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misc writings and speeches(致帽針傍嚥亟)-及13嫗

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Mr   Coleridge   calls   the   ;fair   humanities;   of   the   other。      It   has   enriched 

sculpture and painting with the loveliest and most majestic forms。                      To the 

Phidian   Jupiter   it   can   oppose   the   Moses   of   Michael Angelo�察  �and   to   the 

voluptuous       beauty     of  the   Queen     of   Cyprus�察    �the  serene    and    pensive 

loveliness of the Virgin Mother。            The legends of its martyrs and its saints 

may vie in ingenuity and interest with the mythological fables of Greece�察�

its   ceremonies   and   processions   were   the   delight   of   the   vulgar�察  �the   huge 

fabric     of  secular    power     with    which     it  was    connected      attracted    the 

admiration of the statesman。            At the same time�察�it never lost sight of the 

most     solemn     and    tremendous      doctrines     of  Christianity��the      incarnate 



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God��the judgment��the retribution��the eternity of happiness or torment。 

Thus�察  �while�察  �like   the   ancient   religions�察  �it   received   incalculable   support 

from policy and ceremony�察�it never wholly became�察�like those religions�察�a 

merely political and ceremonial institution。 

     The     beginning     of  the   thirteenth    century    was�察   �as  Machiavelli      has 

remarked�察  �the   era   of   a   great   revival   of   this   extraordinary   system。   The 

policy     of  Innocent��the     growth     of  the   Inquisition    and   the   mendicant 

orders��the wars against the Albigenses�察�the Pagans of the East�察�and the 

unfortunate princes of the house of Swabia�察�agitated Italy during the two 

following   generations。        In   this   point   Dante   was   completely   under   the 

influence of his age。 He was a man of a turbid and melancholy spirit。                      In 

early   youth   he   had   entertained   a   strong   and   unfortunate   passion�察  �which�察�

long    after   the  death   of   her  whom   he     loved�察   �continued     to  haunt   him。 

Dissipation�察�ambition�察�misfortunes had not effaced it。                 He was not only a 

sincere�察�but a passionate�察�believer。           The crimes and abuses of the Church 

of Rome were indeed loathsome to him�察�but to all its doctrines and all its 

rites he adhered with enthusiastic fondness and veneration�察�and�察�at length�察�

driven from his native country�察�reduced to a situation the most painful to a 

man of his disposition�察�condemned to learn by experience that no food is 

so bitter as the bread of dependence �─�Tu proverai si come sa di sale Lo 

pane   altrui�察  �e   come   e   duro   calle   Lo   scendere   e'l   sa'ir   per   l'altrui   scale。; 

Paradiso�察�canto xvii。���察�

     and   no   ascent   so   painful   as   the   staircase   of   a   patron��his   wounded 

spirit took refuge in visionary devotion。             Beatrice�察�the unforgotten object 

of his early tenderness�察�was invested by his imagination with glorious and 

mysterious attributes�察�she was enthroned among the highest of the celestial 

hierarchy�此     �Almighty Wisdom had assigned to her the care of the sinful 

and    unhappy      wanderer     who    had   loved    her   with   such   a  perfect    love。 

�─�L'amico mio�察�e non della ventura。;             Inferno�察�canto ii。��      By a confusion�察�

like that which often takes place in dreams�察�he has sometimes lost sight of 

her    human     nature�察  �and   even    of  her   personal    existence�察   �and   seems    to 

consider her as one of the attributes of the Deity。 

     But those religious hopes which had released the mind of the sublime 

enthusiast from the terrors of death had not rendered his speculations on 



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human life more cheerful。            This is an inconsistency which may often be 

observed      in  men    of  a  similar   temperament。        He    hoped    for   happiness 

beyond the grave�此        �but he felt none on earth。         It is from this cause�察�more 

than from any other�察�that his description of Heaven is so far inferior to the 

Hell   or   the   Purgatory。    With   the   passions   and   miseries   of   the   suffering 

spirits he feels a strong sympathy。           But among the beatified he appears as 

one who has nothing in common with them�察� ´as one who is incapable of 

comprehending�察  �not   only   the   degree�察  �but   the   nature   of   their   enjoyment。 

We think that we see him standing amidst those smiling and radiant spirits 

with that scowl of unutterable misery on his brow�察�and that curl of bitter 

disdain on his lips�察�which all his portraits have preserved�察�and which might 

furnish Chantrey with hints for the head of his projected Satan。 

     There is no poet whose intellectual and moral character are so closely 

connected。       The   great   source�察  �as   it   appears   to   me�察  �of   the   power   of   the 

Divine Comedy is the strong belief with which the story seems to be told。 

In   this   respect�察  �the  only    books    which    approach     to   its  excellence    are 

Gulliver's      Travels     and    Robinson      Crusoe。       The     solemnity      of   his 

asseverations�察      �the   consistency       and    minuteness      of   his    details�察  �the 

earnestness with which he labours to make the reader understand the exact 

shape and size of everything that he describes�察�give an air of reality to his 

wildest     fictions。    I    should    only    weaken     this   statement     by   quoting 

instances   of   a   feeling   which   pervades   the   whole   work�察  �and   to   which   it 

owes much of its fascination。             This is the real justification of the many 

passages in his poem which bad critics have condemned as grotesque。                          I 

am concerned to see that Mr Cary�察�to whom Dante owes more than ever 

poet owed to translator�察�has sanctioned an accusation utterly unworthy of 

his   abilities。   ;His    solicitude�察─   �says   that  gentleman�察      �to  define   all  his 

images in such a manner as to bring them within the circle of our vision�察�

and   to   subject   them  to   the   power   of   the   pencil�察  �renders   him  little   better 

than grotesque�察�where Milton has since taught us to expect sublimity。;                      It 

is   true   that   Dante   has   never   shrunk   from   embodying   his   conceptions   in 

determinate words�察�that he has even given measures and numbers�察�where 

Milton would have left his images to float undefined in a gorgeous haze of 

language。      Both     were   right。   Milton   did     not   profess   to  have    been   in 



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heaven      or   hell。   He     might     therefore    reasonably      confine     himself    to 

magnificent       generalities。     Far     different   was    the   office   of   the   lonely 

traveller�察  �who   had   wandered   through   the   nations   of   the   dead。        Had   he 

described   the   abode   of   the   rejected   spirits   in   language   resembling   the 

splendid lines of the English Poet��had he told us of 

     ;An universe of death�察�which God by curse Created evil�察�for evil only 

good�察  �Where   all   life   dies�察  �death   lives�察  �and   Nature   breeds   Perverse   all 

monstrous�察      �all  prodigious     things�察   �Abominable�察      �unutterable�察    �and   worse 

Than fables yet have feigned�察�or fear conceived�察�Gorgons�察�and hydras�察�and 

chimaeras dire; 

     this would doubtless have been noble writing。                 But where would have 

been that strong impression of reality�察�which�察�in accordance with his plan�察�

it   should    have    been    his   great   object    to  produce�拭     �It  was    absolutely 

necessary   for   him   to   delineate   accurately   ;all   monstrous�察  �all   prodigious 

things�察�to utter what might to others appear ;unutterable�察�to relate with 

the air of truth what fables had never feigned��to embody what fear had 

never   conceived。 And   I   will   frankly   confess   that   the   vague   sublimity   of 

Milton     affects    me   less  than    these   reviled   details   of   Dante。    We     read 

Milton�察�and we  know that we  are reading a great poet。                      When we  read 

Dante�察�the poet vanishes。           We are listening to the man who has returned 

from   ;the   valley   of   the   dolorous   abyss�察─  。─�Lavalle   d'abisso   doloroso。; 

Inferno�察  �cantoiv。��we   seem   to   see   the   dilated   eye   of   horror�察  �to   hear   the 

shuddering   accents   with   which   he   tells   his   fearful   tale。     Considered   in 

this   light�察  �the  narratives    are   exactly   what     they   should    be��definite    in 

themselves�察      �but  suggesting      to  the  mind     ideas   of  awful    and   indefinite 

wonder。       They are made up of the images of the earth�此� ´they are told in 

the language of the earth。Yet the whole effect is�察�beyond expression�察�wild 

and unearthly。        The fact is�察�that supernatural beings�察�as long as they are 

considered merely with reference to their own nature�察�excite our feelings 

very  feebly。      It   is   when   the   great   gulf   which   separates   them  from  us   is 

passed�察�when we suspect some strange and undefinable relation between 

the laws of the visible and the invisible world�察�that they rouse�察�perhaps�察�the 

strongest emotions of which our nature is capable。                   How many children�察�

and how many men�察�are afraid of ghosts�察�who are not afraid of God�                        �And 



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this�察  �because�察  �though   they   entertain   a   much   stronger   conviction   of   the 

existence      of  a  Deity    than   of  the   reality   of  apparitions�察    �they   have    no 

apprehension that he will manifest himself to them in any sensible manner。 

While this is the case�察�to describe superhuman beings in the language�察�and 

to    attribute    to   them    the    actions�察   �of   humanity      may     be   grotesque�察�

unphilosophical�察  �inconsistent�察  �but   it   will   be   the   only   mode   of   working 

upon the feelings of men�察�and�察�therefore�察�the only mode suited for poetry。 

Shakspeare        understood      this   well�察   �as  he    understood      everything      that 

belonged to his art。         Who does not sympathise with the rapture of Ariel�察�

flying   after   sunset   on   the   wings   of   the   bat�察  �or   sucking   in   the   cups   of 

flowers with the bee�拭         �Who does not shudder at the caldron of 

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