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及7嫗

madam how and lady why(裟健繁才山溺平)-及7嫗

弌傍�� madam how and lady why(裟健繁才山溺平) 忖方�� 耽匈3500忖

梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ○ 賜 ★ 辛酔堀貧和鍬匈��梓囚徒貧議 Enter 囚辛指欺云慕朕村匈��梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ● 辛指欺云匈競何��
!!!!隆堋響頼��紗秘慕禰厮宴和肝写偬堋響��




below。      The shock runs through the mountain till it comes to the cliff at 

the end of it�察�and then the face of the cliff�察�if it be at all loose�察�flies off into 

the air。    You may see the very same thing happen�察�if you will put marbles 

or billiard´balls in   a row  touching   each other�察 �and strike the one nearest 

you smartly in the line of the row。            All the balls stand still�察�except the last 

one�察  �and   that   flies   off。  The   shock�察  �like   the   earthquake   shock�察  �has   run 

through them all�察�but only the end one�察�which had nothing beyond it but 

soft air�察�has been moved�察�and when you grow old�察�and learn mathematics�察�

you   will   know   the   law   of   motion   according   to   which   that   happens�察  �and 

learn    to  apply   what     the  billiard´balls    have    taught   you�察  �to   explain    the 

wonders   of   an   earthquake。       For   in   this   case�察  �as   in   so   many   more�察  �you 

must watch Madam How at work on little and common things�察�to find out 

how she works in great and rare ones。               That is why Solomon says that ;a 

fool's eyes are in the ends of the earth�察─�because he is always looking out 

for    strange    things   which     he   has   not   seen�察  �and    which     he  could    not 

understand if he saw�察�instead of looking at the petty commonplace matters 

which     are   about    his  feet   all  day   long�察  �and   getting    from    them    sound 

knowledge�察�and the art of getting more sound knowledge still。 

     Another   terrible   destruction   which   the   earthquake   brings�察  �when   it   is 

close to the seaside�察�is the wash of a great sea wave�察�such as swept in last 

year upon the island of St。 Thomas�察�in the West Indies�察�such as swept in 



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                                MADAM HOW AND LADY WHY 



upon the coast of Peru this year。          The sea moans�察�and sinks back�察�leaving 

the shore dry�察�and then comes in from the offing a mighty wall of water�察�as 

high   as�察  �or   higher   than�察  �many   a   tall   house�察  �sweeps   far   inland�察  �washing 

away   quays   and   houses�察  �and   carrying   great   ships   in   with   it�察  �and   then 

sweeps back   again�察 �leaving   the ships high and   dry�察�as   ships   were left   in 

Peru this year。 

     Now�察�how is that wave made�拭            �Let us think。     Perhaps in many ways。 

But two of them I will tell you as simply as I can�察�because they seem the 

most likely�察�and probably the most common。 

     Suppose�察�as the earthquake shock ran on�察�making the earth under the 

sea heave and fall in long earth´waves�察�the sea´bottom sank down。                     Then 

the water on it would sink down too�察�and leave the shore dry�察�till the sea´ 

bottom rose again�察�and hurled the water up again against the land。                 This is 

one   way   of   explaining   it�察  �and   it   may   be   true。 For   certain   it   is�察  �that 

earthquakes   do   move   the   bottom   of   the   sea�察  �and   certain�察  �too�察  �that   they 

move the water of the sea also�察�and with tremendous force。                   For ships at 

sea during an earthquake feel such a blow from it ��though it does them no 

harm�� that the sailors often rush upon deck fancying that they have struck 

upon a rock�察�and the force which could give a ship�察�floating in water�察�such 

a blow as that�察�would be strong enough to hurl thousands of tons of water 

up the beach�察�and on to the land。 

     But there is another way of accounting for this great sea wave�察�which I 

fancy comes true sometimes。 

     Suppose you put an empty india´rubber ball into water�察�and then blow 

into it through a pipe。       Of course�察�you know�察�as the ball filled�察�the upper 

side of it would rise out of the water。         Now�察�suppose there were a party of 

little ants moving about upon that ball�察�and fancying it a great island�察�or 

perhaps the whole world what would they think of the ball's filling and 

growing bigger�拭�

     If they could see the sides of the basin or tub in which the ball was�察�

and were sure that they did not move�察�then they would soon judge by them 

that they themselves were moving�察�and that the ball was rising out of the 

water。    But if the ants were so short´ sighted that they could not see the 

sides   of   the   basin�察  �they   would   be   apt   to   make   a   mistake�察  �because   they 



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would then be like men on an island out of sight of any other land。                      Then 

it   would   be   impossible   further   to   tell   whether   they   were   moving   up�察  �or 

whether the water was moving down�察�whether their ball was rising out of 

the   water�察  �or   the   water   was   sinking   away   from   the   ball。     They   would 

probably say�察 �The water is sinking and leaving the ball dry。; 

     Do     you   understand      that�拭  �Then      think   what    would    happen     if  you 

pricked a hole in the ball。         The air inside would come hissing out�察�and the 

ball would sink again into the water。              But the ants would probably fancy 

the very opposite。         Their little heads would be full of the notion that the 

ball was solid and could not move�察�just as our heads are full of the notion 

that the earth is solid and cannot move�察�and they would say�察 �Ah� �here is 

the   water   rising   again。;    Just   so�察  �I   believe�察  �when   the   sea   seems   to   ebb 

away during the earthquake�察�the land is really being raised out of the sea�察�

hundreds   of   miles   of   coast�察  �perhaps�察  �or   a   whole   island�察  �at   once�察  �by   the 

force   of   the   steam   and   gas    imprisoned   under   the   ground。   That         steam 

stretches and strains the solid rocks below�察�till they can bear no more�察�and 

snap�察  �and     crack�察  �with   frightful   roar   and   clang�察   �then   out   of   holes  and 

chasms in the ground rush steam�察�gasesoften foul and poisonous ones 

hot water�察�mud�察�flame�察�strange stonesall signs that the great boiler down 

below has burst at last。 

     Then the strain is eased。           The earth sinks together again�察�as the ball 

did   when   it   was   pricked�察  �and   sinks   lower�察  �perhaps�察  �than   it   was   before�此�

and back rushes the sea�察�which the earth had thrust away while it rose�察�and 

sweeps in�察�destroying all before it。 

     Of   course�察  �there   is   a   great   deal   more   to   be   said   about   all   this�此  �but   I 

have   no   time   to   tell   you   now。  You   will   read   it�察  �I   hope�察  �for   yourselves 

when you grow up�察�in the writings of far wiser men than I。                       Or perhaps 

you   may feel for yourselves in foreign lands the actual shock of a   great 

earthquake�察  �or   see   its   work   fresh   done   around   you。        And   if   ever   that 

happens�察     �and   you    be  preserved     during    the   danger�察   �you   will   learn   for 

yourself�察�I trust�察�more about earthquakes than I can teach you�察�if you will 

only bear in mind the simple general rules for understanding the ;how; of 

them which I have given you here。 

     But you do not seem satisfied yet�拭            �What is it that you want to know�拭�



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                                MADAM HOW AND LADY WHY 



     Oh�     �There was an earthquake here in England the other night�察�while 

you   were   asleep�察  �and   that   seems   to   you   too   near   to   be   pleasant。 Will 

there ever be earthquakes in England which will throw houses down�察�and 

bury people in the ruins�拭�

     My dear child�察�I think you may set your heart at rest upon that point。 

As   far   as   the   history   of   England   goes   back�察  �and   that   is   more   than   a 

thousand years�察�there is no account of any earthquake which has done any 

serious   damage�察  �or   killed�察  �I   believe�察  �a   single   human   being。   The   little 

earthquakes which are sometimes felt in England run generally up one line 

of country�察�from Devonshire through Wales�察�and up the Severn valley into 

Cheshire and Lancashire�察�and the south´west of Scotland�察�and they are felt 

more smartly there�察�I believe�察�because the rocks are harder there than here�察�

and more tossed about by earthquakes which happened ages and ages ago�察�

long before man lived on the earth。             I will show you the work of these 

earthquakes some day�察�in the tilting and twisting of the layers of rock�察�and 

in   the   cracks   ��faults�察 �as  they   are   called��   which    run   through    them    in 

different   directions。     I   showed   you   some   once�察  �if   you   recollect�察  �in   the 

chalk cliff at Ramsgatetwo set of cracks�察�sloping opposite ways�察�which I 

told you were made by two separate sets of earthquakes�察�long�察�long ago�察�

perhaps while the chalk was still at the bottom of a deep sea。                But even in 

the rocky parts of England the earthquake´force seems to have all but died 

out。    Perhaps the crust of the earth has become too thick and solid there 

to be much shaken by the gases and steam below。                  In this eastern part of 

England�察�meanwhile�察�there is but little chance that an earthquake will ever 

do much harm�察�because the ground here�察�for thousands of feet down�察�is not 

hard and rocky�察�but softsands�察�clays�察�chalk�察�and sands again�察�clays�察�soft 

limestones�察     �and   clays   againwhich      all  act   as  buffers   to   deaden    the 

earthquake shocks�察�and deaden too the earthquake noise。 

     And how�拭�

     Put your ear to one end of a soft bolster�察�and let some one hit the other 

end。     You   will   hear   hardly  any  noise�察  �and   will not   feel   the   blow  at   all。 

Put your ear to one end of a hard piece of wood�察�and let some one hit the 

other。     You   will   hear   a   smart   tap�察  �and   perhaps   feel   a   smart   tap�察  �too。 

When you are older�察�and learn the laws of sound�察�and of motion among the 



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                                MADAM HOW AND LADY WHY 



particles   of   bodies�察  �you   will   know   why。     Meanwhile   you   may   comfort 

yourself with the thought that Madam How has ��doubtless by command of 

Lady Why�� prepared a safe soft bed for this good people of Britainnot 

that they  may  lie   and   sleep on   it�察�but   work   and till�察 �plant   and build   and 

manufacture�察�and thrive in peace and comfort�察�we will trust and pray�察�for 

many   a   hundred   years   to   come。      All   that   the   steam   inside   the   earth   is 

likely to do to us�察�is to raise parts of this island ��as Hartford Bridge Flats 

were raised�察�ages ago�察�out of the old icy sea�� so slowly�察�probably�察�that no 

man can tell whether they are rising or not。       

卦指朕村 貧匯匈 和匯匈 指欺競何 壘��1�� 家��2��

低辛嬬浪散議