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alexandria and her schools(冉煽表寄才慢議僥丕)-及19嫗

弌傍�� alexandria and her schools(冉煽表寄才慢議僥丕) 忖方�� 耽匈3500忖

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!!!!隆堋響頼��紗秘慕禰厮宴和肝写偬堋響��




     He is about to commence his discourses on the Parmenides�察�that book 

in   which   we   generally  now   consider   that   Plato   has   been   most   untrue   to 

himself�察  �and   fallen   from   his   usual   inductive   method   to   the   ground   of   a 



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mere e priori theoriserand yet of which Proclus is reported to have said�察�

and�察  �I   should   conceive�察  �said   honestly�察  �that   if   it�察  �the   Timaeus�察  �and   the 

Orphic   fragments   were   preserved�察  �he   did   not   care   whether   every   other 

book on earth were destroyed。           But how does he commence�拭�

     ;I   pray   to  all  the  gods   and   goddesses      to  guide   my    reason   in  the 

speculation which lies before me�察�and having kindled in me the pure light 

of   truth�察�to   direct   my  mind   upward   to   the very  knowledge   of the   things 

which are�察�and to open the doors of my soul to receive the divine guidance 

of Plato�察�and�察�having directed my knowledge into the very brightness of 

being�察   �to  withdraw      me   from    the  various    forms    of  opinion�察   �from    the 

apparent wisdom�察�from the wandering about things which do not exist�察�by 

that purest intellectual exercise about the things which do exist�察�whereby 

alone the eye of the soul is nourished and brightened�察�as Socrates says in 

the Phaedrus�察�and that the Noetic Gods will give to me the perfect reason�察�

and the Noeric Gods the power which leads up to this�察�and that the rulers 

of the Universe above the heaven will impart to me an energy unshaken by 

material   notions     and   emancipated       from   them�察   �and   those   to  whom   the 

world is given   as their dominion a  winged life�察 �and the  angelic choirs   a 

true manifestation of divine things�察�and the good daemons the fulness of 

the inspiration which comes from the Gods�察�and the heroes a grand�察�and 

venerable�察�and lofty fixedness of mind�察�and the whole divine race together 

a   perfect   preparation   for   sharing   in   Plato's   most   mystical   and   far´seeing 

speculations�察�which he declares to us himself in the Parmenides�察�with the 

profundity   befitting   such   topics�察  �but   which   he   ��i。e。   his   master   Syrianus�� 

completed by  his   most   pure   and   luminous   apprehensions�察  �who   did   most 

truly   share   the   Platonic   feast�察  �and   was   the   medium   for   transmitting   the 

divine   truth�察  �the   guide   in   our   speculations�察  �and   the   hierophant   of   these 

divine words�察�who�察�as I think�察�came down as a type of philosophy�察�to do 

good to the souls that are here�察�in place of idols�察�sacrifices�察�and the whole 

mystery of purification�察�a leader of salvation to the men who are now and 

who shall be hereafter。        And may the whole band of those who are above 

us be propitious�察�and may the whole force which they supply be at hand�察�

kindling before us that light which�察�proceeding from them�察�may guide us 

to them。; 



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     Surely this is an interesting document。            The last Pagan Greek prayer�察�

I believe�察�which we have on record�察�the death´wail of the old worldnot 

without a touch of melody。           One cannot altogether admire the style�察�it is 

inflated�察 �pedantic�察 �written�察 �I  fear�察  �with   a  considerable   consciousness   that 

he was saying the right thing and in the very finest way�此                �but still it is a 

prayer。     A  cry   for   lightby   no   means�察  �certainly�察  �like   that   noble   one   in 

Tennyson's ;In Memoriam�此─�

       So runs my dream。         But what am I�拭�An infant crying in the night�察�

An infant crying for the light�察�And with no language but a cry。 

       Yet   he   asks   for   light�此�perhaps   he   had   settled   already  for   himself 

like too many more of uswhat sort of light he chose to have�此                   �but still 

the eye is turned upward to the sun�察�not inward in conceited fancy that self 

is its own illumination。        He askssurely not in vain。         There was light to 

be had for asking。        That prayer certainly was not answered in the letter�此�

it may have been ere now in the spirit。           And yet it is a sad prayer enough。 

Poor old man�察�and poor old philosophy� �

     This he and his teachers had gained by despising the simpler and yet 

far profounder doctrine of the Christian schools�察�that the Logos�察�the Divine 

Teacher   in   whom   both   Christians   and   Heathens   believed�察  �was   the   very 

archetype of men�察�and that He had proved that fact by being made flesh�察�

and dwelling bodily among them�察�that they might behold His glory�察�full of 

grace and truth�察�and see that it was at once the perfection of man and the 

perfection of God�此       �that that which was most divine was most human�察�and 

that which was most human�察�most divine。                That was the outcome of their 

metaphysic�察�that they had found the Absolute One�察�because One existed in 

whom  the   apparent   antagonism  between   that   which is   eternally  and   that 

which   becomes   in   time�察  �between   the   ideal   and   the   actual�察  �between   the 

spiritual and the material�察�in a word�察�between God and man�察�was explained 

and reconciled for ever。 

     And     Proclus's   prayer�察  �on   the  other   hand�察  �was    the  outcome     of  the 

Neoplatonists'   metaphysic�察  �the   end   of   all   their   search   after   the   One�察  �the 

Indivisible�察�the Absolute�察�this cry to all manner of innumerable phantoms�察�

ghosts     of  ideas�察  �ghosts   of   traditions�察  �neither   things   nor   persons�察   �but 

thoughts�察�to give the philosopher each something or other�察�according to the 



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nature of each。       Not that he very clearly defines what each is to give him�察�

but still he feels himself in want of all manner of things�察�and it is as well to 

have   as   many   friends   at   court   as   possible   Noetic   Gods�察  �Noeric   Gods�察�

rulers�察   �angels�察   �daemons�察     �heroesto     enable     him    to  do    what�拭     �To 

understand       Plato's   most    mystical     and   far´seeing     speculations。      The 

Eternal Nous�察�the Intellectual Teacher has vanished further and further off�察�

further off still some dim vision of a supreme Goodness。                   Infinite spaces 

above   that   looms   through   the   mist   of   the   abyss   a   Primaeval   One。    But 

even that has a predicate�察�for it is one�察�it is not pure essence。               Must there 

not    be  something      beyond     that  again�察   �which    is  not   even   one�察  �but   is 

nameless�察     �inconceivable�察     �absolute�拭    �What      an  abyss�     �How      shall  the 

human mind find anything whereon to rest�察�in the vast nowhere between it 

and the object of its search�拭         �The search after the One issues in a wail to 

the innumerable�察�and kind gods�察�angels�察�and heroes�察�not human indeed�察�but 

still conceivable enough to satisfy at least the imagination�察�step in to fill 

the   void�察  �as   they   have   done   since�察  �and   may   do   again�察  �and   so�察  �as   Mr。 

Carlyle has it�察 �the bottomless pit got roofed over�察─�as it may be again ere 

long。 

     Are     we   then    to   say�察 �that   Neoplatonism        was    a   failure�拭   �That 

Alexandria�察�during four centuries of profound and earnest thought�察�added 

nothing�拭�Heaven forbid that we should say so of a philosophy which has 

exercised on European thought�察�at the crisis of its noblest life and action�察�

an influence as great as did the Aristotelian system during the Middle Ages。 

We must never forget�察�that during the two centuries which commence with 

the fall of Constantinople�察�and end with our civil wars�察�not merely almost 

all great thinkers�察�but courtiers�察�statesmen�察�warriors�察�poets�察�were more or 

less   Neoplatonists。       The   Greek   grammarians�察  �who   migrated   into   Italy�察�

brought   with   them   the   works   of   Plotinus�察  �Iamblichus�察  �and   Proclus�察  �and 

their gorgeous reveries were welcomed eagerly by the European mind�察�just 

revelling     in   the   free   thought    of   youthful    manhood。        And     yet   the 

Alexandrian   impotence   for   any   practical   and   social   purposes   was   to   be 

manifested�察�as utterly as it was in Alexandria or in Athens of old。                 Ficinus 

and Picus of Mirandola worked no deliverance�察�either for Italian morals or 

polity�察  �at  a  time    when    such    deliverance    was    needed     bitterly  enough。 



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Neoplatonism  was   petted   by  luxurious   and   heathen popes�察 �as   an   elegant 

play    of   the  cultivated    fancy�察  �which     could   do   their   real  power�察   �their 

practical system�察  �neither   good   nor   harm。        And   one   cannot help   feeling�察�

while     reading    the  magnificent      oration    on  Supra´sensual       Love�察   �which 

Castiglione�察�in his admirable book ;The Courtier�察─�puts into the mouth of 

the    profligate    Bembo�察     �how    near    mysticism      may    lie  not   merely     to 

dilettantism   or   to   Pharisaism�察  �but   to   sensuality   itself。   But   in   England�察�

during     Elizabeth's    reign�察  �the  practical    weakness     of  Neoplatonism       was 

compensated by the noble practical life which men were compelled to live 

in   those   great   times�察  �by   the   strong   hold   which   they   had   of   the   ideas   of 

family   and     national   life�察  �of   law   and   personal   faith。   And   I   cannot  but 

believe it to have been a mighty gain to such men as Sidney�察�Raleigh�察�and 

Spenser�察�that they had drunk�察�however slightly�察�of the wells of Proclus and 

Plotinus。     One cannot read Spenser's ;Fairy Queen�察─�above all his Garden 

of    Adonis�察    �and   his   cantos    on    Mutability�察   �without     feeling    that   his 

Neoplatonism must have kept him safe from many a dark eschatological 

superstition�察 �many a narrow and   bitter dogmatism�察�which was even then 

tormenting the English mind�察�and must have helped to give him altogether 

a freer and more loving conception�察�if not a consistent or accurate one�察�of 

the   wondrous   harmony  of   that   mysterious   analogy  between   the   physical 

and    the   spiritual�察  �which    alone    makes    poetry    ��and   I  had   almost    said 

philosophy also�� possible�察�and have taught him to behold alike in suns and 

planets�察�in flowers and insects�察�in man and in beings higher than man�察�one 

glorious order of love and wisdom�察�linking them all 

卦指朕村 貧匯匈 和匯匈 指欺競何 壘��1�� 家��2��

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