north american species of cactus(±±ÃÀÏÉÈËÕÆ)-µÚ13ÕÂ
°´¼üÅÌÉÏ·½Ïò¼ü ¡û »ò ¡ú ¿É¿ìËÙÉÏÏ·ҳ£¬°´¼üÅÌÉ쵀 Enter ¼ü¿É»Øµ½±¾ÊéĿ¼ҳ£¬°´¼üÅÌÉÏ·½Ïò¼ü ¡ü ¿É»Øµ½±¾Ò³¶¥²¿£¡
¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ªÎ´ÔĶÁÍꣿ¼ÓÈëÊéÇ©ÒѱãÏ´μÌÐøÔĶÁ£¡
with¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡flower¡¡¡¡¡¡standing¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡well¡¡¡¡¡¡up¡¡¡¡¡¡on¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡tubercle£»¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡portions¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡
tubercle¡¡above¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡below¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡flower¡¡should¡¡¡¡¡¡become¡¡very¡¡¡¡different¡¡¡¡¡¡from¡¡
each¡¡¡¡¡¡other£»¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡upper¡¡¡¡¡¡portion¡¡¡¡¡¡being¡¡¡¡¡¡so¡¡¡¡¡¡much¡¡¡¡¡¡modified¡¡¡¡¡¡as¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡cause¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡
spine¡bearing¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡areola¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡be¡¡¡¡¡¡obliterated£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡condition¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡things¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡
Anhalonium¡¡would¡¡be¡¡obtained¡£¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡*¡¡¡¡¡¡Upper¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡surface¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡tubercle¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡with¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡¡¡broad¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡deep¡¡¡¡¡¡wool¡bearing¡¡
longitudinal¡¡groove¡¡which¡¡widens¡¡below¡£¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡1¡£¡¡Anhalonium¡¡engelmanniLem¡£¡¡Cact¡¡42¡¡£¨1839£©¡£¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Mamillaria¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡fissurataEngelm¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Syn¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Cact¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡270¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡£¨1856£©¡£Anhalonium¡¡
fissuratum¡¡Engelm¡£¡¡Bot¡£¡¡Mex¡£¡¡Bound¡£¡¡75¡¡£¨1859£©¡£¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Depressed¡¡globose¡¡or¡¡flat£»¡¡top¡shaped¡¡below¡¡and¡¡tapering¡¡into¡¡a¡¡thick¡¡
root£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡5¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡12¡¡¡¡¡¡cm¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡diameter£º¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡tubercles¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡£¨upper¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡portion£©¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡appressed¡¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡51¡¡
¡¡¡Page¡¡52¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡North¡¡American¡¡Species¡¡of¡¡Cactus¡¡
imbricate£»¡¡12¡¡to¡¡18¡¡mm¡£¡¡long¡¡and¡¡about¡¡as¡¡wide¡¡at¡¡base£»¡¡the¡¡upper¡¡surface¡¡
convex¡¡and¡¡variously¡¡fissured¡¡£¨presenting¡¡an¡¡irregular¡¡warty¡¡appearance£©¡¡
even¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡edges£º¡¡¡¡¡¡flowers¡¡¡¡¡¡apparently¡¡¡¡¡¡central£»¡¡¡¡¡¡about¡¡¡¡¡¡2¡£5¡¡¡¡¡¡cm¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡long¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡
broad£»¡¡shading¡¡from¡¡whitish¡¡to¡¡rose£º¡¡fruit¡¡oval£»¡¡pale¡¡green£»¡¡about¡¡10¡¡mm¡£¡¡
long£º¡¡seeds¡¡1¡£6¡¡mm¡£¡¡long¡£¡¡£¨Ill¡£¡¡Bot¡£¡¡Mex¡£¡¡Bound¡£¡¡t¡£¡¡16£©Type¡¡unknown£»¡¡but¡¡
specimens¡¡of¡¡Wright£»¡¡Bigelow£»¡¡and¡¡Parry¡¡in¡¡Herb¡£¡¡Mo¡£¡¡Bot¡£¡¡Gard¡£¡¡are¡¡the¡¡
basis¡¡of¡¡Engelmann's¡¡Mamillaria¡¡fissurata¡£¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡On¡¡limestone¡¡hills£»¡¡in¡¡the¡¡¡¨Great¡¡¡¡¡¡Bend¡¨¡¡region¡¡of¡¡the¡¡Rio¡¡Grande¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡
Texas£»¡¡and¡¡southward¡¡into¡¡Coahuila¡£Fl¡£¡¡September¡October¡£¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Specimens¡¡examined£º¡¡Texas¡¡£¨Wright¡¡of¡¡1850£»¡¡Bigelow¡¡of¡¡1852£»¡¡Parry£»¡¡
with¡¡no¡¡number¡¡or¡¡date£»¡¡Lloyd¡¡of¡¡1890£»¡¡Evans¡¡of¡¡1891£»¡¡Briggs¡¡of¡¡1892£©£º¡¡
also¡¡growing¡¡in¡¡Mo¡£¡¡Bot¡£¡¡Gard¡£¡¡1893¡£¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡This¡¡species¡¡is¡¡very¡¡closely¡¡related¡¡to¡¡the¡¡Mexican¡¡A¡£¡¡kotchubeyi¡¡Lem¡£¡¡
£¨A¡£¡¡sulcatum¡¡Salm¡Dyck£©£»¡¡but¡¡unfortunately¡¡no¡¡type¡¡of¡¡that¡¡species¡¡seems¡¡
to¡¡be¡¡in¡¡existence£»¡¡and¡¡Dr¡£¡¡Engelmann¡¡notes¡¡£¨Mex¡£¡¡Bound¡£¡¡Rep¡£¡¡75£©¡¡that¡¡
¡¨it¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡seems¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡no¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡living¡¡¡¡¡¡or¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡dead¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡specimen¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡is¡¡¡¡¡¡at¡¡¡¡¡¡present¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡extant¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡
Europe¡£¡¨Judging¡¡from¡¡the¡¡description£»¡¡the¡¡upper¡¡surface¡¡of¡¡the¡¡tubercles¡¡in¡¡
A¡£¡¡kotchubeyi£»¡¡aside¡¡from¡¡the¡¡central¡¡furrow£»¡¡is¡¡smooth£»¡¡at¡¡least¡¡the¡¡margin¡¡
is¡¡¡¨very¡¡entire¡£¡¨¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡**¡¡Upper¡¡surface¡¡of¡¡tubercle¡¡not¡¡grooved£»¡¡but¡¡usually¡¡with¡¡atomentose¡¡
pulvillus¡¡at¡¡the¡¡tip¡£¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡2¡£¡¡Anhalonium¡¡prismaticumLem¡£¡¡Cact¡£¡¡1¡¡£¨1839£©¡£¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Mamillaria¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡prismaticaLem¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Hort¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Univ¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡i¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡231¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡£¨1839£©¡£Cactus¡¡
prismaticusKuntze£»¡¡Rev¡£¡¡Gen¡£¡¡Pl¡£¡¡261¡¡£¨1891£©¡£¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Flat¡¡¡¡¡¡above£»¡¡¡¡¡¡top¡shaped¡¡¡¡¡¡below£»¡¡¡¡7¡£5¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡12¡£5¡¡¡¡¡¡cm¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡¡¡diameter£º¡¡¡¡¡¡tubercles¡¡
£¨upper¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡portion£©¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡close£§y¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡imbricate¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡but¡¡¡¡¡¡squarrose¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡spreading£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡sharply¡¡
triangular¡pyramidal¡¡and¡¡very¡¡acute¡¡£¨with¡¡a¡¡sharp¡¡cartilaginous¡¡tip£»¡¡which¡¡
usually¡¡disappears¡¡with¡¡age¡¡and¡¡leaves¡¡the¡¡older¡¡tubercles¡¡blunt¡¡or¡¡retuse£©£»¡¡
18¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡25¡¡¡¡¡¡mm¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡long¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡about¡¡¡¡¡¡as¡¡¡¡¡¡wide¡¡¡¡¡¡at¡¡¡¡¡¡base£»¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡upper¡¡¡¡¡¡surface¡¡¡¡¡¡almost¡¡
plane¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡smooth£»¡¡¡¡¡¡except¡¡¡¡¡¡that¡¡¡¡¡¡it¡¡¡¡¡¡is¡¡¡¡¡¡more¡¡¡¡¡¡or¡¡¡¡¡¡less¡¡¡¡¡¡pulverulent¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡usually¡¡
bears¡¡a¡¡small¡¡tomentose¡¡pulvillus¡¡£¨often¡¡evanescent¡¡later£©¡¡just¡¡behind¡¡the¡¡
claw¡like¡¡¡¡¡¡tip£º¡¡¡¡¡¡flowers¡¡¡¡¡¡rose¡color£º¡¡¡¡¡¡fruit¡¡¡¡¡¡elongated¡¡¡¡¡¡¡oval¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡reddish¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡£¨Ill¡£¡¡
Lem¡£¡¡Cact¡£¡¡t¡£¡¡1¡££©Type¡¡unknown¡£¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Referred¡¡to¡¡Mexico¡¡in¡¡general£»¡¡but¡¡reported¡¡definitely¡¡only¡¡from¡¡San¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡52¡¡
¡¡¡Page¡¡53¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡North¡¡American¡¡Species¡¡of¡¡Cactus¡¡
Luis¡¡Potosi¡£Undoubtedly¡¡found¡¡in¡¡Coahuila£»¡¡and¡¡possibly¡¡crosses¡¡the¡¡Rio¡¡
Grande¡¡in¡¡the¡¡region¡¡of¡¡the¡¡¡¨Great¡¡Bend¡£¡¨¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Specimens¡¡examined£º¡¡San¡¡Luis¡¡¡¡¡¡Potosi¡¡£¨Eschanzier¡¡of¡¡1891£©£º¡¡Mexico¡¡
in¡¡¡¡¡¡general¡¡¡¡¡¡£¨specimens¡¡¡¡¡¡from¡¡¡¡¡¡Coll¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡Salm¡Dyck¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡¡¡1858£»¡¡¡¡¡¡Schott¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡1858£©£º¡¡
also¡¡specimens¡¡cultivated¡¡in¡¡Mo¡£¡¡Bot¡£¡¡Gard¡£¡¡in¡¡1881£»¡¡also¡¡growing¡¡in¡¡same¡¡
garden¡¡in¡¡1893¡£¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡3¡£¡¡Anhalonium¡¡furfuraceum£¨Watson£©¡£¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Mamillaria¡¡furfuraceaWatson£»¡¡Proc¡£¡¡Amer¡£¡¡Acad¡£¡¡xxv¡£¡¡150¡¡£¨1890£©¡£¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Very¡¡closely¡¡related¡¡to¡¡prismaticum£»¡¡but¡¡triangular¡¡portion¡¡of¡¡tubercle¡¡
acuminate¡¡and¡¡shorter£»¡¡having¡¡an¡¡irregularly¡¡mamillate¡¡upper¡¡surface£»¡¡and¡¡
the¡¡acumination¡¡ending¡¡abruptly¡¡in¡¡a¡¡cartilaginous¡¡depression¡¡containing¡¡a¡¡
tomentose¡¡pulvillus£º¡¡flowers¡¡2¡£5¡¡to¡¡3¡¡cm¡£¡¡long£»¡¡white¡¡or¡¡pinkish£»¡¡the¡¡sepals¡¡
brownish¡£¡¡Type£»¡¡Pringle¡¡2580¡¡in¡¡Gray¡¡Herb¡£¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡At¡¡Carneros¡¡Pass£»¡¡Coahuila¡£¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Specimens¡¡examined£º¡¡Coahuila¡¡£¨Pringle¡¡2580¡¡of¡¡1889£©¡£¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡The¡¡type¡¡of¡¡this¡¡species¡¡was¡¡not¡¡among¡¡the¡¡collections¡¡received¡¡from¡¡
Cambridge£»¡¡¡¡¡¡but¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡¡¡¡¡specimen¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡same¡¡¡¡¡¡distribution¡¡¡¡¡¡from¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡National¡¡
Herbarium¡¡shows¡¡tubercle¡¡dimensions¡¡different¡¡from¡¡those¡¡recorded¡¡in¡¡Dr¡£¡¡
Watson's¡¡description¡£In¡¡that¡¡description¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡triangular¡¡terminal¡¡surface¡¡¡¡¡¡is¡¡
said¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡be¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¨about¡¡¡¡¡¡an¡¡¡¡¡¡inch¡¡¡¡¡¡broad¡¡¡¡¡¡by¡¡¡¡¡¡one¡half¡¡¡¡¡¡inch£»¡¨¡¡¡¡¡¡which¡¡¡¡¡¡is¡¡¡¡¡¡decidedly¡¡
different¡¡from¡¡the¡¡equilateral¡¡surface¡¡of¡¡the¡¡tubercle¡¡of¡¡prismaticum¡£In¡¡the¡¡
National¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Herbarium¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡specimen¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡furfuraceum£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡however£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡same¡¡
distribution£»¡¡the¡¡surface¡¡is¡¡almost¡¡equilateral£»¡¡measuring¡¡15¡¡mm¡£¡¡long¡¡by¡¡
18¡¡mm¡£¡¡wide¡¡at¡¡base¡£Without¡¡the¡¡acuminate¡¡upper¡¡portion¡¡the¡¡breadth¡¡of¡¡
the¡¡triangular¡¡portion¡¡would¡¡be¡¡about¡¡double¡¡its¡¡length¡£The¡¡lower¡¡rim¡¡of¡¡
the¡¡¡¡¡¡cup¡like¡¡¡¡¡¡depression¡¡¡¡¡¡which¡¡¡¡¡¡terminates¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡tubercle¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡contains¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡
pulvillus¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡is¡¡¡¡sometimes¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡slightly¡¡¡¡¡¡prolonged¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡into¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡¡¡¡¡tooth£»¡¡¡¡¡¡which¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡
prismaticum¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡becomes¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡sharp¡¡¡¡¡¡tip¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡tubercle¡£The¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¨minutely¡¡
furfuraceous¡punctulate¡¨¡¡¡¡¡¡character¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡tubercle¡¡¡¡¡¡is¡¡¡¡¡¡common¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡all¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡
species¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡Anhalonium¡¡¡¡¡¡I¡¡¡¡¡¡have¡¡¡¡¡¡seen£»¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡simply¡¡¡¡¡¡represents¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡external¡¡
openings¡¡of¡¡the¡¡remarkably¡¡long¡¡cuticular¡¡passageways¡¡to¡¡the¡¡stomata¡£¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡4¡£¡¡Anhalonium¡¡pulvilligerumLem¡£¡¡Cact¡£¡¡£¨1839£©¡£¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Anhalonium¡¡elongatumSalm¡Dyck¡¡£¨1850£©¡£¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡This¡¡¡¡¡¡seems¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡be¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡¡¡¡¡third¡¡¡¡¡¡grooveless¡¡¡¡¡¡Mexican¡¡¡¡¡¡species¡£I¡¡¡¡¡¡have¡¡¡¡¡¡seen¡¡¡¡¡¡no¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡53¡¡
¡¡¡Page¡¡54¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡North¡¡American¡¡Species¡¡of¡¡Cactus¡¡
specimens£»¡¡¡¡¡¡but¡¡¡¡¡¡judge¡¡¡¡¡¡from¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡description¡¡¡¡¡¡that¡¡¡¡¡¡it¡¡¡¡¡¡differs¡¡¡¡¡¡from¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡two¡¡
preceding¡¡species¡¡chiefly¡¡in¡¡its¡¡less¡¡crowded¡¡and¡¡more¡¡elongated¡¡tubercles¡¡
£¨triangular¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡portion¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡5¡¡¡¡cm¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡long¡¡¡¡¡¡by¡¡¡¡2¡£5¡¡¡¡¡¡cm¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡broad¡¡¡¡¡¡at¡¡¡¡base£©£»¡¡¡¡which¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡are¡¡
covered¡¡at¡¡apex¡¡with¡¡a¡¡tomentose¡¡pulvillus¡£¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡GEOGRAPHICAL¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡DISTRIBUTION¡£¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡This¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡curious¡¡¡¡¡¡genus¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡is¡¡¡¡strictly¡¡¡¡Mexican£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡and£»¡¡¡¡¡¡so¡¡¡¡far¡¡¡¡as¡¡¡¡at¡¡¡¡present¡¡
recorded£»¡¡is¡¡characteristic¡¡of¡¡Coahuila£»¡¡but¡¡a¡¡single¡¡species¡¡£¨engelmanni£©¡¡
of¡¡the¡¡four¡¡or¡¡five¡¡known¡¡crossing¡¡the¡¡Rio¡¡Grande¡¡in¡¡the¡¡Great¡¡Bend¡£¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡3¡£¡¡LOPHOPHORA£»gen¡£¡¡nov¡£¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Depressed¡globose£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡proliferous¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡cespitose£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡tuberculate¡ribbed£»¡¡
unarmed¡¡plants£º¡¡tubercles¡¡at¡¡first¡¡conical¡¡and¡¡bearing¡¡at¡¡summit¡¡a¡¡flower¡¡¡
bearing¡¡¡¡¡¡areola¡¡¡¡¡¡with¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡¡¡¡¡dense¡¡¡¡¡¡tuft¡¡¡¡¡¡or¡¡¡¡¡¡short¡¡¡¡¡¡pencil¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡compact¡¡¡¡¡¡erect¡¡¡¡¡¡hairs£»¡¡
when¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡mature¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡becoming¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡broad¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡rounded¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡£¨with¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡remnant¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡the¡¡
penicellate¡¡tuft¡¡as¡¡a¡¡persistent¡¡pulvillus¡¡in¡¡a¡¡small¡¡central¡¡depression£©¡¡and¡¡
coalescing¡¡into¡¡broad¡¡convex¡¡vertical¡¡ribs£º¡¡spine¡¡bearing¡¡areolae¡¡obsolete£º¡¡
flowers¡¡borne¡¡at¡¡the¡¡summit¡¡of¡¡nascent¡¡tubercles£º¡¡ovary¡¡naked¡¡£¨that¡¡is¡¡free¡¡
from¡¡scales£»¡¡but¡¡often¡¡downy£©£º¡¡fruit¡¡and¡¡seed¡¡unknown¡£¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡These¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡forms¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡have¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡been¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡variously¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡referred¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡Anhalonium¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡
Echinocactus£»¡¡¡¡¡¡but¡¡¡¡¡¡seem¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡deserve¡¡¡¡¡¡generic¡¡¡¡¡¡distinction¡£They¡¡¡¡¡¡differ¡¡¡¡¡¡from¡¡
Anhalonium¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡entire¡¡¡¡¡¡suppression¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡upper¡¡¡¡¡¡highly¡¡¡¡¡¡differentiated¡¡
portion¡¡of¡¡the¡¡tubercle£»¡¡in¡¡the¡¡broad¡¡and¡¡rounded¡¡development¡¡of¡¡the¡¡lower¡¡
portion£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡coalescence¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡enlarged¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡tubercles¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡into¡¡¡¡broad¡¡
vertical¡¡ribs¡£In¡¡fact£»¡¡in¡¡young¡¡specimens£»¡¡the¡¡plant¡¡appears¡¡almost¡¡smooth£»¡¡
with¡¡shallow¡¡furrows¡¡radiating¡¡from¡¡the¡¡depressed¡¡apex¡£The¡¡genus¡¡differs¡¡
from¡¡Echinocactus¡¡in¡¡the¡¡suppression¡¡of¡¡the¡¡spine¡bearing¡¡areolae£»¡¡and¡¡the¡¡
naked¡¡¡¡¡¡ovary¡£In¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡examination¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡developing¡¡¡¡¡¡tubercles¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡relation¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡
Anhalonium¡¡is¡¡evident¡£In¡¡the¡¡latter¡¡genus¡¡the¡¡young¡¡tubercle¡¡bears¡¡on¡¡the¡¡
summit¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡its¡¡pedicel¡like¡¡¡¡lower¡¡portion¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡tufted¡¡¡¡¡¡flower¡bearing¡¡¡¡¡¡areola¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡54¡¡
¡¡¡Page¡¡55¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡North¡¡American¡¡Species¡¡of¡¡Cactus¡¡
the¡¡modified¡¡upper¡¡portion¡¡of¡¡the¡¡tubercle¡¡at¡¡that¡¡time¡¡appearing¡¡as¡¡a¡¡bract¡¡
beneath¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡flower¡£In¡¡¡¡¡¡Lophophora¡¡¡¡there¡¡¡¡¡¡is¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡same¡¡¡¡¡¡condition¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡things£»¡¡
except¡¡that¡¡the¡¡bract¡like¡¡upper¡¡portion¡¡is¡¡wanting¡£From¡¡this¡¡point¡¡of¡¡view¡¡
it¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡would¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡appear¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡that¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡differences¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡between¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Lophophora¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡
Echinocactus¡¡are¡¡intensified¡¡by¡¡the¡¡fact¡¡that¡¡the¡¡flower¡bearing¡¡areola¡¡in¡¡
the¡¡former¡¡genus¡¡is¡¡to¡¡be¡¡regarded¡¡as¡¡really¡¡lateral¡¡on¡¡a¡¡tubercle¡¡the¡¡upper¡¡
part¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡which¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡has¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡disappeared¡£This¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡genus¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡occurs¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡abundantly¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡
southeastern¡¡Texas£»¡¡extending¡¡southward¡¡into¡¡Mexico¡£Mrs¡£¡¡A¡£¡¡B¡£¡¡Nickels¡¡
reports¡¡¡¡¡¡that¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡Indians¡¡¡¡¡¡use¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡plants¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡¡¡manufacturing¡¡¡¡¡¡an¡¡¡¡¡¡intoxicating¡¡
drink£»¡¡¡¡also¡¡¡¡¡¡for¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¨breaking¡¡¡¡¡¡fevers£»¡¨¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡that¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡tops¡¡¡¡¡¡cut¡¡off¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡dried¡¡¡¡¡¡are¡¡
called¡¡¡¨mescal¡¡buttons¡£¡¨¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡1¡£¡¡Lophophora¡¡williamsii£¨Lem£©¡£¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Echinocactus¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡williamsiiLem¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Allg¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡Gart¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Zeit¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡xiii¡£¡¡¡¡385¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡£¨1845£©¡£¡¡
Anhalonium¡¡williamsiiLem¡£¡¡in¡¡Forst¡¡Handb¡£¡¡Cact¡£¡¡i¡£¡¡233¡¡£¨1846£©¡£¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Hemispherical£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡from¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡¡¡very¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡thick¡¡¡¡¡¡root£»¡¡¡¡often¡¡¡¡¡¡densely¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡proliferous£»¡¡
transversely¡¡lined¡¡below¡¡by¡¡the¡¡remains¡¡of¡¡withered¡¡tubercles£º¡¡ribs¡¡usually¡¡
8¡¡£¨in¡¡young¡¡specimens¡¡often¡¡6£©£»¡¡very¡¡broad£»¡¡gradually¡¡merging¡¡above¡¡into¡¡
the¡¡distinct¡¡nascent¡¡tubercles¡¡which¡¡are¡¡crowned¡¡with¡¡somewhat¡¡delicate¡¡
penicellate¡¡tufts£»¡¡which¡¡become¡¡rather¡¡inconspicuous¡¡pulvilli¡¡on¡¡the¡¡ribs£º¡¡
flowers¡¡¡¡¡¡small£»¡¡¡¡¡¡whitish¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡rose£º¡¡¡¡¡¡stigmas¡¡¡¡¡¡4¡££¨Ill¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡Bot¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡Mag¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡t¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡4296£©Type¡¡
unknown¡£¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Along¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡Lower¡¡¡¡¡¡Rio¡¡¡¡¡¡Grande£»¡¡¡¡¡¡Texas£»¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡extending¡¡¡¡¡¡southward¡¡¡¡¡¡into¡¡
San¡¡Luis¡¡Potosi¡¡and¡¡southern¡¡Mexico¡£¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡55¡¡