cyropaedia-第36章

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Xenophon's　view；　which　is　probably　Hellenic。　Cyrus　now　has　the
opportunity　of　carrying　out　the　selfish　decalogue；　the　topsy…turvy
morality　set　forth　in　I。　C。6；　C。26　ff。

C3。13。　Cf。　Old　Testament　for　the　sort　of　subterfuges　and　preparations；
e。g。　the　Gibeonites。

C3。15。　The　archic　man　has　no　time。　Cyrus　｛ou　skholazei｝。　Cf。　J。　P。　It
comes　from　energy　combined　with　high　gifts　of　organisation；　economic；
architectonic。

C3。19。　Nice；　I　think；　this　contrasting　of　spiritual　and　natural
productiveness。

C3。32。　Here　is　the　rule　of　conduct　clearly　expressed；　nor　do　I　see　how
a　military　age　could　frame　for　itself　any　other。　Christianity　only
emerged　/sub　pace　Romana/；　which　for　fraternal　brotherhood　was　the
fullness　of　time；　and　even　in　the　commercial　age　the　nations　tumble
back　practically　into　the　old　system。

C3。36　ff。　An　army　on　forced　march：　are　there　any　novelties　here？

C3。53。　These　minute　details　probably　not　boring　at　the　time；　but
interesting　rather；　perhaps　useful。

C4。13。　Cyrus　resembles　Fawcett　in　his　unselfish　self…estimate。　Gadatas
is　like　the　British　public；　or　hgd。

C4。16。　Here　we　feel　that　the　Assyrian　is　not　a　mere　weakling：　he　can
play　his　part　well　enough　if　he　gets　a　good　chance。　It　needs　an　Archic
and　Strategic　Man　to　overpower　him。

C4。17。　ANCIENT　and　MODERN　parallelism　in　treatment　of　wounded。

C4。24。　Hellenic　war　ethics：　non…combatant　tillers　of　the　soil　to　be
let　alone。　Is　this　a　novelty？　If　not；　what　is　the　prototype？　Did　the
modern　rights　of　non…combatants　so　originate？

C4。27；　fin。　A　touch　which　gives　the　impression　of　real　history：　that
is　the　art　of　it。

C4。34。　Almost　autobiographical：　the　advantage　of　having　a　country　seat
in　the　neighbourhood　of　a　big　town。　Here　we　feel　the　MODERNISM　of
XENOPHON。　The　passage　which　Stevenson　chose　for　the　motto　to　his
/Silverado　Squatters/　would　suit　Xenophon　very　well　（Cicero；　De　Off。
I。　xx。）。　Xenophon　｜｜　Alfred　Tennyson。　＇Mr。　Dakyns　used　the　geometric
sign　｜｜　to　indicate　parallelism　of　any　sort。　The　passage　from　Cicero
might　be　translated　thus：　〃Some　have　lived　in　the　country；　content
with　the　happiness　of　home。　These　men　have　enjoyed　all　that　kings
could　claim；　needing　nothing；　under　the　dominion　of　no　man；
untrammelled　and　in　freedom；　for　the　free　man　lives　as　he　chooses。〃＇

C4。36。　The　wicked　man　as　conceived　in　Hellenico…Xenophontine　fashion；
charged　with　the　spirit　of　meanness；　envy；　and　hatred；　which　cannot
brook　the　existence　of　another　better　than　itself。

C4。38。　A　nice　touch：　we　learn　to　know　Gadatas　and　Xenophon　also；　and
the　Hellenic　mind。

C5。10。　Pathos　well　drawn：　/vide/　Richard　II。　and　Bolingbroke。
Euripidean　quality。

C5。12。　The　archic　man　has　got　so　far　he　can　play　the　part　of
intercessor　between　Cyaxares　and　his　Medes。　The　discussion　involves
the　whole　difficulty　of　suppression　（〃he　must　increase；　but　I　must
decrease〃　is　one　solution；　not　touched　here）。

C5。34。　Perhaps　this　is　the　very　point　which　Xenophon；　Philosopher；
wishes　to　bring　out；　the　pseudo…archic　man　and　the　archic　man
contrasted；　but　Xenophon；　lover　of　man　and　artist；　draws　the　situation
admirably　and　truthfully　without　any　doctrinal　purpose。　It　is
｛anthropinon｝　human　essentially；　this　jealousy　and　humiliation　of
spirit。

C5。35。　Cyrus'　tone　of　voice　and　manner　must　have　some　compelling　charm
in　them：　the　dialectic　debate　is　not　pursued；　but　by　a　word　and　look
the　archic　man　wins　his　way。

C5。36。　Oriental　and　antique　Hellenic；　also　/modern/；　formalities。　I
can　imagine　some　of　those　crowned　heads；　emperors　of　Germany　and
Austria；　going　through　similar　ceremonies；　walking　arm…in…arm；　kissing
on　both　cheeks　fraternally；　etc。

C5。39…40。　This　reveals　the　incorrigible　weakness　of　Cyaxares。　He　can
never　hold　his　own　against　the　archic　man。　As　a　matter　of　philosophic
〃historising；〃　probably　Xenophon　conceives　the　Median　element　as　the
corrupting　and　sapping　one　in　the　Persian　empire　（/vide/　Epilogue）；
only　he　to　some　extent　justifies　and　excuses　Cyrus　in　his　imitations
of　it。　That　is　a　difficulty。

C5。41。　The　archic　man　shows　self…command　again：　his　energy　somewhat
relieves　ignobler　actors　of　responsibility　and　so　far　saps　their
wills。　His　up…and…doingness　a　foil　to　their　indolence。



　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　BOOK　VI

＇C。1＇　So　the　day　ended；　and　they　supped　and　went　to　rest。　But　early
the　next　morning　all　the　allies　flocked　to　Cyaxares'　gates；　and　while
Cyaxares　dressed　and　adorned　himself；　hearing　that　a　great　multitude
were　waiting；　Cyrus　gave　audience　to　the　suitors　his　own　friends　had
brought。　First　came　the　Cadousians；　imploring　him　to　stay；　and　then
the　Hyrcanians；　and　after　them　the　Sakians；　and　then　some　one
presented　Gobryas；　and　Hystaspas　brought　in　Gadatas　the　eunuch；　whose
entreaty　was　still　the　same。　＇2＇　At　that　Cyrus；　who　knew　already　that
for　many　a　day　Gadatas　had　been　half…dead　with　fear　lest　the　army
should　be　disbanded；　laughed　outright　and　said；　〃Ah；　Gadatas；　you
cannot　conceal　it：　you　have　been　bribed　by　my　friend　Hystaspas　to　take
this　view。〃

＇3＇　But　Gadatas　lifted　up　his　hands　to　heaven　and　swore　most　solemnly
that　Hystaspas　had　not　influenced　him。

〃Nay；〃　said　he；　〃it　is　because　I　know　myself　that；　if　you　depart；　I　am
ruined　utterly。　And　therefore　it　was　that　I　took　it　upon　me　to　speak
with　Hystaspas　myself；　and　ask　him　if　he　knew　what　was　in　your　mind
about　the　disbanding　of　the　army。〃

＇4＇　And　Cyrus　said；　〃It　would　be　unjust　then；　I　suppose；　to　lay　the
blame　on　Hystaspas。〃　〃Yes；　Cyrus；　most　unjust；〃　said　Hystaspas；　〃for　I
only　said　to　Gadatas　that　it　would　be　impossible　for　you　to　carry　on
the　campaign；　as　your　father　wanted　you　home；　and　had　sent　for　you。〃

＇5＇　〃What？〃　cried　Cyrus；　〃you　dared　to　let　that　be　known　whether　I
wished　it　or　not？〃

〃Certainly　I　did；〃　he　answered；　〃for　I　can　see　that　you　are　mad　to　be
home　in　Persia；　the　cynosure　of　every　eye；　telling　your　father　how　you
wrought　this　and　accomplished　that。〃

〃Well；〃　said　Cyrus；　〃are　you　not　longing　to　go　home　yourself？〃

〃No；〃　said　the　other。　〃I　am　not。　Nor　have　I　any　intention　of　going：
here　I　shall　stay　and　be　general…in…chief　until　I　make　our　friend
Gadatas　the　lord　and　the　Assyrian　his　slave。〃

＇6＇　Thus　half　in　jest　and　half　in　earnest　they　played　with　one
another；　and　meanwhile　Cyaxares　had　finished　adorning　himself　and　came
forth　in　great　splendour　and　solemnity；　and　sat　down　on　a　Median
throne。　And　when　all　were　assembled　and　silence　was　proclaimed；
Cyaxares　said：

〃My　friends　and　allies；　perhaps；　since　I　am　present　and　older　than
Cyrus；　it　is　suitable　that　I　should　address　you　first。　It　appears　to
me　that　the　moment　has　come　to　discuss　one　question　before　all　others；
the　question　whether　we　ought　to　go　on　with　the　campaign　or　disband
the　army。　Be　pleased；〃　he　added；　〃to　state　your　opinions　on　the
matter。〃

＇7＇　Then　the　leader　of　the　Hyrcanians　stood　up　at　once　and　said：

〃Friends　and　allies；　I　hardly　think　that　words　are　needed　when　facts
themselves　show　us　the　path　to　take。　All　of　us　know　that　while　we
stand　together　we　give　our　enemy　more　trouble　than　we　get：　but　when　we
stood　alone　it　was　they　who　dealt　with　us　as　they　liked　best　and　we
liked　least。〃

＇8＇　Then　the　Cadousian　followed。

〃The　less　we　talk；〃　said　he；　〃about　breaking…up　and　going　home
separately　the　better；　separation　has　done　us　anything　but　good；　it
seems　to　me；　even　on　the　march。　My　men　and　I；　at　any　rate；　very　soon
paid　the　penalty　for　private　excursions；　as　I　dare　say　you　have　not
forgotten。〃

＇9＇　Upon　that　Artabazus　rode；　the　Mede　who　had　claimed　kinship　with
Cyrus　in　the　old　days。

〃Cyaxares；〃　said　he；　〃in　one　respect　I　differ　from　those　who　have
spoken　before　me：　they　think　we　should　stay　here　in　order　to　go　on
with　the　campaign；　but　I　think　I　am　always　on　campaign　at　home。　＇10＇　I
was　for　ever　out　on　some　expedition　or　other；　because　our　people　were
being　harried；　or　our　fortresses　threatened；　and　a　world　of　trouble　I
had；　what　with　fears　within　and　fighting　without；　and　all　too　at　my
own　expense。　As　it　is　now；　I　occupy　the　enemy's　forts；　my　fear　of　them
is　gone；　I　make　good　cheer　on　their　own　good　things；　and　I　drink　their
own　good　wine。　Since　home　means　fighting　and　service　here　means
feasting；　I　am　not　in　favour　myself；〃　said　he；　〃of　breaking　up　the
company。〃

＇11＇　Then　Gobryas　spoke。

〃Friends；〃　said　he；　〃I　have　trusted　Cyrus'　word　and　had　no　fault　to
find　with　him：　what　he　promises　that　he　performs：　but　if　he　leaves　the
country　now；　the　Assyrian　will　be　reprieved；　he　will　never　be　punished
for　the　wrongs　he　tried　to　inflict　on　you　and　did　inflict　on　me：　I
shall　be　punished　instead；　because　I　have　been　your　friend。〃

＇12＇　At　that　Cyrus　rose　at　last　and　said：

〃Gentlemen；　I　am　well　aware　that　the　disbanding　of　our　forces　must
mean　the　decrease　of　our　power　and　the　increase　of　theirs。　If　some　of
them　have　given　up　their　weapons；　they　will　soon　procure　others；　if
some　have　lost　their　horses；　the　loss　will　soon　be　made　good；　if　some
have　fallen　in　battle；　others；　younger　and　stronger；　will　take　their
place。　We　need　not　be　surprised　if　they　are　soon　in　a　condition　to
cause　us　trouble　again。　＇13＇　Why；　then；　did　I　ask　Cyaxares　to　put　the
question　to　debate？　Because；　I　answer；　I　am　afraid　of　the　future。　I
see　opponents　against　us　whom　we　cannot　fight；　if　we　conduct　the
campaign　as　we　are　doing　now。　＇14＇　Winter　is　advancing　against　us；　and
though　we　may　have　shelter　for　ourselves　we　have　nothing；　heaven
knows；　for　our　horses　and　our　servants　and　the　great　mass　of　our
soldiery；　without　whom　we　cannot　even　think　of　a　campaign。　As　to
provisions；　up　to　the　limits　of　our　advance　and　because　of　that
advance　they　have　been　exhausted；　and　beyond　that　line；　owing　to　the
terror　we　inspire；　the　inhabitants　will　have　stowed　their　supplies
away　in　strong　places　where　they　can　enjoy　them　and　we　cannot　get
them。　＇15＇　Where　is　the　warrior；　stout　of　heart　and　strong　of　will；
who　can　wage　war　with　cold　and　hunger？　If　our　style　of　soldiering　is
to　be　only　what　it　has　been；　I　say　we　ought　to　disband　at　once　of　our
own　accord；　and　not　wait　to　be　driven　from　the　field　against　our　will
by　sheer　lack　of　means。　If　we　do　wish　to　go　forward；　this　is　what　we
must　do：　we　must　detach　from　the　enemy　all　the　fortresses　we　can　and
secure　all　we　can　for　our　own：　if　this　is　done；　the　larger　supply　will
be　in　the　hands　of　those　who　can　stow　away　the　larger　store；　and　the
weaker　will　suffer　siege。　＇16＇　At　present　we　are　like　mariners　on　the
ocean：　they　may　sail　on　for　ever；　but　the　seas　they　have　crossed　are
no　more　theirs　than　those　that　are　still　unsailed。　But　if　we　hold　the
fortresses；　the　enemy　will　find　they　are　living　in　a　hostile　land；
while　we　have　halcyon　weather。　＇17＇　Some　of　you　may　dread　the　thought
of　garrison　duty　far　from　home；　if　so；　dispel　your　doubts。　We
Persians；　who　must；　as　it　is；　be　exiles　for　the　time；　will　undertake
the　positions　that　are　nearest　to　the　foe；　while　it　will　be　for　you　to
occupy　the　land　on　the　marches　between　Assyria　and　yourselves　and　put
it　under　tillage。　＇18＇　For；　if　we　can　hold　his　inner　line；　your　peace
will　not　be　disturbed　in　the　outlying　parts：　he　will　scarcely　neglect
the　danger　at　his　door　to　attack　you　out　in　the　di