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及18嫗

madam how and lady why(裟健繁才山溺平)-及18嫗

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                               MADAM HOW AND LADY WHY 



sometimes ten feet across。          A pair of those horns with the skull you have 

seen   yourself�察  �and   can   judge   what   a   noble   animal   he   must   have   been。 

Enormous bears came too�察�and hyaenas�察�and a tiger or lion ��I cannot say 

which���察�as large as the largest Bengal tiger now to be seen in India。 

     And   in   those   dayswe     cannot�察  �of   course�察  �exactly   say   whenthere 

camefirst I suppose into the south and east of France�察�and then gradually 

onward into England and Scotland and Irelandcreatures without any hair 

to keep   them warm�察 �or   scales to defend them�察  �without horns or tusks to 

fight with�察�or teeth to worry and bite�察�the weakest you would have thought 

of the beasts�察�and yet stronger than all the animals�察�because they were Men�察�

with    reasonable     souls。   Whence       they  came    we    cannot   tell�察 �nor  why�察�

perhaps from  mere hunting after food�察�and love of wandering and   being 

independent and alone。          Perhaps they came into that icy land for fear of 

stronger and cleverer people than themselves�察�for we have no proof�察�my 

child�察�none at all�察�that they were the first men that trod this earth。             But be 

that as it may�察�they came�察�and so cunning were these savage men�察�and so 

brave    likewise�察   �though    they   had   no  iron   among     them�察  �only   flint  and 

sharpened bones�察�yet they contrived to kill and eat the mammoths�察�and the 

giant oxen�察�and the wild horses�察�and the reindeer�察  �and to hold their own 

against the hyaenas�察�and tigers�察�and bears�察�simply because they had wits�察�

and the dumb animals had none。              And that is the strangest part to me of 

all my fairy tale。      For what a man's wits are�察�and why he has them�察�and 

therefore is able to invent and to improve�察�while even the cleverest ape has 

none�察�and therefore can invent and improve nothing�察�and therefore cannot 

better himself�察�but must remain from father to son�察�and father to son again�察�

a stupid�察�pitiful�察�ridiculous ape�察�while men can go on civilising themselves�察�

and   growing   richer   and   more   comfortable�察  �wiser   and   happier�察  �year   by 

yearhow that comes to pass�察�I say�察�is to me a wonder and a prodigy and a 

miracle�察�stranger than all the most fantastic marvels you ever read in fairy 

tales。 

     You may find the flint weapons which these old savages used buried in 

many a gravel´pit up and down France and the south of England�察�but you 

will   find   none   here�察  �for   the   gravel   here   was   made   ��I   am   told��   at   the 

beginning of the ice´time�察�before the north of England sunk into the sea�察�



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                                MADAM HOW AND LADY WHY 



and   therefore   long�察  �long   before   men   came   into   this   land。    But   most   of 

their    remains    are   found    in  caves    which    water    has   eaten    out  of   the 

limestone rocks�察�like that famous cave of Kent's Hole at Torquay。                      In it�察�

and in many another cave�察�lie the bones of animals which the savages ate�察�

and   cracked   to   get   the   marrow   out   of   them�察  �mixed   up   with   their   flint´ 

weapons   and   bone   harpoons�察  �and   sometimes   with   burnt   ashes   and   with 

round   stones�察  �used   perhaps   to   heat   water�察  �as   savages   do   now�察  �all   baked 

together into a hard paste or breccia by the lime。               These are in the water�察�

and are often covered with a floor of stalagmite which has dripped from 

the    roof   above    and   hardened      into  stone。    Of    these    caves    and   their 

beautiful wonders I must tell you another day。               We must keep now to our 

fairy tale。     But in these caves�察�no doubt�察�the savages lived�察�for not only 

have   weapons   been   found   in   them�察  �but   actually   drawings   scratched   ��I 

suppose with flint�� on bone or mammoth ivorydrawings of elk�察�and bull�察�

and   horse�察  �and   ibexand   one�察  �which   was   found   in   France�察  �of   the   great 

mammoth himself�察�the woolly elephant�察�with a mane on his shoulders like 

a lion's   mane。  So   you   see that one of the   earliest   fancies   of this   strange 

creature�察�called man�察�was to draw�察�as you and your schoolfellows love to 

draw�察�and copy what you see�察�you know not why。                   Remember that。          You 

like to draw�察�but why you like it neither you nor any man can tell。                      It is 

one   of   the   mysteries   of   human   nature�察  �and   that   poor   savage   clothed   in 

skins�察�dirty it may be�察�and more ignorant than you ��happily�� can conceive�察�

when he sat scratching on ivory in the cave the figures of the animals he 

hunted�察    �was    proving     thereby    that   he   had    the   same    wonderful      and 

mysterious human nature as youthat he was the kinsman of every painter 

and sculptor who ever felt it a delight and duty to copy the beautiful works 

of God。 

     Sometimes�察      �again�察  �especially     in  Denmark�察     �these   savages    have    left 

behind upon   the   shore   mounds   of   dirt�察  �which are   called   there   ;kjokken´ 

moddings;;kitchen´middens;   as   they   would   say   in   Scotland�察   �kitchen´ 

dirtheaps; as we should say here down South and a very good name for 

them that is�察�for they are made up of the shells of oysters�察�cockles�察�mussels�察�

and    periwinkles�察    �and   other   shore´shells     besides�察   �on  which     those   poor 

creatures   fed�察  �and   mingled   with   them   are   broken   bones   of   beasts�察  �and 



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                               MADAM HOW AND LADY WHY 



fishes�察�and birds�察�and flint knives�察�and axes�察�and sling stones�察�and here and 

there hearths�察�on which they have cooked their meals in some rough way。 

And that is nearly all we know about them�察�but this we know from the size 

of   certain   of   the   shells�察  �and   from   other   reasons   which   you   would   not 

understand�察�that these mounds were made an enormous time ago�察�when the 

water of the Baltic Sea was far more salt than it is now。 

     But what has all this to do with my fairy tale�拭          �This�此� 

     Suppose that these people�察�after all�察�had been fairies�拭�

     I am in earnest。      Of course�察�I do not mean that these folk could make 

themselves invisible�察�or that they had any supernatural powersany more�察�

at least�察�than you and I haveor that they were anything but savages�察�but 

this I do think�察�that out of old stories of these savages grew up the stories 

of fairies�察�elves�察�and trolls�察�and scratlings�察�and cluricaunes�察�and ogres�察�of 

which you have read so many。 

     When stronger and bolder people�察�like the Irish�察�and the Highlanders 

of Scotland�察�and the Gauls of France�察�came northward with their bronze 

and iron weapons�察�and still more�察�when our own forefathers�察�the Germans 

and the Norsemen�察�came�察�these poor little savages with their flint arrows 

and axes�察�were no match for them�察�and had to run away northward�察�or to 

be all killed out�察�for people were fierce and cruel in those old times�察�and 

looked   on   every   one   of   a   different   race   from   themselves   as   a   natural 

enemy。      They had not learntalas� �too many have not learned it yetthat 

all men are brothers for the sake of Jesus Christ our Lord。               So these poor 

savages were driven out�察�till none were left�察�save the little Lapps up in the 

north of Norway�察�where they live to this day。 

     But stories of them�察�and of how they dwelt in caves�察�and had strange 

customs�察�and used poisoned weapons�察�and how the elf´bolts ��as their flint 

arrow´heads are still called�� belonged to them�察�lingered on�察�and were told 

round the fire on winter nights and added to�察�and played with half in fun�察�

till   a  hundred   legends   sprang     up  about   them�察   �which    used   once   to  be 

believed   by   grown´up   folk�察  �but   which   now   only   amuse   children。       And 

because     some     of  these   savages    were    very   short�察  �as   the  Lapps    and 

Esquimaux are now�察�the story grew of their being so small that they could 

make themselves invisible�察�and because others of them were ��but probably 



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                               MADAM HOW AND LADY WHY 



only a few�� very tall and terrible�察�the story grew that there were giants in 

that old world�察�like that famous Gogmagog�察�whom Brutus and his Britons 

met   ��so   old   fables   tell���察  �when   they  landed   first   at   Plymouth�察  �and   fought 

him�察�and threw him over the cliff。          Ogres�察�tooof whom you read in fairy 

talesI am afraid that there were such people once�察�even here in Europe�察�

strong     and  terrible   savages�察   �who   ate   human    beings。    Of    course�察  �the 

legends and tales about them became ridiculous and exaggerated as they 

passed from mouth to mouth over the Christmas fire�察�in the days when no 

one could read or write。         But that the tales began by being true any one 

may well believe who knows how many cannibal savages there are in the 

world even now。         I think that�察�if ever there was an ogre in the world�察�he 

must have been very like a certain person who lived�察�or was buried�察�in a 

cave in the Neanderthal�察�between Elberfeld and Dusseldorf�察�on the Lower 

Rhine。 The skull and bones which were found there ��and which are very 

famous      now   among     scientific  men��    belonged     to  a  personage    whom   I 

should have been very sorry to meet�察�and still more to let you meet�察�in the 

wild forest�察�to a savage   of enormous   strength of   limb   ��and I   suppose   of 

jaw�� likewise 

       ;like an ape�察�With forehead villainous low�察─�

       who could have eaten you if he would�察�and ��I fear�� also would have 

eaten you if he could。        Such savages may have lingered ��I believe�察�from 

the old ballads and romances�察�that they did linger�� for a long time in lonely 

forests and mountain caves�察�till they were all killed out by warriors who 

wore mail´armour and carried steel sword�察�and battle´axe�察�and lance。 

     But had these people any religion�拭�

     My dear child�察�we cannot know�察�and need not know。                   But we know 

thisthat   God   beholds   all   the  heathen。   He  fashions   the hearts of   them�察�

and understandeth all their works。          And we know also that He is just and 

good。     These poor   folks   were�察�I  doubt   not�察 �happy enough in their  way�察�

and we are bound to believe ��for we have no proof against it���察�that most of 

them were   honest   and harmless   enough   likewise。          Of course�察 �ogres   and 

cannibals�察�and cruel and brutal persons ��if there were any among them���察�

deserved punishmentand p

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