the writings-5-第51章

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since；　and　in　which　General　T。　W。　Sherman　was　and　is　to　bear　a

conspicuous　part；　is　in　no　wise　to　be　abandoned；　but　must　be　ready　to

move　by　the　1st　of；　or　very　early　in；　October。　　　Let　all　preparations

go　forward　accordingly。



Yours　truly；

A。　LINCOLN。









TO　GENERAL　FREMONT；



WASHINGTON；　SEPTEMBER　12；　1861



MAJOR…GENERAL　FREMONT：



Governor　Morton　telegraphs　as　follows：　〃Colonel　Lane；　just　arrived　by

special　train；　represents　Owensborough；　forty　miles　above　Evansville；

in　possession　of　secessionists。　　Green　River　is　navigable。

Owensborough　must　be　seized。　　We　want　a　gunboat　sent　up　from　Paducah

for　that　purpose。〃　Send　up　the　gunboat　if；　in　your　discretion；　you

think　it　right。　　Perhaps　you　had　better　order　those　in　charge　of　the

Ohio　River　to　guard　it　vigilantly　at　all　points。



A。　LINCOLN。









To　O。　H。　BROWNING。



（Private　and　Confidential）



EXECUTIVE　MANSION；　WASHINGTON

SEPTEMBER　22；　1861



HON。　O。　H。　BROWNING。



MY　DEAR　SIR：Yours　of　the　17th　is　just　received；　and　coming　from　you；

I　confess　it　astonishes　me。　　That　you　should　object　to　my　adhering　to

a　law　which　you　had　assisted　in　making　and　presenting　to　me　less　than

a　month　before　is　odd　enough。　　But　this　is　a　very　small　part。

General　Fremont's　proclamation　as　to　confiscation　of　property　and　the

liberation　of　slaves　is　purely　political　and　not　within　the　range　of

military　law　or　necessity。　　If　a　commanding　general　finds　a　necessity

to　seize　the　farm　of　a　private　owner　for　a　pasture；　an　encampment；　or

a　fortification；　he　has　the　right　to　do　so；　and　to　so　hold　it　as　long

as　the　necessity　lasts；　and　this　is　within　military　law；　because

within　military　necessity。　　But　to　say　the　farm　shall　no　longer

belong　to　the　owner；　or　his　heirs　forever；　and　this　as　well　when　the

farm　is　not　needed　for　military　purposes　as　when　it　is；　is　purely

political；　without　the　savor　of　military　law　about　it。　　And　the　same

is　true　of　slaves。　　If　the　general　needs　them；　he　can　seize　them　and

use　them；　but　when　the　need　is　past；　it　is　not　for　him　to　fix　their

permanent　future　condition。　　　That　must　be　settled　according　to　laws

made　by　law…makers；　and　not　by　military　proclamations。　　The

proclamation　in　the　point　in　question　is　simply　〃dictatorship。〃　It

assumes　that　the　general　may　do　anything　he　pleases　confiscate　the

lands　and　free　the　slaves　of　loyal　people；　as　well　as　of　disloyal

ones。　　And　going　the　whole　figure；　I　have　no　doubt；　would　be　more

popular　with　some　thoughtless　people　than　that　which　has　been　done；

But　I　cannot　assume　this　reckless　position；　nor　allow　others　to

assume　it　on　my　responsibility。



You　speak　of　it　as　being　the　only　means　of　saving　the　government。　　On

the　contrary；　it　is　itself　the　surrender　of　the　government。　　Can　it

be　pretended　that　it　is　any　longer　the　Government　of　the　United

Statesany　government　of　constitution　and　laws　wherein　a　general　or

a　president　may　make　permanent　rules　of　property　by　proclamation？　I

do　not　say　Congress　might　not　with　propriety　pass　a　law　on　the　point；

just　such　as　General　Fremont　proclaimed。



I　do　not　say　I　might　not；　as　a　member　of　Congress；　vote　for　it。　　What

I　object　to　is；　that　I；　as　President；　shall　expressly　or　impliedly

seize　and　exercise　the　permanent　legislative　functions　of　the

government。



So　much　as　to　principle。　　Now　as　to　policy。　　No　doubt　the　thing　was

popular　in　some　quarters；　and　would　have　been　more　so　if　it　had　been

a　general　declaration　of　emancipation。　　The　Kentucky　Legislature

would　not　budge　till　that　proclamation　was　modified；　and　General

Anderson　telegraphed　me　that　on　the　news　of　General　Fremont　having

actually　issued　deeds　of　manumission；　a　whole　company　of　our

volunteers　threw　down　their　arms　and　disbanded。　　I　was　so　assured　as

to　think　it　probable　that　the　very　arms　we　had　furnished　Kentucky

would　be　turned　against　us。　　I　think　to　lose　Kentucky　is　nearly　the

same　as　to　lose　the　whole　game。　　Kentucky　gone；　we　cannot　hold

Missouri；　nor；　as　I　think；　Maryland。　　These　all　against　us；　and　the

job　on　our　hands　is　too　large　for　us。　　We　would　as　well　consent　to

separation　at　once；　including　the　surrender　of　this　Capital。　　On　the

contrary；　if　you　will　give　up　your　restlessness　for　new　positions；

and　back　me　manfully　on　the　grounds　upon　which　you　and　other　kind

friends　gave　me　the　election　and　have　approved　in　my　public

documents；　we　shall　go　through　triumphantly。　　You　must　not　understand

I　took　my　course　on　the　proclamation　because　of　Kentucky。　　I　took　the

same　ground　in　a　private　letter　to　General　Fremont　before　I　heard

from　Kentucky。



You　think　I　am　inconsistent　because　I　did　not　also　forbid　General

Fremont　to　shoot　men　under　the　proclamation。　　I　understand　that　part

to　be　within　military　law；　but　I　also　think；　and　so　privately　wrote

General　Fremont；　that　it　is　impolitic　in　this；　that　our　adversaries

have　the　power；　and　will　certainly　exercise　it；　to　shoot　as　many　of

our　men　as　we　shoot　of　theirs。　　　I　did　not　say　this　in　the　public

letter；　because　it　is　a　subject　I　prefer　not　to　discuss　in　the

hearing　of　our　enemies。



There　has　been　no　thought　of　removing　General　Fremont　on　any　ground

connected　with　his　proclamation；　and　if　there　has　been　any　wish　for

his　removal　on　any　ground；　our　mutual　friend　Sam。　　Glover　can

probably　tell　you　what　it　was。　　I　hope　no　real　necessity　for　it

exists　on　any　ground。



Your　friend；　as　ever；



A。　LINCOLN









MEMORANDUM　FOR　A　PLAN　OF　CAMPAIGN

＇OCTOBER　1？＇　1861



On　or　about　the　5th　of　October　（the　exact　date　to　be　determined

hereafter）　I　wish　a　movement　made　to　seize　and　hold　a　point　on　the

railroad　connecting　Virginia　and　Tennessee　near　the　mountain…pass

called　Cumberland　Gap。　　That　point　is　now　guarded　against　us　by

Zollicoffer；　with　6000　or　8000　rebels　at　Barboursville　Ky。；say

twenty…five　miles　from　the　Gap；　toward　Lexington。　　　We　have　a　force

of　5000　or　6000　under　General　Thomas；　at　Camp　Dick　Robinson；　about

twenty…five　miles　from　Lexington　and　seventy…five　from　Zollicoffer's

camp；　On　the　road　between　the　two。　　There　is　not　a　railroad　anywhere

between　Lexington　and　the　point　to　be　seized；　and　along　the　whole

length　of　which　the　Union　sentiment　among　the　people　largely

predominates。　　We　have　military　possession　of　the　railroad　from

Cincinnati　to　Lexington；　and　from　Louisville　to　Lexington；　and　some

home　guards；　under　General　Crittenden；　are　on　the　latter　line。　　　We

have　possession　of　the　railroad　from　Louisville　to　Nashville；　Tenn。；

so　far　as　Muldraugh's　Hill；　about　forty　miles；　and　the　rebels　have

possession　of　that　road　all　south　of　there。　　At　the　Hill　we　have　a

force　of　8000；　under　General　Sherman；　and　about　an　equal　force　of

rebels　is　a　very　short　distance　south；　under　General　Buckner。



We　have　a　large　force　at　Paducah；　and　a　smaller　at　Port　Holt；　both　on

the　Kentucky　side；　with　some　at　Bird's　Point；　Cairo；　Mound　City；

Evansville；　and　New　Albany；　all　on　the　other　side；　and　all　which；

with　the　gunboats　on　the　river；　are　perhaps　sufficient　to　guard　the

Ohio　from　Louisville　to　its　mouth。



About　supplies　of　troops；　my　general　idea　is　that　all　from　Wisconsin；

Minnesota；　Iowa；　Illinois；　Missouri；　and　Kansas；　not　now　elsewhere；

be　left　to　Fremont。　　All　from　Indiana　and　Michigan；　not　now

elsewhere；　be　sent　to　Anderson　at　Louisville。　　All　from　Ohio　needed

in　western　Virginia　be　sent　there；　and　any　remainder　be　sent　to

Mitchell　at　Cincinnati；　for　Anderson。　　All　east　of　the　mountains　be

appropriated　to　McClellan　and　to　the　coast。



As　to　movements；　my　idea　is　that　the　one　for　the　coast　and　that　on

Cumberland　Gap　be　simultaneous；　and　that　in　the　meantime　preparation；

vigilant　watching；　and　the　defensive　only　be　acted　upon；　this；

however；　not　to　apply　to　Fremont's　operations　in　northern　and　middle

Missouri。　　That　before　these　movements　Thomas　and　Sherman　shall

respectively　watch　but　not　attack　Zollicoffer　and　Buckner。　　That　when

the　coast　and　Gap　movements　shall　be　ready　Sherman　is　merely　to　stand

fast；　while　all　at　Cincinnati　and　all　at　Louisville；　with　all　on　the

line；　concentrate　rapidly　at　Lexington；　and　thence　to　Thomas's　camp；

joining　him；　and　the　whole　thence　upon　the　Gap。　　It　is　for　the

military　men　to　decide　whether　they　can　find　a　pass　through　the

mountains　at　or　near　the　Gap　which　cannot　be　defended　by　the　enemy

with　a　greatly　inferior　force；　and　what　is　to　be　done　in　regard　to

this。



The　coast　and　Gap　movements　made；　Generals　McClellan　and　Fremont；　in

their　respective　departments；　will　avail　themselves　of　any　advantages

the　diversions　may　present。



＇He　was　entirely　unable　to　get　this　started；　Sherman　would　have　taken

an　active　part　if　given　him；　the　others　were　too　busy　getting　lines

of　communication　guardedand　discovering　many　〃critical〃　supply

items　that　had　not　been　sent　them。　　　Also　the　commanding　general　did

not　like　it。　　　D。W。＇









TO　THE　SECRETARY　OF　STATE。

EXECUTIVE　MANSION；　October　4；　1861



HONORABLE　SECRETARY　OF　STATE。



DEAR　SIR：Please　see　Mr。　Walker；　well　vouched　as　a　Union　man　and

son…in…law　of　Governor　Morehead；　and　pleading　for　his　release。　　I

understand　the　Kentucky　arrests　were　not　made　by　special　direction

from　here；　and　I　am　willing　if　you　are　that　any　of　the　parties　may　be

released　when　James　Guthrie　and　James　Speed　think　they　should　be。



Yours　truly；

A。　LINCOLN。









TO　THE　VICEROY　OF　EGYPT。



WASHINGTON；　October　11；　1861。



GREAT　AND　GOOD　FRIEND：I　have　received　from　Mr。　Thayer；　Consul…

General　of　the　United　States　at　Alexandria；　a　full　account　of　the

liberal；　enlightened；　and　energetic　proceedings　which；　on　his

complaint；　you　have　adopted　in　bringing　to　speedy　and　condign

punishment　the　parties；　subjects　of　your　Highness　in　Upper　Egypt；　who

were　concerned　in　an　act　of　criminal　persecution　against　Faris；　an

agent　of　certain　Christian　missionaries　in　Upper　Egypt。　　I　pray　your

Highness　to　be　assured　that　these　proceedings；　at　once　so　prompt　and

so　just；　will　be　regarded　as　a　new　and　unmistakable　proof　equally　of

your　Highness's　friendship　for　the　United　States　and　of　the　firmness；

integrity　and　wisdom；　with　which　the　government　of　your　Highness　is

conducted。　　Wishing　you　great　prosperity　and　success；　I　am　your

friend；



ABRAHAM　LINCOLN。



HIS　HIGHNESS　MOHAMMED　SAID　PACHA；

Viceroy　of　Egypt　and　its　Dependencies；　etc。



By　the　President：

WILLIAM　H。　SEWARD；　Secretary　of　State。









ORDER　AUTHORIZING　SUSPENSION　OF　THE　WRIT　OF

HABEAS　CORPUS。



October　14　1861



LIEUTENANT…GENERAL　WINFIELD　SCOTT：



The　military　line　of　the　United　States　for　the　suppression　of　the

insurrection　may　be　extended　so　far　as　Bangor；　in　Maine。　　You　and　any

officer　acting　under　your　authority　are　hereby　authorized　to　suspend

the　writ　of　habeas　corpus　in　any　place　between　that　place　and　the

city　of　Washington。



ABRAHAM　LINC