the spirit of place and other essays-第8章

按键盘上方向键 ← 或 → 可快速上下翻页，按键盘上的 Enter 键可回到本书目录页，按键盘上方向键 ↑ 可回到本页顶部！
————未阅读完？加入书签已便下次继续阅读！



comedy。　　The　Deputies　seated　in　the　interior　of　the　omnibus　had

been；　it　will　be　remembered；　shut　out　of　their　Chamber　by　the

perpetrator　of　the　Coup　d'Etat；　but　each　had　his　official　scarf。

Scarfpish！〃l'echarpe！〃　　〃Ceindre　l'echarpe〃there　is　no　real

English　equivalent。　　Civic　responsibility　never　was　otherwise

adequately　expressed。　　An　indignant　deputy　passed　his　scarf　through

the　window　of　the　omnibus；　as　an　appeal　to　the　public；　〃et　l'agita。〃

It　is　a　pity　that　the　French　reader；　having　no　simpler　word；　is　not

in　a　position　to　understand　the　slight　burlesque。　　Nay；　the　mere

word　〃public；〃　spoken　with　this　peculiar　French　good　faith；　has　for

us　I　know　not　what　untransferable　gravity。



There　is；　in　short；　a　general　international　counterchange。　　It　is

altogether　in　accordance　with　our　actual　state　of　civilization；　with

its　extremely　〃specialized〃　manner　of　industry；　that　one　people

should　make　a　phrase；　and　another　should　have　and　enjoy　it。　　And；　in

fact；　there　are　certain　French　authors　to　whom　should　be　secured　the

use　of　the　literary　German　whereof　Germans；　and　German　women　in

particular；　ought　with　all　severity　to　be　deprived。　　For　Germans

often　tell　you　of　words　in　their　own　tongue　that　are　untranslatable；

and　accordingly　they　should　not　be　translated；　but　given　over　in

their　own　conditions；　unaltered；　into　safer　hands。　　There　would　be　a

clearing　of　the　outlines　of　German　ideas；　a　better　order　in　the

phrase；　the　possessors　of　an　alien　word；　with　the　thought　it

secures；　would　find　also　their　advantage。



So　with　French　humour。　　It　is　expressly　and　signally　for　English

ears。　　It　is　so　even　in　the　commonest　farce。　　The　unfortunate

householder；　for　example；　who　is　persuaded　to　keep　walking　in　the

conservatory　〃pour　retablir　la　circulation；〃　and　the　other　who

describes　himself　〃sous…chef　de　bureau　dans　l'enregistrement；〃　and

he　who　proposes　to　〃faire　hommage〃　of　a　doubtful　turbot　to　the

neighbouring　〃employe　de　l'octroi〃these　and　all　their　like　speak

commonplaces　so　usual　as　to　lose　in　their　own　country　the　perfection

of　their　dulness。　　We　only；　who　have　the　alternative　of　plainer　and

fresher　words；　understand　it。　　It　is　not　the　least　of　the　advantages

of　our　own　dual　English　that　we　become　sensible　of　the　mockery　of

certain　phrases　that　in　France　have　lost　half　their　ridicule；

uncontrasted。



Take　again　the　common　rhetoric　that　has　fixed　itself　in　conversation

in　all　Latin　languagesrhetoric　that　has　ceased　to　have　allusions；

either　majestic　or　comic。　　To　the　ear　somewhat　unused　to　French　this

proffers　a　frequent　comedy　that　the　well…accustomed　ear；　even　of　an

Englishman；　no　longer　detects。　　A　guard　on　a　French　railway；　who

advised　two　travellers　to　take　a　certain　train　for　fear　they　should

be　obliged　to　〃vegeter〃　for　a　whole　hour　in　the　waiting…room　of　such

or　such　a　station　seemed　to　the　less　practised　tourist　to　be　a　fresh

kind　of　unexpected　humourist。



One　of　the　phrases　always　used　in　the　business　of　charities　and

subscriptions　in　France　has　more　than　the　intentional　comedy　of　the

farce…writer；　one　of　the　most　absurd　of　his　personages；　wearying　his

visitors　in　the　country　with　a　perpetual　game　of　bowls；　says　to

them：　　〃Nous　jouons　cinquante　centimesles　benefices　seront　verses

integralement　e　la　souscription　qui　est　ouverte　e　la　commune　pour　la

construction　de　notre　maison　d'ecole。〃



〃Fletrir；〃　again。　　Nothing　could　be　more　rhetorical　than　this

perfectly　common　word　of　controversy。　　The　comic　dramatist　is　well

aware　of　the　spent　violence　of　this　phrase；　with　which　every　serious

Frenchman　will　reply　to　opponents；　especially　in　public　matters。

But　not　even　the　comic　dramatist　is　aware　of　the　last　state　of

refuse　commonplace　that　a　word　of　this　kind　represents。　　Refuse

rhetoric；　by　the　way；　rather　than　Emerson's　〃fossil　poetry；〃　would

seem　to　be　the　right　name　for　human　language　as　some　of　the

processes　of　the　several　recent　centuries　have　left　it。



The　French　comedy；　then；　is　fairly　stuffed　with　thin…S　for　an

Englishman。　　They　are　not　all；　it　is　true；　so　finely　comic　as　〃Il

s'est　trompe　de　defunte。〃　　In　the　report　of　that　dull；　incomparable

sentence　there　is　enough　humour；　and　subtle　enough；　for　both　the

maker　and　the　reader；　for　the　author　who　perceives　the　comedy　as

well　as　custom　will　permit；　and　for　the　reader　who　takes　it　with　the

freshness　of　a　stranger。　　But　if　not　so　keen　as　this；　the　current

word　of　French　comedy　is　of　the　same　quality　of　language。　　When　of

the　fourteen　couples　to　be　married　by　the　mayor；　for　instance；　the

deaf　clerk　has　shuffled　two；　a　looker…on　pronounces：　　〃Il　s'est

empetre　dans　les　futurs。〃　　But　for　a　reader　who　has　a　full　sense　of

the　several　languages　that　exist　in　English　at　the　service　of　the

several　ways　of　human　life；　there　is；　from　the　mere　terminology　of

official　France；　high　or　lowdaily　Francea　gratuitous　and

uncovenanted　smile　to　be　had。　　With　this　the　wit　of　the　report　of

French　literature　has　not　little　to　do。　　Nor　is　it　in　itself；

perhaps；　reasonably　comic；　but　the　slightest　irony　of　circumstance

makes　it　so。　　A　very　little　of　the　mockery　of　conditions　brings　out

all　the　latent　absurdity　of　the　〃sixieme　et　septieme　arron…

dissements；〃　in　the　twinkling　of　an　eye。　　So　is　it　with　the　mere

〃domicile；〃　with　the　aid　of　but　a　little　of　the　burlesque　of　life；

the　suit　at　law　to　〃reintegrer　le　domicile　conjugal〃　becomes　as

grotesque　as　a　phrase　can　make　it。　　Even　〃e　domicile〃　merelythe

word　of　every　shopmanis；　in　the　unconscious　mouths　of　the

speakers；　always　awaiting　the　lightest　touch　of　farce；　if　only　an

Englishman　hears　it；　so　is　the　advice　of　the　police　that　you　shall

〃circuler〃　in　the　street；　so　is　the　request；　posted　up；　that　you

shall　not；　in　the　churches。



So　are　the　serious　and　ordinary　phrases；　〃maison　nuptiale；〃　〃maison

mortuaire；〃　and　the　still　more　serious　〃repos　dominical；〃　〃oraison

dominicale。〃　　There　is　no　majesty　in　such　words。　　The　unsuspicious

gravity　with　which　they　are　spoken　broadcast　is　not　to　be　wondered

at；　the　language　offering　no　relief　of　contrast；　and　what　is　much　to

the　credit　of　the　comic　sensibility　of　literature　is　the　fact　that；

through　this　general　unconsciousness；　the　ridicule　of　a　thousand

authors　of　comedy　perceives　the　fun；　and　singles　out　the　familiar

thing；　and　compels　that　most　elaborate　dulness　to　amuse　us。　　US；

above　all；　by　virtue　of　the　custom　of　counter…change　here　set　forth。



Who　shall　say　whether；　by　operation　of　the　same　exchange；　the

English　poets　that　so　persist　in　France　may　not　reveal　something

within　the　English　languageone　would　be　somewhat　loth　to　think　so…

…reserved　to　the　French　reader　peculiarly？　　Byron　to　the　multitude；

Edgar　Poe　to　the　select？　　Then　would　some　of　the　mysteries　of　French

reading　of　English　be　explained　otherwise　than　by　the　plainer

explanation　that　has　hitherto　satisfied　our　haughty　curiosity。　　The

taste　for　rhetoric　seemed　to　account　for　Byron；　and　the　desire　of

the　rhetorician　to　claim　a　taste　for　poetry　seemed　to　account　for

Poe。　　But；　after　all；　PATATRAS！　　Who　can　say？







RAIN







Not　excepting　the　falling　starsfor　they　are　far　less　suddenthere

is　nothing　in　nature　that　so　outstrips　our　unready　eyes　as　the

familiar　rain。　　The　rods　that　thinly　stripe　our　landscape；　long

shafts　from　the　clouds；　if　we　had　but　agility　to　make　the　arrowy

downward　journey　with　them　by　the　glancing　of　our　eyes；　would　be

infinitely　separate；　units；　an　innumerable　flight　of　single　things；

and　the　simple　movement　of　intricate　points。



The　long　stroke　of　the　raindrop；　which　is　the　drop　and　its　path　at

once；　being　our　impression　of　a　shower；　shows　us　how　certainly　our

impression　is　the　effect　of　the　lagging；　and　not　of　the　haste；　of

our　senses。　　What　we　are　apt　to　call　our　quick　impression　is　rather

our　sensibly　tardy；　unprepared；　surprised；　outrun；　lightly

bewildered　sense　of　things　that　flash　and　fall；　wink；　and　are

overpast　and　renewed；　while　the　gentle　eyes　of　man　hesitate　and

mingle　the　beginning　with　the　close。　　These　inexpert　eyes；

delicately　baffled；　detain　for　an　instant　the　image　that　puzzles

them；　and　so　dally　with　the　bright　progress　of　a　meteor；　and　part

slowly　from　the　slender　course　of　the　already　fallen　raindrop；　whose

moments　are　not　theirs。　　There　seems　to　be　such　a　difference　of

instants　as　invests　all　swift　movement　with　mystery　in　man's　eyes；

and　causes　the　past；　a　moment　old；　to　be　written；　vanishing；　upon

the　skies。



The　visible　world　is　etched　and　engraved　with　the　signs　and　records

of　our　halting　apprehension；　and　the　pause　between　the　distant

woodman's　stroke　with　the　axe　and　its　sound　upon　our　ears　is

repeated　in　the　impressions　of　our　clinging　sight。　　The　round　wheel

dazzles　it；　and　the　stroke　of　the　bird's　wing　shakes　it　off　like　a

captivity　evaded。　　Everywhere　the　natural　haste　is　impatient　of

these　timid　senses；　and　their　perception；　outrun　by　the　shower；

shaken　by　the　light；　denied　by　the　shadow；　eluded　by　the　distance；

makes　the　lingering　picture　that　is　all　our　art。　　One　of　the　most

constant　causes　of　all　the　mystery　and　beauty　of　that　art　is　surely

not　that　we　see　by　flashes；　but　that　nature　flashes　on　our

meditative　eyes。　　There　is　no　need　for　the　impressionist　to　make

haste；　nor　would　haste　avail　him；　for　mobile　nature　doubles　upon

him；　and　plays　with　his　delays　the　exquisite　game　of　visibility。



Momently　visible　in　a　shower；　invisible　within　the　earth；　the

ministration　of　water　is　so　manifest　in　the　coming　rain…cloud　that

the　husbandman　is　allowed　to　see　the　rain　of　his　own　land；　yet

unclaimed　in　the　arms　of　the　rainy　wind。　　It　is　an　eager　lien　that

he　binds　the　shower　withal；　and　the　grasp　of　his　anxiety　is　on　the

coming　cloud。　　His　sense　of　property　takes　aim　and　reckons　distance

and　speed；　and　even　as　he　shoots　a　little　ahead　of　the　equally

uncertain　ground…game；　he　knows　approximately　how　to　hit　the　cloud

of　his　possession。　　So　much　is　the　rain　bound　to　the　earth　that；

unable　to　compel　it；　man　has　yet　found　a　way；　by　lying　in　wait；　to

put　his　price　upon　it。　　The　exhaustible　cloud　〃outweeps　its　rain；〃

and　only　the　inexhaustible　sun　seems　to　repeat　and　to　enforce　his

cumulative　fires　upon　every　span　of　ground；　innumerable。　　The　rain

is　wasted　upon　the　sea；　but　only　by　a　fantasy　can　the　sun's　waste　be

made　a　reproach　to　the　ocean；　the　desert；　or　the　sealed…up　street。

Rossetti's　〃vain　virtues〃　are　the　virtues　of　the　rain；　falling

unfruitfully。



Baby　of　the　cloud；　rain　is　carried　long　enough　within　that　troubled

breast　to　make　all　the　multitude　of　days　unlike　each　other。　　Rain；

as　the　end　of　the　cloud；　divides　light　and　withholds　it；　in　its

flight　warning　away　the　sun；　and　in　its　final　fall　dismissing

shadow。　　It　is　a　threat　and　a　reconciliation；　it　removes　mountains

compared　with　which　the　Alps　are　hillocks；　and　makes　a　childlike

peace　between　opposed　heights　and　battle