the ancien regime(硬汚妖)-及13嫗
梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ○ 賜 ★ 辛酔堀貧和鍬匈��梓囚徒貧議 Enter 囚辛指欺云慕朕村匈��梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ● 辛指欺云匈競何��
!!!!隆堋響頼��紗秘慕禰厮宴和肝写偬堋響��
of many a guillotinade and fusillade�察�as yet explained only on the ground
of madnessan hypothesis which ��as we do not yet in the least understand
what madness is�� is no explanation at all。
An age of decay�察�incoherence�察�and makeshift�察�varnish and gilding upon
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worm´eaten furniture�察 �and mouldering wainscot�察 �was that same Ancien
Regime。 And for that very reason a picturesque age�察�like one of its own
landscapes。 A picturesque bit of uncultivated mountain�察�swarming with
the prince's game�察�a picturesque old robber schloss above�察�now in ruins�察�
and below�察�perhaps�察�the picturesque new schloss�察�with its French fountains
and gardens�察�French nymphs of marble�察�and of flesh and blood likewise�察�
which the prince has partially paid for�察 �by selling a few hundred young
men to the English to fight the Yankees。 The river�察�too�察�is picturesque�察�
for the old bridge has not been repaired since it was blown up in the Seven
Years' War�察�and there is but a single lazy barge floating down the stream�察�
owing to the tolls and tariffs of his Serene Highness�察 �the village is
picturesque�察�for the flower of the young men are at the wars�察�and the place
is tumbling down�察 �and the two old peasants in the foreground�察 �with the
single goat and the hamper of vine´ twigs�察�are very picturesque likewise�察�
for they are all in rags。
How sad to see the picturesque element eliminated�察 �and the quiet
artistic beauty of the scene destroyed��to have steamers puffing up and
down the river�察�and a railroad hurrying along its banks the wealth of the
Old World�察�in exchange for the wealth of the Newor hurrying�察�it may be�察�
whole regiments of free and educated citizen´ soldiers�察 �who fight�察 �they
know for what。 How sad to see the alto schloss desecrated by tourists�察�
and the neue schloss converted into a cold´water cure。 How sad to see
the village�察�church and all�察�built up again brand´new�察�and whitewashed to
the very steeple´top�察�a new school at the town´enda new crucifix by the
wayside。 How sad to see the old folk well clothed in the fabrics of
England or Belgium�察 �doing an easy trade in milk and fruit�察 �because the
land they till has become their own�察�and not the prince's�察�while their sons
are thriving farmers on the prairies of the far West。 Very unpicturesque�察�
no doubt�察�is wealth and progress�察�peace and safety�察�cleanliness and comfort。
But they possess advantages unknown to the Ancien Regime�察�which was�察�
if nothing else�察�picturesque。 Men could paint amusing and often pretty
pictures of its people and its places。
Consider that word�察 �picturesque。; It�察�and the notion of art which it
expresses�察 �are the children of the Ancien Regimeof the era of decay。
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The healthy�察�vigorous�察�earnest�察�progressive Middle Age never dreamed of
admiring�察 �much less of painting�察 �for their own sake�察 �rags and ruins�察 �the
fashion sprang up at the end of the seventeenth century�察 �it lingered on
during the first quarter of our century�察 �kept alive by the reaction from
1815´25。 It is all but dead now�察 �before the return of vigorous and
progressive thought。 An admirer of the Middle Ages now does not build
a sham ruin in his grounds�察�he restores a church�察�blazing with colour�察�like
a medieval illumination。 He has learnt to look on that which went by the
name of picturesque in his great´grandfather's time�察�as an old Greek or a
Middle Age monk would have doneas something squalid�察�ugly�察�a sign of
neglect�察 �disease�察 �death�察 �and therefore to be hated and abolished�察 �if it
cannot be restored。 At Carcassone�察 �now�察 �M。 Viollet´le´Duc�察 �under the
auspices of the Emperor of the French�察�is spending his vast learning�察�and
much money�察�simply in abolishing the picturesque�察�in restoring stone for
stone�察�each member of that wonderful museum of Middle Age architecture�此�
Roman�察�Visigothic�察�Moslem�察�Romaine�察�Early English�察�later French�察�all is
being reproduced exactly as it must have existed centuries since。 No
doubt that is not the highest function of art�此 �but it is a preparation for the
highest�察�a step toward some future creative school。 As the early Italian
artists�察 �by careful imitation�察 �absorbed into their minds the beauty and
meaning of old Greek and Roman art�察�so must the artists of our days by
the art of the Middle Age and the Renaissance。 They must learn to copy�察�
before they can learn to surpass�察�and�察�meanwhile�察�they must learnindeed
they have learntthat decay is ugliness�察 �and the imitation of decay�察 �a
making money out of the public shame。
The picturesque sprang up�察�as far as I can discover�察�suddenly�察�during
the time of exhaustion and recklessness which followed the great struggles
of the sixteenth century。 Salvator Rosa and Callot�察 �two of the earliest
professors of picturesque art�察 �have never been since surpassed。 For
indeed�察�they drew from life。 The rags and the ruins�察�material�察�and alas� �
spiritual�察�were all around them�察�the lands and the creeds alike lay waste。
There was ruffianism and misery among the masses of Europe�察 �unbelief
and artificiality among the upper classes�察�churches and monasteries defiled�察�
cities sacked�察�farmsteads plundered and ruinate�察�and all the wretchedness
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which Callot has immortalisedfor a warning to evil rulersin his Miseres
de la Guerre。 The world was all gone wrong�此 �but as for setting it right
againwho could do that�拭 �And so men fell into a sentimental regret for
the past�察 �and its beauties�察 �all exaggerated by the foreshortening of time�察�
while they wanted strength or faith to reproduce it。 At last they became
so accustomed to the rags and ruins�察 �that they looked on them as the
normal condition of humanity�察�as the normal field for painters。
Only now and then�察 �and especially toward the latter half of the
eighteenth century�察 �when thought began to revive�察 �and men dreamed of
putting the world to rights once more�察�there rose before them glimpses of
an Arcadian ideal。 Country lifethe primaeval calling of menhow
graceful and pure it might be� �How gracefulif not pureit once had
been� �The boors of Teniers and the beggars of Murillo might be true to
present fact�察�but there was a fairer ideal�察�which once had been fact�察�in the
Eclogues of Theocritus�察 �and the Loves of Daphnis and Chloe。 And so
men took to dreaming of shepherds and shepherdesses�察�and painting them
on canvas�察 �and modelling them in china�察 �according to their cockney
notions of what they had been once�察�and always ought to be。 We smile
now at Sevres and Dresden shepherdesses�察 �but the wise man will surely
see in them a certain pathos。 They indicated a craving after something
better than boorishness�察�and the many men and women may have become
the gentler and purer by looking even at them�察 �and have said sadly to
themselves�此 �Such might have been the peasantry of half Europe�察�had it
not been for devastations of the Palatinate�察 �wars of succession�察 �and the
wicked wills of emperors and kings。;
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LECTURE IIITHE EXPLOSIVE
FORCES
In a former lecture in this Institution�察�I said that the human race owed
more to the eighteenth century than to any century since the Christian era。
It may seem a bold assertion to those who value duly the century which
followed the revival of Greek literature�察�and consider that the eighteenth
century was but the child�察 �or rather grandchild�察 �thereof。 But I must
persist in my opinion�察 �even though it seem to be inconsistent with my
description of the very same era as one of decay and death。 For side by
side with the death�察�there was manifold fresh birth�察�side by side with the
decay there was active growth��side by side with them�察�fostered by them�察�
though generally in strong opposition to them�察 �whether conscious or
unconscious。 We must beware�察�however�察�of trying to find between that
decay and that growth a bond of cause and effect where there is really
none。 The general decay may have determined the course of many men's
thoughts�察�but it no more set them thinking than ��as I have heard said�� the
decay of the Ancien Regime produced the new Regimea loose metaphor�察�
which�察�like all metaphors�察�will not hold water�察�and must not be taken for a
philosophic truth。 That would be to confess manwhat I shall never
confess him to bethe creature of circumstances�察�it would be to fall into
the same fallacy of spontaneous generation as did the ancients�察�when they
believed that bees were bred from the carcass of a dead ox。 In the first
place�察�the bees were no bees�察�but fliesunless when some true swarm of
honey bees may have taken up their abode within the empty ribs�察 �as
Samson's bees did in that of the lion。 But bees or flies�察�each sprang from
an egg�察�independent of the carcass�察�having a vitality of its own�此 �it was
fostered by the carcass it fed on during development�察�but bred from it it
was not�察 �any more than Marat was bred from the decay of the Ancien
Regime。 There are flies which�察 �by feeding on putridity�察 �become
poisonous themselves�察�as did Marat�此�but even they owe their vitality and
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organisation to something higher than that on which they feed�察�and each of
them�察�how