the wars of the jews-第34章

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1。　Now　when　Caius　had　reigned　three　year's　and　eight　months；　and　had　been　slain　by　treachery；　Claudius　was　hurried　away　by　the　armies　that　were　at　Rome　to　take　the　government　upon　him；　but　the　senate；　upon　the　reference　of　the　consuls；　Sentis　Saturninns；　and　Pomponins　Secundus；　gave　orders　to　the　three　regiments　of　soldiers　that　staid　with　them　to　keep　the　city　quiet；　and　went　up　into　the　capitol　in　great　numbers；　and　resolved　to　oppose　Claudius　by　force；　on　account　of　the　barbarous　treatment　they　had　met　with　from　Caius；　and　they　determined　either　to　settle　the　nation　under　an　aristocracy；　as　they　had　of　old　been　governed；　or　at　least　to　choose　by　vote　such　a　one　for　emperor　as　might　be　worthy　of　it。

2。　Now　it　happened　that　at　this　time　Agrippa　sojourned　at　Rome；　and　that　both　the　senate　called　him　to　consult　with　them；　and　at　the　same　time　Claudius　sent　for　him　out　of　the　camp；　that　he　might　be　serviceable　to　him；　as　he　should　have　occasion　for　his　service。　So　he；　perceiving　that　Claudius　was　in　effect　made　Caesar　already；　went　to　him；　who　sent　him　as　an　ambassador　to　the　senate；　to　let　them　know　what　his　intentions　were：　that；　in　the　first　place；　it　was　without　his　seeking　that　he　was　hurried　away　by　the　soldiers；　moreover；　that　he　thought　it　was　not　just　to　desert　those　soldiers　in　such　their　zeal　for　him；　and　that　if　he　should　do　so；　his　own　fortune　would　be　in　uncertainty；　for　that　it　was　a　dangerous　case　to　have　been　once　called　to　the　empire。　He　added　further；　that　he　would　administer　the　government　as　a　good　prince；　and　not　like　a　tyrant；　for　that　he　would　be　satisfied　with　the　honor　of　being　called　emperor；　but　would；　in　every　one　of　his　actions；　permit　them　all　to　give　him　their　advice；　for　that　although　he　had　not　been　by　nature　for　moderation；　yet　would　the　death　of　Caius　afford　him　a　sufficient　demonstration　how　soberly　he　ought　to　act　in　that　station。　　3。　This　message　was　delivered　by　Agrippa；　to　which　the　senate　replied；　that　since　they　had　an　army；　and　the　wisest　counsels　on　their　side；　they　would　not　endure　a　voluntary　slavery。　And　when　Claudius　heard　what　answer　the　senate　had　made；　he　sent　Agrippa　to　them　again；　with　the　following　message：　That　he　could　not　bear　the　thoughts　of　betraying　them　that　had　given　their　oaths　to　be　true　to　him；　and　that　he　saw　he　must　fight；　though　unwillingly；　against　such　as　he　had　no　mind　to　fight；　that；　however；　＇if　it　must　come　to　that；＇　it　was　proper　to　choose　a　place　without　the　city　for　the　war；　because　it　was　not　agreeable　to　piety　to　pollute　the　temples　of　their　own　city　with　the　blood　of　their　own　countrymen；　and　this　only　on　occasion　of　their　imprudent　conduct。　And　when　Agrippa　had　heard　this　message；　he　delivered　it　to　the　senators。

4。　In　the　mean　time；　one　of　the　soldiers　belonging　to　the　senate　drew　his　sword；　and　cried　out；　〃O　my　fellow　soldiers；　what　is　the　meaning　of　this　choice　of　ours；　to　kill　our　brethren；　and　to　use　violence　to　our　kindred　that　are　with　Claudius？　while　we　may　have　him　for　our　emperor　whom　no　one　can　blame；　and　who　hath　so　many　just　reasons　＇to　lay　claim　to　the　government＇；　and　this　with　regard　to　those　against　whom　we　are　going　to　fight。〃　When　he　had　said　this；　he　marched　through　the　whole　senate；　and　carried　all　the　soldiers　along　with　him。　Upon　which　all　the　patricians　were　immediately　in　a　great　fright　at　their　being　thus　deserted。　But　still；　because　there　appeared　no　other　way　whither　they　could　turn　themselves　for　deliverance；　they　made　haste　the　same　way　with　the　soldiers；　and　went　to　Claudius。　But　those　that　had　the　greatest　luck　in　flattering　the　good　fortune　of　Claudius　betimes　met　them　before　the　walls　with　their　naked　swords；　and　there　was　reason　to　fear　that　those　that　came　first　might　have　been　in　danger；　before　Claudius　could　know　what　violence　the　soldiers　were　going　to　offer　them；　had　not　Agrippa　ran　before；　and　told　him　what　a　dangerous　thing　they　were　going　about；　and　that　unless　he　restrained　the　violence　of　these　men；　who　were　in　a　fit　of　madness　against　the　patricians；　he　would　lose　those　on　whose　account　it　was　most　desirable　to　rule；　and　would　be　emperor　over　a　desert。

5。　When　Claudius　heard　this；　he　restrained　the　violence　of　the　soldiery；　and　received　the　senate　into　the　camp；　and　treated　them　after　an　obliging　manner；　and　went　out　with　them　presently　to　offer　their　thank…offerings　to　God；　which　were　proper　upon；　his　first　coming　to　the　empire。　Moreover；　he　bestowed　on　Agrippa　his　whole　paternal　kingdom　immediately；　and　added　to　it；　besides　those　countries　that　had　been　given　by　Augustus　to　Herod；　Trachonitis　and　Auranitis；　and　still　besides　these；　that　kingdom　which　was　called　the　kingdom　of　Lysanius。　This　gift　he　declared　to　the　people　by　a　decree；　but　ordered　the　magistrates　to　have　the　donation　engraved　on　tables　of　brass；　and　to　be　set　up　in　the　capitol。　He　bestowed　on　his　brother　Herod；　who　was　also　his　son…in…law；　by　marrying　＇his　daughter＇　Bernice；　the　kingdom　of　Chalcis。

6。　So　now　riches　flowed　in　to　Agrippa　by　his　enjoyment　of　so　large　a　dominion；　nor　did　he　abuse　the　money　he　had　on　small　matters；　but　he　began　to　encompass　Jerusalem　with　such　a　wall；　which；　had　it　been　brought　to　perfection；　had　made　it　impracticable　for　the　Romans　to　take　it　by　siege；　but　his　death；　which　happened　at　Cesarea；　before　he　had　raised　the　walls　to　their　due　height；　prevented　him。　He　had　then　reigned　three　years；　as　he　had　governed　his　tetrarchies　three　other　years。　He　left　behind　him　three　daughters；　born　to　him　by　Cypros；　Bernice；　Mariamne；　and　Drusilla；　and　a　son　born　of　the　same　mother；　whose　name　was　Agrippa：　he　was　left　a　very　young　child；　so　that　Claudius　made　the　country　a　Roman　province；　and　sent　Cuspius　Fadus　to　be　its　procurator；　and　after　him　Tiberius　Alexander；　who；　making　no　alterations　of　the　ancient　laws；　kept　the　nation　in　tranquillity。　Now　after　this；　Herod　the　king　of　Chalcis　died；　and　left　behind　him　two　sons；　born　to　him　of　his　brother's　daughter　Bernice；　their　names　were　Bernie　Janus　and　Hyrcanus。　＇He　also　left　behind　him＇　Aristobulus；　whom　he　had　by　his　former　wife　Mariamne。　There　was　besides　another　brother　of　his　that　died　a　private　person；　his　name　was　also　Aristobulus；　who　left　behind　him　a　daughter；　whose　name　was　Jotape：　and　these；　as　I　have　formerly　said；　were　the　children　of　Aristobulus　the　son　of　Herod；　which　Aristobulus　and　Alexander　were　born　to　Herod　by　Mariamne；　and　were　slain　by　him。　But　as　for　Alexander's　posterity；　they　reigned　in　Armenia。

CHAPTER　12。

Many　Tumults　Under　Cumanus；　Which　Were　Composed　By　Quadratus。　Felix　Is　Procurator　Of　Judea。　Agrippa　Is　Advanced　From　Chalcis　To　A　Greater　Kingdom。

1　Now　after　the　death　of　Herod；　king　of　Chalcis；　Claudius　set　Agrippa；　the　son　of　Agrippa；　over　his　uncle's　kingdom；　while　Cumanus　took　upon　him　the　office　of　procurator　of　the　rest；　which　was　a　Roman　province；　and　therein　he　succeeded　Alexander；　under　which　Cureanus　began　the　troubles；　and　the　Jews'　ruin　came　on；　for　when　the　multitude　were　come　together　to　Jerusalem；　to　the　feast　of　unleavened　bread；　and　a　Roman　cohort　stood　over　the　cloisters　of　the　temple；　（for　they　always　were　armed；　and　kept　guard　at　the　festivals；　to　prevent　any　innovation　which　the　multitude　thus　gathered　together　might　make；）　one　of　the　soldiers　pulled　back　his　garment；　and　cowering　down　after　an　indecent　manner；　turned　his　breech　to　the　Jews；　and　spake　such　words　as　you　might　expect　upon　such　a　posture。　At　this　the　whole　multitude　had　indignation；　and　made　a　clamor　to　Cumanus；　that　he　would　punish　the　soldier；　while　the　rasher　part　of　the　youth；　and　such　as　were　naturally　the　most　tumultuous；　fell　to　fighting；　and　caught　up　stones；　and　threw　them　at　the　soldiers。　Upon　which　Cumanus　was　afraid　lest　all　the　people　should　make　an　assault　upon　him；　and　sent　to　call　for　more　armed　men；　who；　when　they　came　in　great　numbers　into　the　cloisters；　the　Jews　were　in　a　very　great　consternation；　and　being　beaten　out　of　the　temple；　they　ran　into　the　city；　and　the　violence　with　which　they　crowded　to　get　out　was　so　great；　that　they　trod　upon　each　other；　and　squeezed　one　another；　till　ten　thousand　of　them　were　killed；　insomuch　that　this　feast　became　the　cause　of　mourning　to　the　whole　nation；　and　every　family　lamented　their　own　relations。

2。　Now　there　followed　after　this　another　calamity；　which　arose　from　a　tumult　made　by　robbers；　for　at　the　public　road　at　Beth…boron；　one　Stephen；　a　servant　of　Caesar；　carried　some　furniture；　which　the　robbers　fell　upon　and　seized。　Upon　this　Cureanus　sent　men　to　go　round　about　to　the　neighboring　villages；　and　to　bring　their　inhabitants　to　him　bound；　as　laying　it　to　their　charge　that　they　had　not　pursued　after　the　thieves；　and　caught　them。　Now　here　it　was　that　a　certain　soldier；　finding　the　sacred　book　of　the　law；　tore　it　to　pieces；　and　threw　it　into　the　fire。　（14）　Hereupon　the　Jews　were　in　great　disorder；　as　if　their　whole　country　were　in　a　flame；　and　assembled　themselves　so　many　of　them　by　their　zeal　for　their　religion；　as　by　an　engine；　and　ran　together　with　united　clamor　to　Cesarea；　to　Cumanus；　and　made　supplication　to　him　that　he　would　not　overlook　this　man；　who　had　offered　such　an　affront　to　God；　and　to　his　law；　but　punish　him　for　what　he　had　done。　Accordingly；　he；　perceiving　that　the　multitude　would　not　be　quiet　unless　they　had　a　comfortable　answer　from　him；　gave　order　that　the　soldier　should　be　brought；　and　drawn　through　those　that　required　to　have　him　punished；　to　execution；　which　being　done；　the　Jews　went　their　ways。

3。　After　this　there　happened　a　fight　between　the　Galileans　and　the　Samaritans；　it　happened　at　a　village　called　Geman；　which　is　situate　in　the　great　plain　of　Samaria；　where；　as　a　great　number　of　Jews　were　going　up　to　Jerusalem　to　the　feast　＇of　tabernacles；＇　a　certain　Galilean　was　slain；　and　besides；　a　vast　number　of　people　ran　together　out　of　Galilee；　in　order　to　fight　with　the　Samaritans。　But　the　principal　men　among　them　came　to　Cumanus；　and　besought　him　that；　before　the　evil　became　incurable；　he　would　come　into　Galilee；　and　bring　the　authors　of　this　murder　to　punishment；　for　that　there　was　no　other　way　to　make　the　multitude　separate　without　coming　to　blows。　However；　Cumanus　postponed　their　supplications　to　the　other　affairs　he　was　then　about；　and　sent　the　petitioners　away　without　success。

4。　But　when　the　affair　of　this　murder　came　to　be　told　at　Jerusalem；　it　put　the　multitude　into　disorder；　and　they　left　the　feast；　and　without　any　generals　to　conduct　them；　they　marched　with　great　violence　to　Samaria；　nor　would　they　be　ruled　by　any　of　the　magistrates　that　were　set　over　them；　but　they　were　managed　by　one　Eleazar；　the　son　of　Dineus；　and　by　Alexander；　in　these　their　thievish　and　seditious　attempts。　These　men　fell　upon　those　that　were　ill　the　neighborhood　of　the　Acrabatene　toparchy；　and　slew　them；　without　sparing　any　age；　and　set　the　villages　on　fire。　　5。　But　Cumanus　took　one　troop　of　horsemen；　called　the　troop　of　Sebaste；　out　of　Cesarea；　and　came　to　the　assistance　of　those　that　were　spoiled；　he　also　seized　upon　a　great　number　of　those　that　followed　Eleazar；　and　slew　more　of　them。　And　as　for　the　rest　of　the　multitude　of　those　that　went　so　zealously　to　fight　with　the　Samaritans；　the　rulers　of　Jerusalem　ran　out　clothed　with　sackcloth；　and　having　ashes　on　their　head；　and　begged　of　the