cyropaedia-第35章

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of　yours　were　to　do　so　much　for　your　own　followers；　men　you　kept　to
guard　you　and　to　fight　for　you；　that　they　would　rather　serve　in　his
train　than　yours；　would　you　be　grateful　to　him　for　his　kindness？　＇30＇
Or　let　me　take　the　tenderest　of　human　ties：　suppose　a　friend　of　yours
paid　court　to　the　wife　of　your　bosom　so　that　in　the　end　he　made　her
love　him　more　than　yourself；　would　he　rejoice　your　heart　by　his
courtesy？　Far　from　it；　I　trow；　he　who　did　this；　you　would　say；　did　you
the　greatest　wrong　in　all　the　world。　＇31＇　And　now；　to　come　nearest　to
my　own　case；　suppose　some　one　paid　such　attention　to　your　Persians
that　they　learnt　to　follow　him　instead　of　you；　would　you　reckon　that
man　your　friend？　No；　but　a　worse　enemy　than　if　he　had　slain　a
thousand。　＇32＇　Or　again；　say　you　spoke　in　all　friendship　to　a　friend
and　bade　him　take　what　he　wished；　and　straightway　he　took　all　he　could
lay　hands　on　and　carried　it　off；　and　so　grew　rich　with　your　wealth；
and　you　were　left　in　utter　poverty；　could　you　say　that　friend　was
altogether　blameless？　＇33＇　And　I；　Cyrus；　I　feel　that　you　have　treated
me；　if　not　in　that　way；　yet　in　a　way　exactly　like　it。　What　you　say　is
true　enough：　I　did　allow　you　to　take　what　you　liked　and　go；　and　you
took　the　whole　of　my　power　and　went；　leaving　me　desolate；　and　to…day
you　bring　the　spoil　you　have　won　with　my　forces；　and　lay　it　so　grandly
at　my　feetmagnificent！　And　you　make　my　country　great　through　the
help　of　my　own　might；　while　I　have　no　part　or　lot　in　the　performance；
but　must　step　in　at　the　end；　like　a　woman；　to　receive　your　favours；
while　in　the　eyes　of　all　men；　not　least　my　faithful　subjects　yonder；
you　are　the　man；　and　II　am　not　fit　to　wear　a　crown。　＇34＇　Are　these；
I　ask　you；　Cyrus；　are　these　the　deeds　of　a　benefactor？　Nay；　had　you
been　kind　as　you　are　kin；　above　all　else　you　would　have　been　careful
not　to　rob　me　of　my　dignity　and　honour。　What　advantage　is　it　to　me　for
my　lands　to　be　made　broad　if　I　myself　am　dishonoured？　When　I　ruled　the
Medes；　I　ruled　them　not　because　I　was　stronger　than　all　of　them；　but
because　they　themselves　thought　that　our　race　was　in　all　things　better
than　theirs。〃

＇35＇　But　while　he　was　still　speaking　Cyrus　broke　in　on　his　words；
crying：

〃Uncle　of　mine；　by　the　heaven　above　us；　if　I　have　ever　shown　you　any
kindness；　be　kind　to　me　now。　Do　not　find　fault　with　me　any　more；　wait；
and　put　me　to　the　test；　and　learn　how　I　feel　towards　you；　and　if　you
see　that　what　I　have　done　has　really　brought　you　good；　then；　when　I
embrace　you；　embrace　me　in　return　and　call　me　your　benefactor；　and　if
not；　you　may　blame　me　as　you　please。〃

＇36＇　〃Perhaps；〃　answered　Cyaxares；　〃you　are　right。　I　will　do　as　you
wish。〃

〃Then　I　may　kiss　you？〃　said　Cyrus。

〃Yes；　if　it　pleases　you。　〃And　you　will　not　turn　aside　as　you　did　just
now？〃　〃No；　I　will　not　turn　aside。〃　And　he　kissed　him。

＇37＇　And　when　the　Medes　saw　it　and　the　Persians　and　all　the　allies
for　all　were　watching　to　see　how　matters　would　shapejoy　came　into
their　hearts　and　gladness　lit　up　their　faces。　Then　Cyrus　and　Cyaxares
mounted　their　horses　and　rode　back；　and　the　Medes　fell　in　behind
Cyaxares；　at　a　nod　from　Cyrus；　and　behind　Cyrus　the　Persians；　and　the
others　behind　them。　＇38＇　And　when　they　reached　the　camp　and　brought
Cyaxares　to　the　splendid　tent；　those　who　were　appointed　made
everything　ready　for　him；　and　while　he　was　waiting　for　the　banquet　his
Medes　presented　themselves；　some　of　their　own　accord；　it　is　true；　but
most　were　sent　by　Cyrus。　＇39＇　And　they　brought　him　gifts；　one　came
with　a　beautiful　cup…bearer；　another　with　an　admirable　cook；　a　third
with　a　baker；　a　fourth　with　a　musician；　while　others　brought　cups　and
goblets　and　beautiful　apparel；　almost　every　one　gave　something　out　of
the　spoils　they　had　won。　＇40＇　So　that　the　mood　of　Cyaxares　changed；
and　he　seemed　to　see　that　Cyrus　had　not　stolen　his　subjects　from　him；
and　that　they　made　no　less　account　of　him　than　they　used　to　do。

＇41＇　Now　when　the　hour　came　for　the　banquet；　Cyaxares　sent　to　Cyrus
and　begged　him　to　share　it：　it　was　so　long；　he　said；　since　they　had
met。　But　Cyrus　answered；　〃Bid　me　not　to　the　feast；　good　uncle。　Do　you
not　see　that　all　these　soldiers　of　ours　have　been　raised　by　us　to　the
pitch　of　expectation？　And　it　were　ill　on　my　part　if　I　seemed　to
neglect　them　for　the　sake　of　my　private　pleasure。　If　soldiers　feel
themselves　neglected　even　the　good　become　faint…hearted；　and　the　bad
grow　insolent。　＇42＇　With　yourself　it　is　different；　you　have　come　a
long　journey　and　you　must　fall　to　without　delay；　and　if　your　subjects
do　you　honour；　welcome　them　and　give　them　good　cheer；　that　there　may
be　confidence　between　you　and　them；　but　I　must　go　and　attend　to　the
matters　of　which　I　speak。　＇43＇　Early　to…morrow　morning；〃　he　added；
〃our　chief　officers　will　present　themselves　at　your　gate　to　hear　from
you　what　you　think　our　next　step　ought　to　be。　You　will　tell　us　whether
we　ought　to　pursue　the　campaign　further　or　whether　the　time　has　now
come　to　disband　our　army。〃

＇44＇　Thereupon　Cyaxares　betook　himself　to　the　banquet　and　Cyrus　called
a　council　of　his　friends；　the　shrewdest　and　the　best　fitted　to　act
with　him；　and　spoke　to　them　as　follows：

〃My　friends；　thanks　to　the　gods；　our　first　prayers　are　granted。
Wherever　we　set　foot　now　we　are　the　masters　of　the　country：　we　see　our
enemies　brought　low　and　ourselves　increasing　day　by　day　in　numbers　and
in　strength。　＇45＇　And　if　only　our　present　allies　would　consent　to　stay
with　us　a　little　longer；　our　achievements　could　be　greater　still；
whether　force　were　needed　or　persuasion。　Now　it　must　be　your　work　as
much　as　mine　to　make　as　many　of　them　as　possible　willing　and　anxious
to　remain。　＇46＇　Remember　that；　just　as　the　soldier　who　overthrows　the
greatest　number　in　the　day　of　battle　is　held　to　be　the　bravest；　so　the
speaker；　when　the　time　has　come　for　persuasion；　who　brings　most　men　to
his　side　will　be　thought　the　most　eloquent；　the　best　orator　and　the
ablest　man　of　action。　＇47＇　Do　not；　however；　prepare　your　speeches　as
though　we　asked　you　to　give　a　rhetorical　display：　remember　that　those
whom　you　convince　will　show　it　well　enough　by　what　they　do。　＇48＇　I
leave　you　then；〃　he　added；　〃to　the　careful　study　of　your　parts：　mine
is　to　see；　so　far　as　in　me　lies；　that　our　troops　are　provided　with　all
they　need；　before　we　hold　the　council　of　war。〃


　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　NOTES

C。1。　Cyrus'　generosity：　he　is　not　cold；　not　incapable　of　soft
pleasure；　but　too　pre…occupied　with　greater　things。　On　the　whole；　if　a
hedonist；　this　type　of　man；　a　hedonist　that　=　a　stoic　（cf。　Socrates；
H。　Sidgwick；　also　J。　P。）。

C1。4；　init。　Well　told：　we　feel　the　character　of　Araspas　at　once；　as
soon　as　he　opens　his　lips。

C1。4；　med。　An　Eastern　picture。　She　is　one　of　the　Bible　women；　as
Gadatas　and　Gobryas　are　brothers　of　Barzillai；　she　is　sister　of　Ruth
or　Susanna　or　Judith　or　Bathsheba。　Perhaps　she　is　nobler　than　any　of
them。　She　is　also　the　sister　of　the　Greek　tragedy　women；　Antigone；
Alcestis；　especially　Euripidean　is　she：　no　doubt　she　is　sister　to　the
great　women　of　all　lands。

C1。10　ff。　Xenophon；　Moralist。　Cf。　/Memorabilia/　for　a　similar
philosophical　difficulty　about　the　will　and　knowledge。　And　for　this
raising　of　ethical　problems　in　an　artistic　setting　of　narrative；　cf。
Lyly。　I　see　a　certain　resemblance　between　the　times　and　the　writers'
minds。　/Vide/　J。　A。　Symonds　on　the　predecessors　of　Shakespeare。
Araspas'　point　is　that　these　scamps　have　only　themselves　to　blame；
being　｛akrateis｝；　and　then　they　turn　round　and　accuse　love。　（We　are
thrown　back　on　the　origin　of　｛akrasia｝：　/vide　Memorabilia/　＇e。g。　I。
ii。　v。；　IV。　v。＇　for　such　answer　as　we　can　get　to　that　question。）
Whereas　the　｛kaloi　kagathoi｝　desire　strongly　but　can　curb　their
desires。

C1。13。　Shows　a　confidence　in　the　healthy　action　of　the　will。　When
Araspas　himself　is　caught　later　on　he　develops　the　theory　of　a　double
self；　a　higher　and　a　lower　（so　hgd。；　and　so；　I　think；　Xenophon　and
Socrates。　/Vide　Memorabilia/）。

C1。16；　fin。　Cyrus　｜｜　Socrates；　his　prototype　here。

C1。18。　Very　natural　and　beautiful。　Xenophon　sympathetic　with　such　a
beautiful　humanity。　The　woman's　nature　brought　out　by　these　touches。
Xenophon；　Dramatist：　the　moral　problem　is　subordinate；　that　is　to　say；
is　made　to　grow　out　of　the　dramatic　action　and　characterisation。

C1。20。　Notice　the　absolutely　fair　and　warrantable　diplomatic　advantage
given　to　the　archic　man：　each　step　he　takes　opens　up　new　avenues　of
progress。　Herein　is　fulfilled　〃to　him　who　hath　shall　be　given；〃　but
Cyrus　plays　his　part　also；　he　has　the　wisdom　of　serpents　with　the
gentleness　of　doves。

C1。21。　This　is　the　true　rhetoric；　the　right　road　to　persuasiveness；　to
be　absolutely　frank。

C1。24。　The　desire　to　be　ruled　by　the　archic　man；　which　the　archomenoi
i。e。　all　menfeel；　is　thus　manifest。　Notice　again　how　the　Mede's
own　character　is　maintained：　he　speaks　as　he　felt　then。

C2。8。　The　bridegroom　will　be　found　to　be　Hystaspas；　but　we　have　no
suspicion　as　yet；　without　looking　on。

C2。9。　In　this　interview　Cyrus'　character　still　further　developed。　/Ex
ore　Cyri。/；　Xenophon　propounds　his　theory　of　the　latent　virtue　in　man；
which　only　needs　an　opportunity　to　burst　forth；　but；　this　lacking；
remains　unrevealed。　Now　it　is　a　great　godsend　to　get　such　a　chance。　It
is　thoroughly　Hellenic；　or　Xenophon…Socratic；　this　feeling；　〃Give　me　a
chance　to　show　my　virtue。〃　（But　has　Cyrus　a　touch　of　superhuman
conscious　rectitude？）

C2。12。　The　same　thought　again：　it　is　full　of　delicacy　and　spiritual
discernment：　the　more　one　ponders　it　the　more　one　feels　that。

C2。12；　fin。　For　Hellenic　or　Xenophontine　or　old…world　theory　of　the
misfortunes　which　befall　the　virtuous；　/vide/　Homer；　/vide/　Book　of
Job　（Satan）；　/vide/　Tragedians。

C2。15。　Cf。　the　/Economist/　for　praise　of　rural　simplicity。　It　is
Xenophon　/ipsissimus/。

C2。17。　Whose　bad　manners　is　Xenophon　thinking　of？　Thebans'？

C2。20；　fin。　A　very　noble　sentence。　The　man　who　utters　it　and　the
people　whose　heart　and　mind　it　emanates　from　must　be　of　a　high　order；
and　in　the　/Memorabilia/　Socrates　has　this　highest　praise；　that　he
studied　to　make　himself　and　/all　others　also/　as　good　as　possible。

C2。21。　Notice　the　practical　answer　of　Cyrus　to　this　panegyric　（cf。　J。
P。）。

C2。32。　Prolix；　Xenophontic。

C3。6　ff。　Here　also　I　feel　the　mind　of　Xenophon　shimmering　under
various　lights。　The　/Cyropaedia/　is　shot　with　Orientalism。　Homeric
Epicismantique　Hellenism　and　modern　Hellenism　are　both　there。
Spartan　simplicity　and　Eastern　quaintness　both　say　their　say。　In　this
passage　the　biblical　element　seems　almost　audible。

C3。7。　This　is　in　the　grand　style；　Oriental；　dilatory；　ponderous；
savouring　of　times　when　battles　were　affairs　of　private　arrangement
between　monarchs　and　hedged　about　by　all　the　punctilios　of　an　affair
of　honour。

C3。12。　N。B。The　archic　man　shows　a　very　ready　wit　and　inventiveness
in　the　great　art　of　〃grab〃　in　war；　though　as　he　said　to　his　father　he
was　〃a　late　learner〃　in　such　matters。　Cf。　in　modern　times　the　duties
of　a　detective　or　some　such　disagreeable　office。　G。　O。　Trevelyan　as
Irish　secretary。　Interesting　for　/war　ethics/　in　the　abstract；　and　for
Xenophon's　view；　which　is　probably　Hellenic。　Cyru