part14-第5章

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Five　weeks　more　will　relieve　me　from　a　drudgery　to　which　I　am　no

longer　equal；　and　restore　me　to　a　scene　of　tranquillity；　amidst　my

family　and　friends；　more　congenial　to　my　age　and　natural

inclinations。　　In　that　situation；　it　will　always　be　a　pleasure　to　me

to　see　you；　and　to　repeat　to　you　the　assurances　of　my　constant

friendship　and　respect。







　　　　　　　　THE　REPUBLIC　OF　SCIENCE




　　　　　　　　_To　John　Hollins_

　　　　　　　　_Washington；　February　19；　1809_




　　　　　　　　DEAR　SIR；　　A　little　transaction　of　mine；　as　innocent　an　one

as　I　ever　entered　into；　and　where　an　improper　construction　was　never

less　expected；　is　making　some　noise；　I　observe；　in　your　city。　　I　beg

leave　to　explain　it　to　you；　because　I　mean　to　ask　your　agency　in　it。

The　last　year；　the　Agricultural　Society　of　Paris；　of　which　I　am　a

member；　having　had　a　plough　presented　to　them；　which；　on　trial　with　a

graduated　instrument；　did　equal　work　with　half　the　force　of　their

best　ploughs；　they　thought　it　would　be　a　benefit　to　mankind　to

communicate　it。　　They　accordingly　sent　one　to　me；　with　a　view　to　its

being　made　known　here；　and　they　sent　one　to　the　Duke　of　Bedford　also；

who　is　one　of　their　members；　to　be　made　use　of　for　England；　although

the　two　nations　were　then　at　war。　　By　the　Mentor；　now　going　to

France；　I　have　given　permission　to　two　individuals　in　Delaware　and

New　York；　to　import　two　parcels　of　Merino　sheep　from　France；　which

they　have　procured　there；　and　to　some　gentlemen　in　Boston；　to　import

a　very　valuable　machine　which　spins　cotton；　wool　and　flax　equally。

The　last　spring；　the　Society　informed　me　they　were　cultivating　the

cotton　of　the　Levant　and　other　parts　of　the　Mediterranean；　and　wished

to　try　also　that　of　our　southern　States。　　I　immediately　got　a　friend

to　have　two　tierces　of　seed　forwarded　to　me。　　They　were　consigned　to

Messrs。　Falls　and　Brown　of　Baltimore；　and　notice　of　it　being　given

me；　I　immediately　wrote　to　them　to　re…ship　them　to　New　York；　to　be

sent　by　the　Mentor。　　Their　first　object　was　to　make　a　show　of　my

letter；　as　something　very　criminal；　and　to　carry　the　subject　into　the

newspapers。　　I　had；　on　a　like　request；　some　time　ago；　（but　before　the

embargo）　from　the　President　of　the　Board　of　Agriculture　of　London；　of

which　I　am　also　a　member；　to　send　them　some　of　the　genuine　May　wheat

of　Virginia；　forwarded　to　them　two　or　three　barrels　of　it。　　General

Washington；　in　his　time；　received　from　the　same　Society　the　seed　of

the　perennial　succory；　which　Arthur　Young　had　carried　over　from

France　to　England；　and　I　have　since　received　from　a　member　of　it　the

seed　of　the　famous　turnip　of　Sweden；　now　so　well　known　here。　　I

mention　these　things；　to　shew　the　nature　of　the　correspondence　which

is　carried　on　between　societies　instituted　for　the　benevolent　purpose

of　communicating　to　all　parts　of　the　world　whatever　useful　is

discovered　in　any　one　of　them。　　These　societies　are　always　in　peace；

however　their　nations　may　be　at　war。　　Like　the　republic　of　letters；

they　form　a　great　fraternity　spreading　over　the　whole　earth；　and

their　correspondence　is　never　interrupted　by　any　civilized　nation。

Vaccination　has　been　a　late　and　remarkable　instance　of　the　liberal

diffusion　of　a　blessing　newly　discovered。　　It　is　really　painful；　it

is　mortifying；　to　be　obliged　to　note　these　things；　which　are　known　to

every　one　who　knows　any　thing；　and　felt　with　approbation　by　every　one

who　has　any　feeling。　　But　we　have　a　faction　to　whose　hostile　passions

the　torture　even　of　right　into　wrong　is　a　delicious　gratification。

Their　malice　I　have　long　learned　to　disregard；　their　censure　to　deem

praise。　　But　I　observe；　that　some　republicans　are　not　satisfied　（even

while　we　are　receiving　liberally　from　others）　that　this　small　return

should　be　made。　　They　will　think　more　justly　at　another　day：　but　in

the　mean　time；　I　wish　to　avoid　offence。　　My　prayer　to　you；　therefore；

is；　that　you　will　be　so　good；　under　the　inclosed　order；　as　to　receive

these　two　tierces　of　seed　from　Falls　and　Brown；　and　pay　them　their

disbursements　for　freight；　&c。　which　I　will　immediately　remit　you　on

knowing　the　amount。　　Of　the　seed；　when　received；　be　so　good　as　to

make　manure　for　your　garden。　　When　rotted　with　a　due　mixture　of

stable　manure　or　earth；　it　is　the　best　in　the　world。　　I　rely　on　your

friendship　to　excuse　this　trouble；　it　being　necessary　I　should　not

commit　myself　again　to　persons　of　whose　honor；　or　the　want　of　it；　I

know　nothing。




　　　　　　　　Accept　the　assurances　of　my　constant　esteem　and　respect。







　　　　　　　　THE　NEGRO　RACE




　　　　　　　　_To　Henri　Gregoire_

　　　　　　　　_Washington；　February　25；　1809_




　　　　　　　　SIR；　　I　have　received　the　favor　of　your　letter　of　August

17th；　and　with　it　the　volume　you　were　so　kind　as　to　send　me　on　the

〃Literature　of　Negroes。〃　Be　assured　that　no　person　living　wishes　more

sincerely　than　I　do；　to　see　a　complete　refutation　of　the　doubts　I

have　myself　entertained　and　expressed　on　the　grade　of　understanding

allotted　to　them　by　nature；　and　to　find　that　in　this　respect　they　are

on　a　par　with　ourselves。　　My　doubts　were　the　result　of　personal

observation　on　the　limited　sphere　of　my　own　State；　where　the

opportunities　for　the　development　of　their　genius　were　not　favorable；

and　those　of　exercising　it　still　less　so。　　I　expressed　them　therefore

with　great　hesitation；　but　whatever　be　their　degree　of　talent　it　is

no　measure　of　their　rights。　　Because　Sir　Isaac　Newton　was　superior　to

others　in　understanding；　he　was　not　therefore　lord　of　the　person　or

property　of　others。　　On　this　subject　they　are　gaining　daily　in　the

opinions　of　nations；　and　hopeful　advances　are　making　towards　their

re…establishment　on　an　equal　footing　with　the　other　colors　of　the

human　family。　　I　pray　you　therefore　to　accept　my　thanks　for　the　many

instances　you　have　enabled　me　to　observe　of　respectable　intelligence

in　that　race　of　men；　which　cannot　fail　to　have　effect　in　hastening

the　day　of　their　relief；　and　to　be　assured　of　the　sentiments　of　high

and　just　esteem　and　consideration　which　I　tender　to　yourself　with　all

sincerity。







　　　　　　　　〃A　PRISONER；　RELEASED　FROM　HIS　CHAINS〃




　　　　　　　　_To　P。　S。　Dupont　de　Nemours_

　　　　　　　　_Washington；　March　2；　1809_




　　　　　　　　DEAR　SIR；　　My　last　to　you　was　of　May　the　2nd；　since　which　I

have　received　yours　of　May　the　25th；　June　the　1st；　July　the　23rd；

24th；　and　September　the　5th；　and　distributed　the　two　pamphlets

according　to　your　desire。　　They　are　read　with　the　delight　which　every

thing　from　your　pen　gives。




　　　　　　　　After　using　every　effort　which　could　prevent　or　delay　our　being

entangled　in　the　war　of　Europe；　that　seems　now　our　only　resource。

The　edicts　of　the　two　belligerents；　forbidding　us　to　be　seen　on　the

ocean；　we　met　by　an　embargo。　　This　gave　us　time　to　call　home　our

seamen；　ships　and　property；　to　levy　men　and　put　our　sea　ports　into　a

certain　state　of　defence。　　We　have　now　taken　off　the　embargo；　except

as　to　France　and　England　and　their　territories；　because　fifty

millions　of　exports；　annually　sacrificed；　are　the　treble　of　what　war

would　cost　us；　besides；　that　by　war　we　should　take　something；　and

lose　less　than　at　present。　　But　to　give　you　a　true　description　of　the

state　of　things　here；　I　must　refer　you　to　Mr。　Coles；　the　bearer　of

this；　my　secretary；　a　most　worthy；　intelligent　and　well　informed

young　man；　whom　I　recommend　to　your　notice；　and　conversation　on　our

affairs。　　His　discretion　and　fidelity　may　be　relied　on。　　I　expect　he

will　find　you　with　Spain　at　your　feet；　but　England　still　afloat；　and

a　barrier　to　the　Spanish　colonies。　　But　all　these　concerns　I　am　now

leaving　to　be　settled　by　my　friend　Mr。　Madison。　　Within　a　few　days　I

retire　to　my　family；　my　books　and　farms；　and　having　gained　the　harbor

myself；　I　shall　look　on　my　friends　still　buffeting　the　storm；　with

anxiety　indeed；　but　not　with　envy。　　Never　did　a　prisoner；　released

from　his　chains；　feel　such　relief　as　I　shall　on　shaking　off　the

shackles　of　power。　　Nature　intended　me　for　the　tranquil　pursuits　of

science；　by　rendering　them　my　supreme　delight。　　But　the　enormities　of

the　times　in　which　I　have　lived；　have　forced　me　to　take　a　part　in

resisting　them；　and　to　commit　myself　on　the　boisterous　ocean　of

political　passions。　　I　thank　God　for　the　opportunity　of　retiring　from

them　without　censure；　and　carrying　with　me　the　most　consoling　proofs

of　public　approbation。　　I　leave　every　thing　in　the　hands　of　men　so

able　to　take　care　of　them；　that　if　we　are　destined　to　meet

misfortunes；　it　will　be　because　no　human　wisdom　could　avert　them。

Should　you　return　to　the　United　States；　perhaps　your　curiosity　may

lead　you　to　visit　the　hermit　of　Monticello。　　He　will　receive　you　with

affection　and　delight；　hailing　you　in　the　mean　time　with　his

affectionate　salutations；　and　assurances　of　constant　esteem　and

respect。




　　　　　　　　P。S。　If　you　return　to　us；　bring　a　couple　of　pair　of　true…bred

shepherd's　dogs。　　You　will　add　a　valuable　possession　to　a　country　now

beginning　to　pay　great　attention　to　the　raising　sheep。







　　　　　　　　A　PARTING　BLESSING




　　　　　　　　_To　Mrs。　Samuel　H。　Smith_

　　　　　　　　_Washington；　Mar。　6；　1809_




　　　　　　　　Th：　Jefferson　presents　his　respectful　salutations　to　mrs。

Smith；　and　sends　her　the　Geranium　she　expressed　a　willingness　to

receive。　it　is　in　very　bad　condition；　having　been　neglected　latterly；

as　not　intended　to　be　removed。　he　cannot　give　it　his　parting　blessing

more　effectually　than　by　consigning　it　to　the　nourishing　hand　of　mrs。

Smith。　　If　plants　have　sensibility；　as　the　analogy　of　their

organisation　with　ours　seems　to　indicate；　it　cannot　but　be　proudly

sensible　of　her　fostering　attentions。　of　his　regrets　at　parting　with

the　society　of　Washington；　a　very　sensible　portion　attaches　to　mrs。

Smith；　whose　friendship　he　has　particularly　valued。　her　promise　to

visit　Monticello　is　some　consolation；　and　he　can　assure　her　she　will

be　received　with　open　arms　and　hearts　by　the　whole　family。　he　prays

her　to　accept　the　homage　of　his　affectionate　attachment　and　respect。







　　　　　　　　THE　POTATO　AND　HARPER'S　FERRY




　　　　　　　　_To　Horatio　G。　Spafford_

　　　　　　　　_Monticello；　May　14；　1809_




　　　　　　　　SIR；　　I　have　duly　received　your　favor　of　April　3d；　with　the

copy　of　your　〃General　Geography；〃　for　which　I　pray　you　to　accept　my

thanks。　　My　occupations　here　have　not　permitted　me　to　read　it

through；　which　alone　could　justify　any　judgment　expressed　on　the

work。　　Indeed；　as　it　appears　to　be　an　abridgment　of　several　branches

of　science；　the　scale　of　abridgment　must　enter　into　that　judgment。

Different　readers　require　different　scales　according　to　the　time　they

can　spare；　and　their　views　in　reading；　and　no　doubt　that　the　view　of

the　sciences　which　you　have　brought　into　the　compass　of　a　12mo　volume

will　be　accommodated　to　the　time　and　object　of　many　who　may　wish　for

but　a　very　general　view　of　them




　　　　　　　　In　passing　my　eye　rapidly　over　pa