察�but many 

white are flat and uneven�察�therefore�察�if you get a lock of right�察�round�察�clear�察�

glass´colour hair�察�make much of it。 

     And for making your line�察�observe this rule�此�first�察�let your hair be clean 

washed ere you go about to twist it�察�and then choose not only the clearest 

hair for it�察�but hairs that be of an equal bigness�察�for such do usually stretch 

all   together�察  �and   break   all   together�察  �which   hairs   of   an   unequal   bigness 

never do�察�but break singly�察�and so deceive the angler that trusts to them。 

     When you have twisted your links�察�lay them in water for a quarter of 

an hour at least�察�and then twist them over again before you tie them into a 

line�此�for those that do not so shall usually find their line to have a hair or 

two shrink�察�and be shorter than the 

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