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及17嫗

glaucus-or the wonders of the shore(鯉斥互帽)-及17嫗

弌傍�� glaucus-or the wonders of the shore(鯉斥互帽) 忖方�� 耽匈3500忖

梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ○ 賜 ★ 辛酔堀貧和鍬匈��梓囚徒貧議 Enter 囚辛指欺云慕朕村匈��梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ● 辛指欺云匈競何��
!!!!隆堋響頼��紗秘慕禰厮宴和肝写偬堋響��




resemblance�察  �quaint   as   it   is�察  �is   only   sensuous   and   accidental�察  。�in      the 

logical use of that term�撮� and not homological�察�I。E。 a lower                   manifestation 

of the same idea。        Yet how is one tempted to say�察            �that this was Nature's 

first   and   lowest   attempt   at   that   use   of   hollow   globes   of   mineral       for 

protecting      soft  fleshy   parts�察  �which     she    afterwards     developed      to  such 

perfection   in   the   skulls   of   vertebrate   animals�       �But   even   that   conceit�察�

pretty   as   it   sounds�察  �will   not   hold   good�察  �for   though   Radiates   similar   to 

these were among           the earliest tenants of the abyss�察�yet as early as their 



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time�察    �perhaps even before them�察�had been conceived and actualized�察�in 

the    sharks�察�and   in Mr。  Hugh Miller's   pets the  old red   sandstone  fishes�察�

that very true vertebrate skull and brain�察�of which this is a mere                   mockery。 

��14��     Here   the   whole   animal�察 �with   his   extraordinary         feeding   mill�察  。�for 

neither   teeth   nor   jaws   is   a   fit   word   for  it�撮�  is enclosed   within   an   ever´ 

growing limestone castle�察�to the             architecture of which the Eddystone and 

the Crystal Palace are         bungling heaps�察�without arms or legs�察�eyes or ears�察�

and   yet     capable�察  �in    spite   of   his   perpetual   imprisonment�察  �of       walking�察�

feeding�察�and breeding�察�doubt it not�察�merrily enough。                   But this      result has 

been   attained   at   the   expense   of   a   complication   of     structure�察  �which   has 

baffled   all   human   analysis   and   research   into        final   causes。      As   much 

concerning this most miraculous of families                   as is needful to be known�察�

and   ten   times   more   than   you   are   likely    to   understand�察  �may   be   read   in 

Harvey's   ;Sea´Side   Book�察─  �pp。   142´   148�察   �   pages   from   which   you   will 

probably   arise   with   a   sense   of   the    infinity   and   complexity   of   Nature�察�

even in what we are pleased to              call her ;lower; forms�察�and the simplest 

and�察  �as   it   were�察  �easiest  forms   of   life。   Conceive a   Crystal   Palace�察  。�for 

mere   difference   in      size�察  �as   both   the   naturalist   and   the   metaphysician 

know�察�has       nothing to do with the wonder�撮� whereof each separate joist�察�

girder�察  �and   pane   grows   continually   without   altering   the   shape   of           the 

whole�察  �and   you   have   conceived   only   one   of   the   miracles   embodied           in 

that little sea´egg�察�which the Creator has�察�as it were�察�to                justify to man His 

own immutability�察�furnished with a shell capable                     of enduring fossil for 

countless   ages�察  �that   we   may   confess   Him   to       have   been   as   great   when 

first His Spirit brooded on the deep�察�as He               is now and will be through all 

worlds to come。 

     But we must make haste�察�for the tide is rising fast�察�and our stone                     will 

be   restored   to   its   eleven   hours'   bath�察  �long   before   we   have    talked   over 

half the wonders which it holds。             Look though�察�ere you           retreat�察�at one or 

two more。 

     What is that little brown thing whom you have just taken off the                      rock 

to which it adhered so stoutly by his sucking´foot�拭                   �A limpet�拭        �Not at 

all�此  �he is of quite a different family and structure�察�but�察                �on the whole�察�a 

limpet´like shell would suit him well enough�察�so he                    had one given him�此�



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nevertheless�察  �owing   to   certain   anatomical         peculiarities�察  �he   needed   one 

aperture more than a limpet�察�so one�察             �if you will examine�察�has been given 

him at the top of his shell。         ��15��     This is one instance among a thousand 

of the way in which a          scientific knowledge of objects must not obey�察�but 

run counter to�察      �the impressions of sense�察�and of a custom in nature which 

makes      this caution so necessary�察�namely�察�the repetition of the same form�察�

slightly modified�察�in totally different animals�察�sometimes as if to                      avoid 

waste�察。�for why should not the same conception be used in two                        different 

cases�察�if it   will suit   in   both�殖�  and sometimes   ��more          marvellous   by  far�� 

when an organ�察�fully developed and useful in one                     species�察�appears in a 

cognate      species    but   feeble�察   �useless�察  �and�察   �as   it   were�察   �abortive�察   �and 

gradually�察  �in   species   still   farther   removed�察     �dies   out   altogether�察  �placed 

there�察�it would seem�察�at first sight�察         �merely to keep up the family likeness。 

I am half jesting�察�that        cannot be the only reason�察�perhaps not the reason 

at   all�察  �but   the fact   is   one   of   the   most   curious�察  �and   notorious   also�察  �in 

comparative        anatomy。 

     Look�察  �again�察  �at   those   sea´slugs。     One�察  �some   three   inches   long�察  �of   a 

bright lemon´yellow�察�clouded with purple�察�another of a dingy grey�察                       。�16�� 

another exquisite little creature of a pearly French White�察                 。�17�� furred all 

over the back with what seem arms�察�but are really                   gills�察�of ringed white 

and grey and black。          Put that yellow one         into water�察�and from his head�察�

above the eyes�察�arise two serrated             horns�察�while from the after´part of his 

back     springs    a  circular    Prince´of´Wales's´feather          of   gills�察  �  they   are 

almost exactly like        those which we saw just now in the white Cucumaria。 

Yes�察  �here   is   another   instance   of   the   same   custom   of   repetition。        The 

Cucumaria        is   a   low   radiate   animal   ´   the   sea´slug   a   far higher   mollusc�察�

and     every organ within him is formed on a different type�察�as indeed are 

those seemingly identical gills�察�if you come to examine them under                          the 

microscope�察  �having   to   oxygenate   fluids   of   a   very   different   and         more 

complicated kind�察�and�察�moreover�察�the Cucumaria's gills were                        put round 

his   mouth�察    �the   Doris's   feathers    round    the   other    extremity�察    �that   grey 

Eolis's�察  �again�察  �are   simple   clubs�察  �scattered     over   his   whole   back�察  �and   in 

each   of   his   nudibranch   congeners   these        same   gills   take   some   new   and 

fantastic     form�察   �in  Melibaea      those    clubs    are   covered     with    warts�察  �in 



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Scyllaea�察     �with   tufted   bouquets�察    �in    the    beautiful    Antiopa     they   are 

transparent   bags�察  �and   in   many   other      English   species   they   take   every 

conceivable form of leaf�察�tree�察         �flower�察�and branch�察�bedecked with every 

colour of the  rainbow�察�as         you   may see  them depicted   in Messrs。 Alder 

and Hancock's unrivalled           Monograph on the Nudibranch Mollusca。 

     And   now�察  �worshipper   of   final   causes   and   the   mere   useful   in   nature�察�

answer      but   one   question�察     �  Why     this  prodigal    variety�拭     �All   these 

Nudibranchs       live   in  much    the   same    way�此   �why     would    not   the  same 

mould have done for them all�拭            �And why�察�again�察。�for we must push              the 

argument a little further�撮� why have not all the butterflies�察            �at least all who 

feed    on   the   same    plant�察 �the   same    markings�拭     �Of    all   unfathomable 

triumphs      of  design�察  。�we   can   only   express    ourselves     thus�察   �for  honest 

induction�察�as Paley so well teaches�察�allows us to              ascribe such results only 

to the   design   of some   personal   will   and      mind�撮�   what   surpasses   that   by 

which the scales on a butterfly's           wing are arranged to produce a certain 

pattern   of   artistic   beauty   beyond   all   painter's   skill�拭  �What   a   waste   of 

power�察  �on   any     utilitarian   theory   of   nature�   �And   once   more�察  �why   are 

those     strange    microscopic       atomies�察    �the  Diatomaceae        and   Infusoria�察�

which fill     every stagnant pool�察�which fringe every branch of sea´weed�察�

which      form  banks   hundreds   of   miles   long   on   the Arctic   sea´floor�察  �and 

the    strata   of   whole   moorlands�察  �which   pervade   in   millions   the   mass   of 

every iceberg�察�and float aloft in countless swarms amid the clouds                    of the 

volcanic dust�察 � why are their tiny shells of flint as              fantastically various 

in their quaint mathematical symmetry�察�as               they are countless beyond the 

wildest     dreams    of  the   Poet�拭   �Mystery      inexplicable      on   the  conceited 

notion which�察�making man forsooth the                centre of the universe�察�dares to 

believe     that  this  variety   of   forms    has    existed    for  countless    ages   in 

abysmal       sea´depths     and    untrodden        forests�察   �only    that   some     few 

individuals      of  the  Western     races   might�察   �in   these   latter   days�察  �at  last 

discover and admire a corner here and               there of the boundless realms of 

beauty。     Inexplicable�察�truly�察�if      man be the centre and the object of their 

existence�察�explicable        enough to him who believes that God has created 

all things for      Himself�察�and rejoices in His own handiwork�察�and that the 

material      universe   is�察  �as   the   wise   man   says�察   �A  platform   whereon   His 



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Eternal     Spirit sports and makes melody。;            Of all the blessings which the 

study   of    nature   brings   to  the   patient   observer�察  �let  none�察  �perhaps�察    �be 

classed     higher   than   this�此  �that   the  further   he   enters   into  those    fairy 

gardens of life and birth�察�which Spenser saw and described in                     his great 

poem�察�the more he learns the awful and yet most                  comfortable truth�察�that 

they  do   not belong   to   him�察  �but   to   One   greater�察  �wiser�察 �lovelier   than   he�察�

卦指朕村 貧匯匈 和匯匈 指欺競何 壘��5�� 家��3��

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