the ancien regime(硬汚妖)-及12嫗
梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ○ 賜 ★ 辛酔堀貧和鍬匈��梓囚徒貧議 Enter 囚辛指欺云慕朕村匈��梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ● 辛指欺云匈競何��
!!!!隆堋響頼��紗秘慕禰厮宴和肝写偬堋響��
not only with them�察 �but with the ideal queen who should have been the
helpmeet of the ideal king。
To those who believe that the world is governed by a living God�察 �it
may seem strange�察 �at first sight�察 �that this moral anarchy was allowed to
endure�察 �that the avenging�察 �and yet most purifying storm of the French
Revolution�察�inevitable from Louis XIV。's latter years�察�was not allowed to
burst two generations sooner than it did。 Is not the answerthat the
question always is not of destroying the world�察�but of amending it�拭 �And
that amendment must always come from within�察 �and not from without�拭�
That men must be taught to become men�察 �and mend their world
themselves�拭 �To educate men into self´ governmentthat is the purpose
of the government of God�察�and some of the men of the eighteenth century
did not learn that lesson。 As the century rolled on�察�the human mind arose
out of the slough in which Le Sage found it�察�into manifold and beautiful
activity�察�increasing hatred of shams and lies�察�increasing hunger after truth
and usefulness。 With mistakes and confusions innumerable they worked�此�
but still they worked�察�planting good seed�察�and when the fire of the French
Revolution swept over the land�察�it burned up the rotten and the withered�察�
only to let the fresh herbage spring up from underneath。
But that purifying fire was needed。 If we inquire why the many
attempts to reform the Ancien Regime�察 �which the eighteenth century
witnessed�察 �were failures one and all�察 �why Pombal failed in Portugal�察�
Aranda in Spain�察�Joseph II。 in Austria�察�Ferdinand and Caroline in Naples
for these last�察�be it always remembered�察�began as humane and enlightened
sovereigns�察 �patronising liberal opinions�察 �and labouring to ameliorate the
condition of the poor�察 �till they were driven by the murder of Marie
Antoinette into a paroxysm of rage and terror why�察�above all�察�Louis XVI。�察�
who attempted deeper and wiser reforms than any other sovereign�察�failed
more disastrously than anyis not the answer this�察�that all these reforms
would but have cleansed the outside of the cup and the platter�察�while they
left the inside full of extortion and excess�拭 �It was not merely institutions
which required to be reformed�察�but men and women。 The spirit of ;Gil
Blas; had to be cast out。 The deadness�察 �selfishness�察 �isolation of men's
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souls�察 �their unbelief in great duties�察 �great common causes�察 �great self´
sacrificesin a word�察�their unbelief in God�察�and themselves�察�and mankind´
´all that had to be reformed�察 �and till that was done all outward reform
would but have left them�察�at best�察�in brute ease and peace�察�to that soulless
degradation�察�which ��as in the Byzantine empire of old�察�and seeming in the
Chinese empire of to´ day�� hides the reality of barbarism under a varnish
of civilisation。 Men had to be awakened�察 �to be taught to think for
themselves�察 �act for themselves�察 �to dare and suffer side by side for their
country and for their children�察�in a word�察�to arise and become men once
more。
And�察�what is more�察�men had to punishto avenge。 Those are fearful
words。 But there is�察 �in this God´guided universe�察 �a law of retribution�察�
which will find men out�察�whether men choose to find it out or not�察�a law of
retribution�察 �of vengeance inflicted justly�察 �though not necessarily by just
men。 The public executioner was seldom a very estimable personage�察�at
least under the old Regime�察�and those who have been the scourges of God
have been�察�in general�察�mere scourges�察�and nothing better�察�smiting blindly�察�
rashly�察�confusedly�察�confounding too often the innocent with the guilty�察�till
they have seemed only to punish crime by crime�察�and replace old sins by
new。 But�察�however insoluble�察�however saddening that puzzle be�察�I must
believeas long as I believe in any God at allthat such men as
Robespierre were His instruments�察�even in their crimes。
In the case of the French Revolution�察�indeed�察�the wickedness of certain
of its leaders was part of the retribution itself。 For the noblesse existed
surely to make men better。 It did�察�by certain classes�察�the very opposite。
Therefore it was destroyed by wicked men�察 �whom it itself had made
wicked。 For over and above all political�察�economic�察�social wrongs�察�there
were wrongs personal�察 �human�察 �dramatic�察 �which stirred not merely the
springs of covetousness or envy�察�or even of a just demand for the freedom
of labour and enterprise�此 �but the very deepest springs of rage�察�contempt�察�
and hate�察�wrongs which caused�察�as I believe�察�the horrors of the Revolution。
It is notorious how many of the men most deeply implicated in those
horrors were of the artist classby which I signify not merely painters and
sculptorsas the word artist has now got�察�somewhat strangely�察�to signify�察�
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at least in Englandbut what the French meant by ARTISTESproducers
of luxuries and amusements�察�play´ actors�察�musicians�察�and suchlike�察�down
to that ;distracted peruke´ maker with two fiery torches�察─ �who�察 �at the
storm of the Bastile�察 �was for burning the saltpetres of the Arsenal�察�had not
a woman run screaming�察�had not a patriot�察�with some tincture of natural
philosophy�察�instantly struck the wind out of him�察�with butt of musket on
pit of stomach�察�overturned the barrels�察�and stayed the devouring element。;
The distracted peruke´maker may have had his wrongsperhaps such a
one as that of poor Triboulet the fool�察�in ;Le Roi s'amuse;and his own
sound reasons for blowing down the Bastile�察�and the system which kept it
up。
For these very ministers of luxurythen miscalled artfrom the
periwig´maker to the play´actorwho like them had seen the frivolity�察�the
baseness�察�the profligacy�察�of the rulers to whose vices they pandered�察�whom
they despised while they adored� �Figaro himself may have looked up to
his master the Marquis as a superior being as long as the law enabled the
Marquis to send him to the Bastile by a lettre de cachet�察�yet Figaro may
have known and seen enough to excuse him�察�when lettres de cachet were
abolished�察 �for handing the Marquis over to a Comite de Salut Public。
Disappointed play´actors�察 �like Collet d'Herbois�察 �disappointed poets�察 �like
Fabre d'Olivet�察�were�察�they say�察�especially ferocious。 Why not�拭�Ingenious�察�
sensitive spirits�察 �used as lap´dogs and singing´birds by men and women
whom they felt to be their own flesh and blood�察 �they had�察 �it may be�察 �a
juster appreciation of the actual worth of their patrons than had our own
Pitt and Burke。 They had played the valet�此�and no man was a hero to
them。 They had seen the nobleman expose himself before his own helots�此�
they would try if the helot was not as good as the nobleman。 The
nobleman had played the mountebank�此 �why should not the mountebank�察�
for once�察 �play the nobleman�拭 �The nobleman's God had been his five
senses�察�with ��to use Mr。 Carlyle's phrase�� the sixth sense of vanity�此 �why
should not the mountebank worship the same God�察�like Carriere at Nantes�察�
and see what grace and gifts he too might obtain at that altar�拭�
But why so cruel�拭 �Because�察 �with many of these men�察 �I more than
suspect�察�there were wrongs to be avenged deeper than any wrongs done to
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the sixth sense of vanity。 Wrongs common to them�察 �and to a great
portion of the respectable middle class�察�and much of the lower class�此 �but
wrongs to which they and their families�察�being most in contact with the
noblesse�察�would be especially exposed�察�namely�察�wrongs to women。
Everyone who knows the literature of that time�察 �must know what I
mean�此 �what had gone on for more than a century�察�it may be more than
two�察 �in France�察 �in Italy�察 �andI am sorry to have to say itGermany
likewise。 All historians know what I mean�察�and how enormous was the
evil。 I only wonder that they have so much overlooked that item in the
causes of the Revolution。 It seems to me to have been more patent and
potent in the sight of men�察�as it surely was in the sight of Almighty God�察�
than all the political and economic wrongs put together。 They might
have issued in a change of dynasty or of laws。 That�察�issued in the blood of
the offenders。 Not a girl was enticed into Louis XV。's Petit Trianon�察�or
other den of aristocratic iniquity�察 �but left behind her�察 �parents nursing
shame and sullen indignation�察�even while they fingered the ill´gotten price
of their daughter's honour�察 �and left behind also�察 �perhaps�察 �some unhappy
boy of her own class�察 �in whom disappointment and jealousy were
transformedand who will blame him��into righteous indignation�察�and a
very sword of God�察�all the more indignant�察�and all the more righteous�察�if
education helped him to see�察�that the maiden's acquiescence�察�her pride in
her own shame�察�was the ugliest feature in the whole crime�察�and the most
potent reason for putting an end�察�however fearful�察�to a state of things in
which such a fate was thought an honour and a gain�察�and not a disgrace
and a ruin�察 �in which the most gifted daughters of the lower classes had
learnt to think it more noble to becomethat which they becamethan the
wives of honest men。
If you will read fairly the literature of the Ancien Regime�察�whether in
France or elsewhere�察 �you will see that my facts are true。 If you have
human hearts in you�察�you will see in them�察�it seems to me�察�an explanation
of many a guillotinade and fusillade�察�as yet explained only on the ground
of madnessan hypothesis which ��as we d