large catechism-第8章

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this　I　have　been　obliged　to　urge　with　so　many　words；　in　hope　that　some
one　may　take　it　to　heart；　that　we　may　be　relieved　of　the　blindness　and
misery　in　which　we　are　steeped　so　deeply；　and　may　truly　understand　the
Word　and　will　of　God；　and　earnestly　accept　it。　For　thence　we　would
learn　how　we　could　have　joy；　happiness；　and　salvation　enough；　both
temporal　and　eternal。　

Thus　we　have　two　kinds　of　fathers　presented　in　this　commandment；
fathers　in　blood　and　fathers　in　office；　or　those　to　whom　belongs　the
care　of　the　family；　and　those　to　whom　belongs　the　care　of　the　country。
Besides　these　there　are　yet　spiritual　fathers；　not　like　those　in　the
Papacy；　who　have　indeed　had　themselves　called　thus；　but　have　performed
no　function　of　the　paternal　office。　For　those　only　are　called　spiritual
fathers　who　govern　and　guide　us　by　the　Word　of　God；　as　St。　Paul　boasts
his　fatherhood　1　Cor。　4；　15；　where　he　says：　In　Christ　Jesus　I　hove
begotten　you　through　the　Gospel。　Now；　since　they　are　fathers　they　are
entitled　to　their　honor；　even　above　all　others。　But　here　it　is　bestowed
least；　for　the　way　which　the　world　knows　for　honoring　them　is　to　drive
them　out　of　the　country　and　to　grudge　them　a　piece　of　bread　and；　in
short；　they　must　be　（as　says　St。　Paul　1　Cor。　4；　13）　as　the　filth　of　the
world　and　everybody's　refuse　and　footrag。　

Yet　there　is　need　that　this　also　be　urged　upon　the　populace；　that
those　who　would　be　Christians　are　under　obligation　in　the　sight　of　God
to　esteem　them　worthy　of　double　honor　who　minister　to　their　souls；　that
they　deal　well　with　them　and　provide　for　them。　For　that；　God　is　willing
to　add　to　you　sufficient　blessing　and　will　not　let　you　come　to　want。
But　in　this　matter　every　one　refuses　and　resists；　and　all　are　afraid
that　they　will　perish　from　bodily　want；　and　cannot　now　support　one
respectable　preacher；　where　formerly　they　filled　ten　fat　paunches。　In
this　we　also　deserve　that　God　deprive　us　of　His　Word　and　blessing；　and
again　allow　preachers　of　lies　to　arise　to　lead　us　to　the　devil；　and；　in
addition；　to　drain　our　sweat　and　blood。　

But　those　who　keep　in　sight　God's　will　and　commandment　have　the
promise　that　everything　which　they　bestow　upon　temporal　and　spiritual
fathers；　and　whatever　they　do　to　honor　them；　shall　be　richly
recompensed　to　them；　so　that　they　shall　have；　not　bread；　clothing；　and
money　for　a　year　or　two；　but　long　life；　support；　and　peace；　and　shall
be　eternally　rich　and　blessed。　Therefore　only　do　what　is　your　duty；　and
let　God　take　care　how　He　is　to　support　you　and　provide　for　you
sufficiently。　Since　He　has　promised　it；　and　has　never　yet　lied；　He　will
not　be　found　lying　to　you。　

This　ought　indeed　to　encourage　us；　and　give　us　hearts　that　would　melt
in　pleasure　and　love　toward　those　to　whom　we　owe　honor；　so　that　we
would　raise　our　hands　and　joyfully　thank　God　who　has　given　us　such
promises；　for　which　we　ought　to　run　to　the　ends　of　the　world　＇to　the
remotest　parts　of　India＇。　For　although　the　whole　world　should　combine；
it　could　not　add　an　hour　to　our　life　or　give　us　a　single　grain　from　the
earth。　But　God　wishes　to　give　you　all　exceeding　abundantly　according　to
your　heart's　desire。　He　who　despises　and　casts　this　to　the　winds　is　not
worthy　ever　to　hear　a　word　of　God。　This　has　now　been　stated　more　than
enough　for　all　who　belong　under　this　commandment。　

In　addition；　it　would　be　well　to　preach　to　the　parents　also；　and　such
as　bear　their　office；　as　to　how　they　should　deport　themselves　toward
those　who　are　committed　to　them　for　their　government。　For　although　this
is　not　expressed　in　the　Ten　Commandments；　it　is　nevertheless　abundantly
enjoined　in　many　places　in　the　Scriptures。　And　God　desires　to　have　it
embraced　in　this　commandment　when　He　speaks　of　father　and　mother。　For
He　does　not　wish　to　have　in　this　office　and　government　knaves　and
tyrants；　nor　does　He　assign　to　them　this　honor；　that　is；　power　and
authority　to　govern；　that　they　should　have　themselves　worshiped；　but
they　should　consider　that　they　are　under　obligations　of　obedience　to
God；　and　that；　first　of　all；　they　should　earnestly　and　faithfully
discharge　their　office；　not　only　to　support　and　provide　for　the　bodily
necessities　of　their　children；　servants；　subjects；　etc。；　but；　most　of
all；　to　train　them　to　the　honor　and　praise　of　God。　Therefore　do　not
think　that　this　is　left　to　your　pleasure　and　arbitrary　will；　but　that
it　is　a　strict　command　and　injunction　of　God；　to　whom　also　you　must
give　account　for　it。　

But　here　again　the　sad　plight　arises　that　no　one　perceives　or　heeds
this；　and　all　live　on　as　though　God　gave　us　children　for　our　pleasure
or　amusement；　and　servants　that　we　should　employ　them　like　a　cow　or
ass；　only　for　work；　or　as　though　we　were　only　to　gratify　our　wantonness
with　our　subjects；　ignoring　them；　as　though　it　were　no　concern　of　ours
what　they　learn　or　how　they　live；　and　no　one　is　willing　to　see　that
this　is　the　command　of　the　Supreme　Majesty；　who　will　most　strictly　call
us　to　account　and　punish　us　for　it；　nor　that　there　is　so　great　need　to
be　so　seriously　concerned　about　the　young。　For　if　we　wish　to　have
excellent　and　apt　persons　both　for　civil　and　ecclesiastical　government
we　must　spare　no　diligence；　time；　or　cost　in　teaching　and　educating　our
children；　that　they　may　serve　God　and　the　world；　and　we　must　not　think
only　how　we　may　amass　money　and　possessions　for　them。　For　God　can
indeed　without　us　support　and　make　them　rich；　as　He　daily　does。　But　for
this　purpose　He　has　given　us　children；　and　issued　this　command　that　we
should　train　and　govern　them　according　to　His　will；　else　He　would　have
no　need　of　father　and　mother。　Let　every　one　know　therefore；　that　it　is
his　duty；　on　peril　of　losing　the　divine　favor；　to　bring　up　his
children　above　all　things　in　the　fear　and　knowledge　of　God；　and　if　they
are　talented；　have　them　learn　and　study　something；　that　they　may　be
employed　for　whatever　need　there　is　＇to　have　them　instructed　and
trained　in　a　liberal　education；　that　men　may　be　able　to　have　their　aid
in　government　and　in　whatever　is　necessary＇。　

If　that　were　done；　God　would　also　richly　bless　us　and　give　us　grace　to
train　men　by　whom　land　and　people　might　be　improved　and　likewise　well
educated　citizens；　chaste　and　domestic　wives；　who　afterwards　would　rear
godly　children　and　servants。　Here　consider　now　what　deadly　injury　you
are　doing　if　you　be　negligent　and　fail　on　your　part　to　bring　up　your
child　to　usefulness　and　piety；　and　how　you　bring　upon　yourself　all　sin
and　wrath；　thus　earning　hell　by　your　own　children；　even　though　you　be
otherwise　pious　and　holy。　And　because　this　is　disregarded；　God　so
fearfully　punishes　the　world　that　there　is　no　discipline；　government；
or　peace；　of　which　we　all　complain；　but　do　not　see　that　it　is　our
fault；　for　as　we　train　them；　we　have　spoiled　and　disobedient　children
and　subjects。　Let　this　be　sufficient　exhortation；　for　to　draw　this　out
at　length　belongs　to　another　time。　

The　Fifth　Commandment。　

Thou　shalt　not　kill。
　
We　have　now　completed　both　the　spiritual　and　the　temporal　government；
that　is；　the　divine　and　the　paternal　authority　and　obedience。　But　here
now　we　go　forth　from　our　house　among　our　neighbors　to　learn　how　we
should　live　with　one　another；　every　one　himself　toward　his　neighbor。
Therefore　God　and　government　are　not　included　in　this　commandment　nor
is　the　power　to　kill；　which　they　have　taken　away。　For　God　has　delegated
His　authority　to　punish　evil…doers　to　the　government　instead　of
parents；　who　aforetime　（as　we　read　in　Moses）　were　required　to　bring
their　own　children　to　judgment　and　sentence　them　to　death。　Therefore；
what　is　here　forbidden　is　forbidden　to　the　individual　in　his　relation
to　any　one　else；　and　not　to　the　government。　

Now　this　commandment　is　easy　enough　and　has　been　often　treated；
because　we　hear　it　annually　in　the　Gospel　of　St。　Matthew；　5；　21　ff。；
where　Christ　Himself　explains　and　sums　it　up；　namely；　that　we　must　not
kill　neither　with　hand；　heart；　mouth；　signs；　gestures；　help；　nor
counsel。　Therefore　it　is　here　forbidden　to　every　one　to　be　angry；
except　those　（as　we　said）　who　are　in　the　place　of　God；　that　is；　parents
and　the　government。　For　it　is　proper　for　God　and　for　every　one　who　is
in　a　divine　estate　to　be　angry；　to　reprove　and　punish；　namely；　on
account　of　those　very　persons　who　transgress　this　and　the　other
commandments。　

But　the　cause　and　need　of　this　commandment　is　that　God　well　knows　that
the　world　is　evil；　and　that　this　life　has　much　unhappiness；　therefore
He　has　placed　this　and　the　other　commandments　between　the　good　and　the
evil。　Now；　as　there　are　many　assaults　upon　all　commandments；　so　it
happens　also　in　this　commandment　that　we　must　live　among　many　people
who　do　us　harm；　so　that　we　have　cause　to　be　hostile　to　them。　

As　when　your　neighbor　sees　that　you　have　a　better　house　and　home　＇a
larger　family　and　more　fertile　fields＇；　greater　possessions　and　fortune
from　God　than　he；　he　is　sulky；　envies　you；　and　speaks　no　good　of　you。　

Thus　by　the　devil's　incitement　you　will　get　many　enemies　who　cannot
bear　to　see　you　have　any　good；　either　bodily　or　spiritual。　When　we　see
such　people；　our　hearts；　in　turn；　would　rage　and　bleed　and　take
vengeance。　Then　there　arise　cursing　and　blows；　from　which　follow
finally　misery　and　murder。　Here；　now；　God　like　a　kind　father　steps　in
ahead　of　Us；　interposes　and　wishes　to　have　the　quarrel　settled；　that　no
misfortune　come　of　it；　nor　one　destroy　another。　And　briefly　He　would
hereby　protect；　set　free；　and　keep　in　peace　every　one　against　the　crime
and　violence　of　every　one　else；　and　would　have　this　commandment　placed
as　a　wall；　fortress；　and　refuge　about　our　neighbor；　that　we　do　him　no
hurt　nor　harm　in　his　body。　

Thus　this　commandment　aims　at　this；　that　no　one　offend　his　neighbor　on
account　of　any　evil　deed；　even　though　he　have　fully　deserved　it。　For
where　murder　is　forbidden；　all　cause　also　is　forbidden　whence　murder
may　originate。　For　many　a　one；　although　he　does　not　kill；　yet　curses
and　utters　a　wish；　which　would　stop　a　person　from　running　far　if　it
were　to　strike　him　in　the　neck　＇makes　imprecations；　which　if　fulfilled
with　respect　to　any　one；　he　would　not　live　long＇。　Now　since　this
inheres　in　every　one　by　nature　and　it　is　a　common　practice　that　no　one
is　willing　to　suffer　at　the　hands　of　another；　God　wishes　to　remove　the
root　and　source　by　which　the　heart　is　embittered　against　our　neighbor；
and　to　accustom　us　ever　to　keep　in　view　this　commandment；　always　to
contemplate　ourselves　in　it　as　in　a　mirror；　to　regard　the　will　of　God；
and　with　hearty　confidence　and　invocation　of　His　name　to　commit　to　Him
the　wrong　which　we　suffer。　Thus　we　shall　suffer　our　enemies　to　rage　and
be　angry；　doing　what　they　can；　and　we　learn　to　calm　our　wrath；　and　to
have　a　patient；　gentle　heart；　especially　toward　those　who　give　us　cause
to　be　angry；　that　is；　our　enemies。　

Therefore　the　entire　sum　of　what　it　means　not　to　kill　is　to　be
impressed　most　explicitly　upon　the　simple…minded。　In　the　first　place
that　we　harm　no　one；　first；　with　our　hand　or　by　deed。　Then；　that　we　do
not　employ　our　tongue　to　instigate　or　counsel　thereto。　Further；　that　we
neither　use　nor　assent　to　any　kind　of　means　or　methods　whereby　any　one
may　be　injured。　And　finally；