north american species of cactus(北美仙人掌)-第3章
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Mexico （Hemsley）； Fl。May； June。
Specimens examined： Texas （Wright of 1851； 1852； Bigelow of 1853）：
New Mexico （〃Missouri Volunteers〃 of 1847； unknown collector in 1880）；
also specimens cultivated in St。 Louis in 1853； and others growing in Mo。
Bot。 Gard。 1893。
Dr。 Engelmann regarded this species as possibly only a variety of C。
heyderi； to which it is certainly very closely allied through var。
hemisphaerica； but the different tubercles and fewer stouter spines serve
so well to distinguish it that it seems best to retain its specific rank。
In reference to the citation of the original description an explanation
seems necessary； which will apply to numerous similar cases。The Pacif。 R。
Rep。 iv。 27 （1856）； Syn。 Cact。 263 （1858）； and Cact。 Mex。 Bound。 9 （1859）；
have each been cited as the original publication。The confusion has arisen
from the fact that in both the publications of 1856 the description in the
Rep。 Mex。 Bound。 is referred to； and in that report the plant is fully
described as 〃sp。 nov。〃However； the publication of the Boundary Report
was long delayed on account of the preparation of the plates； and in the
meantime both the publications of 1856 had appeared； in each one of
which the species is distinctly characterized and reference made to the
description in the forthcoming Boundary Report。 As between the two
publications of 1856 the Syn。 Cact。 （Proc。 Amer。 Acad。iii。 259） was
evidently distributed first。
8。Cactus gummiferus （Engelm。） Kuntze。 Rev。 Gen。 Pl。 260 （1891）。
Mamillaria gummiferaEngelm。 Wisliz。 Rep。 21 （1848）。
Hemispherical； 7。5 to 12。5 cm。 broad and 6 to 10 cm。 high： tubercles
12 to 15 mm。 long： radial spines 10 to 12； the lower stout； with dusky apex；
12 to 15 mm。 long； twice or thrice as long as the whitish setaceous upper
ones； central spine （sometimes two） shorter （about 4 mm。）； stout； dusky
and porrect： flowers 3 cm。 long； reddish…white； brownish…red outside： fruit
unknown。 （Ill。 Cact。 Mex。 Bound。 t。 9。 figs。 18…20）Type probably lost； as
no specimens could be found in the Engelmann Herbarium。
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North American Species of Cactus
Chihuahua； near Cosihuiriachi。
So far as can be discovered； this species has not been collected since
the original Wislizenus collection of 1846…47。The plants were cultivated
by Dr。 Engelmann and made to bloom； showing the flowers to be larger
and darker colored than in the rest of the group； from which the species
also differs in its more robust habit； its very unequal radial spines； and the
occasional occurrence of two centrals。
** Central spine hooked。
9。Cactus uncinatus （Zucc） Kuntze； Rev。 Gen。 Pl。 261 （1591）。
Mamillaria uncinataZucc。 in Pfeiff。 Enum。 34 （1837）。 Mamillaria
bihamataPfeiff。 in Otto and Deitr。 Gart。 vi。 274 （1840） Mamillaria
aduncaScheidw。 （1845…1849？）。Mamillaria depressaScheidw。 （1845…
1849？）。
Usually globose （occasionally depressed or even subcolumnar）； 5 to 6
cm。 in diameter （doubtless becoming larger）： tubercles 8 to 10 mm。 long；
woolly in the upper axils： radial spines 4 to 6； rigid； 4 to 6 mm。 long； the
upper one stouter than the rest and sometimes shorter； reddish…brown and
horny； straight or slightly curved； the remainder straight and white with
dusky tips； central spine stout and horny； reddish…brown； 7 to 10 mm。long：
flowers greenish…white or tinged with red： fruit unknown Type unknown。
Entirely Mexican； reported from Chihuahua to Saint Luis Potosi。
Specimens examined： San Luis Potosi （Gregg of 1848； Parry 268；
Eschanzier of 1891）： Chihuahua （Wislizenus of 1846…47； also Chihuahua
specimens cultivated in the Jacoby Garden in 1856 and 1857）。
The variations observed in this species do not seem sufficient for the
establishment of varieties。The type form seems to have been globose； with
4 radial spines and a stout central one。The depressed forms with 6 radials
and a more slender central represent var。 spinosior Lem。 （M。 depressa
Scheidw。）； and the subcolumnar forms with 6 radials （the upper one of
which is somewhat curved） and a stout strongly hooked central represent
var biuncinata Lem。 （M。 bihamata Pfeiff。）Such combinations of characters；
however； do not hold； as any one of the plant body forms may display any
one of the spine characters referred to。
B。 Tubercles terete。
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North American Species of Cactus
* Central spines none： mostly simple globose plants； with very
numerous straight whitish setaceous radials。
10。 Cactus lasiacanthus （Engelm。） Kuntze； Rev。 Gen。 Pl。 259
（1891）。
Mamillaria lasiacanthaEngelm。 Syn。 Cact。 261 （1856）。
Globose or ovate globose； 2 to 2。5 cm。 high and 1 to 2 cm。 broad：
tubercles 4 mm。 long； about 2 mm。 in diameter； with naked axils： spines
40 to 60； in many series； very unequal； 2 to 4 mm； long； white and pilose；
the upper exterior usually longer than the rest； the innermost usually much
shorter： flowers 12 mm。 long； whitish or pinkish （petals with red median
band）： fruit 1 to 2 cm。 long： seeds about 1 mm。 long； blackish and
conspicuously pitted。 （Ill。 Cact。 Mex。 Bound。 t。 3）。Type； the specimens of
Wright in Herb。 Mo。 Bot。 Gard。
From western Texas （〃west of time Pecos； on low limestone hills；
among herbage〃） to Arizona and Chihuahua。Fl。 April； May。
Specimens examined： Texas （Wright 121； also of 1852； Parry of 1852）：
Arizona （Miller of 1881）： Chihuahua （Pringle 213； 250；258）： also
specimens cultivated in St。 Louis in 1852 and 1855。
11。 Cactus lasiacanthus denudatus （Engelm。）。
Mamillaria lasiacantha denudataEngelm。 Cact。 Mex。 Bound。 5 （1859）。
Larger； 2。5 to 3。5 cm。 in diameter； with longer tubercles （5 to 6 mm。）；
and more numerous （50 to 80） longer （3 to 5 mum。） spines which are
naked or nearly so。 （Ill。 Cact。 Mex。 Bound。 t。 4）Type； Wright specimen in
Herb。 Mo。 Bot。 Gard。
From western Texas （with the species） to Coahuila。
Specimens examined： Texas （Wright of 1852）： Coahuila （Palmer of
1880）。
In the Syn。 Cact。 Dr。 Engelmann merges this variety with the species；
and has been followed in this by subsequent writers； but the characters
seem so （distinctive that its varietal rank has been restored。
12。 Cactus micromeris （Engelm。） Kuntze； Rev。 Gen。 Pl。 260 （1891）。
Mamillaria micromerisEngelm。 Syn。 Cact。 260 （1856）。
With depressed top and very rarely branching； 1 to 3。5 cm。 in diameter：
tubercles very small （about 1 mm。 long） and wart…like； crowded； shedding
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North American Species of Cactus
the spines with age and giving the base of the plant a tuberculated
appearance： spines from white to ashy…gray； 1 to 3 mm。 long； in young
plants and on lower tubercles of adult plants about 20； equal and radiant；
on flower…bearing tubercles 30 to 40； stellate…porrect in every direction；
the 6 to 8 upper ones two to four times longer than the rest （4 to 8 mm。）；
clavate toward the apex and acute （the clavate top at length deciduous）；
intermixed with loose wool of about the same length and forming a small
tuft on the top of the plant which includes and partly hides flowers and
fruit： flowers whitish to light pink； almost central； very small （6 mm。 in
diameter）； much reduced （3 to 5 sepals； 5 petals； 10 to 15 stamens； 3
stigmas）： fruit 8 to 12 mm。 long： seeds 1。5 mm。 long； black and shining。
（Ill。 Cact。 Mex。 Bound。 t。 1 and 2。 figs。 1…4）Type； the specimens of Wright
in Herb。 Mo。 Bot。 Gard。
On naked mountain tops and sides； extreme southwestern Texas （Val
Verde County to El Paso） and southward into Coahuila and Chihuahua。
Specimens examined： Texas （Wright 227 of 1849； also of 1852；
Nealley of 1892）： Coahuila （Bigelow of 1853）： Chihuahua （Pringle 212）：
also growing in Mo。 Bot。 Gard。 1893。
The plants densely covered above with delicate ashy…gray spines and
with naked tuberculate base are readily recognized。It still remains an open
question whether the flowers are developed from the axils of tubercles of
the same season or the last ones of the preceding season。Dr。 Engelmann
inclined to the latter view； as all the other characters of the plant associate
it with the 〃lateral…flowered〃 species； and in the absence of definite
observation we have retained it there。If the nearly central flowers indicate
that they are produced from growth of the same season the species would
seem to be allied to Coryphantha； in which group its small flowers and
small tubercles would be anomalous。
13。 Cactus micromeris greggii （Engelm。）。
Mamillaria micromeris greggiiEngelm。 Syn。 Cact。 261 （1856）。
Larger （2。5 to 5 cm。 in diameter） and becoming oblong； with larger
globose…ovate tubercles （2 to 2。5 mm。 long）； fewer rigid spines all radiant
（interior 5 to 7 shorter and stouter； 1 to 2 mm。 long； the outer 15 to 18； 3 to
4 mm。 long）； and fruit 1。5 to 2 mm。 long。 （Ill。 Cact。 Mex。 Bound。 t。 2。 figs。
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North American Species of Cactus
5…8）Type； Gregg 508 in Herb。 Mo。 Bot。 Gard。
Mountain ridges near Saltillo； Coahuila。Said by Budd to occur within
the southern borders of Pecos County； Tex。
Specimens examined： Coahuila （Gregg 508； Palmer of 1880）。
It is a question whether this variety does not merely represent an older
and better developed plant than those upon which the species is based。Mr。
Harry I。 Budd； who has made extensive collections of Texan and Mexican
Cacti for the market； reports that it is impossible to separate sharply the
variety from the species in the field； and regards the difference merely as
one of age。Unfortunately； only living material of the species could be
examined； but its ch
