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misc writings and speeches(致帽針傍嚥亟)-及14嫗

弌傍�� misc writings and speeches(致帽針傍嚥亟) 忖方�� 耽匈3500忖

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flowers with the bee�拭         �Who does not shudder at the caldron of Macbeth�拭�

Where is the philosopher who is not moved when he thinks of the strange 

connection   between   the   infernal   spirits   and   ;the   sow's   blood   that   hath 

eaten her nine farrow�拭─�But this difficult task of representing supernatural 

beings to our minds�察�in a manner which shall be neither unintelligible to 

our intellects   nor   wholly  inconsistent   with   our   ideas   of   their   nature�察  �has 

never been so well performed as by Dante。                 I will refer to three instances�察�

which       are�察  �perhaps�察     �the   most     striking�此�     ´the   description      of    the 

transformations of the serpents and the robbers�察�in the twenty´fifth canto 

of the Inferno��the passage concerning Nimrod�察�in the thirty´first canto of 

the same part�察�and the magnificent procession in the twenty´ninth canto 

of the Purgatorio。 

     The   metaphors   and   comparisons   of   Dante   harmonise   admirably  with 

that   air   of   strong   reality   of   which   I   have   spoken。   They   have   a   very 

peculiar   character。      He   is   perhaps   the   only   poet   whose   writings   would 

become much less intelligible if all illustrations of this sort were expunged。 

His similes are frequently rather those of a traveller than of a poet。                      He 

employs   them  not   to   display  his ingenuity  by   fanciful   analogies��not  to 

delight     the  reader    by   affording    him   a   distant   and   passing    glimpse     of 

beautiful images remote from the path in which he is proceeding�察�but to 

give   an   exact   idea   of   the   objects   which   he   is   describing�察  �by   comparing 

them with others generally known。                The boiling pitch in Malebolge was 

like that in the Venetian arsenal��the mound on which he travelled along 

the banks of Phlegethon was like that between Ghent and Bruges�察�but not 



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so large��the cavities where the Simoniacal prelates are confined resemble 

the Fonts in the Church of John at Florence。                Every reader of Dante will 

recall    many     other   illustrations   of   this  description�察    �which    add    to  the 

appearance of sincerity and earnestness from which the narrative derives 

so much of its interest。 

     Many of his comparisons�察�again�察�are intended to give an exact idea of 

his feelings under particular circumstances。              The delicate shades of grief�察�

of fear�察�of anger�察�are rarely discriminated with sufficient accuracy in the 

language   of   the   most   refined   nations。     A  rude  dialect   never   abounds   in 

nice distinctions of this kind。         Dante therefore employs the most accurate 

and infinitely the most poetical mode of marking the precise state of his 

mind。      Every     person    who    has   experienced      the   bewildering     effect   of 

sudden bad tidings��the stupefaction��the vague doubt of the truth of our 

own     perceptions      which    they    produce��will     understand      the   following 

simile�此�I   was   as   he   is   who   dreameth   his   own   harm��who�察  �dreaming�察�

wishes that it may be all a dream�察�so that he desires that which is as though 

it   were   not。;    This   is   only   one   out   of   a   hundred   equally   striking   and 

expressive      similitudes。      The    comparisons       of   Homer     and    Milton    are 

magnificent   digressions。        It   scarcely   injures   their   effect   to   detach   them 

from   the   work。      Those   of   Dante   are   very   different。   They   derive   their 

beauty   from   the   context�察  �and   reflect   beauty   upon   it。     His    embroidery 

cannot   be   taken   out   without   spoiling   the   whole   web。      I   cannot   dismiss 

this   part   of   the   subject   without   advising   every   person   who   can   muster 

sufficient Italian to read the simile of the sheep�察�in the third canto of the 

Purgatorio。      I think it the most perfect passage of the kind in the world�察�

the    most    imaginative�察     �the   most    picturesque�察    �and    the   most    sweetly 

expressed。 

     No person can have attended to the Divine Comedy without observing 

how little impression the forms of the external world appear to have made 

on the mind of Dante。          His temper and his situation had led him to fix his 

observation almost exclusively on human nature。                   The exquisite opening 

of the eighth* canto of the Purgatorio affords a strong instance of this。                   ��I 

cannot help observing that Gray's imitation of that noble line 

     ;Che paia 'lgiorna pianger che si muore�察─�



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     is   one   of   the   most   striking   instances   of   injudicious   plagiarism   with 

which I am acquainted。           Dante did not put this strong personification at 

the beginning of his description。          The imagination of the reader is so well 

prepared for it by the previous lines�察�that it appears perfectly natural and 

pathetic。 Placed as Gray has placed it�察�neither preceded nor followed by 

anything that harmonises with it�察�it becomes a frigid conceit。 Woe to the 

unskilful rider who ventures on the horses of Achilles�。� 

     He leaves to others the earth�察�the ocean�察�and the sky。               His business is 

with man。       To other writers�察�evening may be the season of dews and stars 

and   radiant   clouds。      To   Dante   it   is   the   hour   of   fond   recollection   and 

passionate   devotion��the   hour   which   melts   the   heart   of   the   mariner   and 

kindles the love of the pilgrim��the hour when the toll of the bell seems to 

mourn for another day which is gone and will return no more。 

     The   feeling   of   the   present   age   has   taken   a   direction   diametrically 

opposite。     The magnificence of the physical world�察�and its influence upon 

the   human   mind�察  �have   been   the   favourite   themes   of   our   most   eminent 

poets。    The herd of bluestocking ladies and sonneteering gentlemen seem 

to consider a strong sensibility to the ;splendour of the grass�察�the glory of 

the flower�察─�as an ingredient absolutely indispensable in the formation of a 

poetical     mind。       They      treat   with    contempt      all   writers    who     are 

unfortunately 

     nec ponere lucum Artifices�察�nec rus saturum laudare。 

     The   orthodox   poetical   creed   is   more   Catholic。      The   noblest   earthly 

object of the contemplation of man is man himself。                 The universe�察�and all 

its fair and glorious forms�察�are indeed included in the wide empire of the 

imagination�察  �but   she   has   placed   her   home   and   her   sanctuary   amidst   the 

inexhaustible varieties and the impenetrable mysteries of the mind。 

     In   tutte   parti   impera�察  �e   quivi   regge�察  �Quivi   e   la   sua   cittade�察  �e   l'alto 

seggio。 ��Inferno�察�canto i。�� 

     Othello is perhaps the greatest work in the world。               From what does it 

derive     its  power�拭     �From     the   clouds�拭     �From     the   ocean�拭    �From    the 

mountains�拭      �Or from love strong as death�察�and jealousy cruel as the grave�拭�

What is it that we go forth to see in Hamlet�拭             �Is it a reed shaken with the 

wind�拭     �A small celandine�拭�A bed of daffodils�拭            �Or is it to contemplate a 



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mighty and wayward mind laid bare before us to the inmost recesses�拭                          �It 

may perhaps be doubted whether the lakes and the hills are better fitted for 

the   education   of   a   poet   than   the   dusky   streets   of   a   huge   capital。   Indeed 

who is not tired to death with pure description of scenery�拭                    �Is it not the 

fact�察�that external objects never strongly excite our feelings but when they 

are   contemplated   in   reference   to   man�察  �as   illustrating   his   destiny�察  �or   as 

influencing his character�拭          �The most beautiful object in the world�察�it will 

be allowed�察�is a beautiful woman。              But who that can analyse his feelings 

is not sensible that she owes her fascination less to grace of outline and 

delicacy      of   colour�察    �than    to  a   thousand      associations      which�察    �often 

unperceived by ourselves�察�connect those qualities with the source of our 

existence�察�with the nourishment of our infancy�察 �with the  passions of  our 

youth�察    �with   the   hopes    of  our   agewith     elegance�察    �with    vivacity�察  �with 

tenderness�察  �with      the   strongest    of   natural   instincts�察  �with   the   dearest   of 

social ties�拭�

     To those who think thus�察�the insensibility of the Florentine poet to the 

beauties     of   nature    will   not   appear    an   unpardonable       deficiency。      On 

mankind no writer�察�with the exception of Shakspeare�察�has looked with   a 

more penetrating eye。          I have said that his poetical character had derived 

a tinge from his peculiar temper。             It is on the sterner and darker passions 

that   he   delights   to   dwell。    All   love   excepting   the   half´mystic   passion 

which   he   still   felt   for   his   buried   Beatrice�察  �had   palled   on   the   fierce   and 

restless exile。      The sad story of Rimini is almost a single exception。                     I 

know  not   whether  it   has   been   remarked�察 �that�察 �in   one point�察  �misanthropy 

seems to have affected his mind�察 �as it did that of Swift。                    Nauseous and 

revolting   images   seem   to   have   had   a   fascination   for   his   mind�察  �and   he 

repeatedly       places    before     his   readers�察    �with    all  the    energy     of   his 

incomparable        style�察  �the  most    loathsome      objects    of  the   sewer    and   the 

dissecting´room。 

     There   is   another   peculiarity   in   the   poem   of   Dante�察  �which�察  �I   think�察�

deserves   notice。       Ancient   mythology   has   hardly   ever   been   successfully 

interwoven with modern poetry。              One class of writers have introduced the 

fabulous   deities   merely   as   allegorical   representatives   of   love�察  �wine�察  �or 

wisdom。       This necessarily renders their works tame and cold。                    We may 



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sometimes admire their ingenuity�察�but with what interest can we read of 

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