°®°®Ð¡ËµÍø > ÆäËûµç×ÓÊé > glaucus >

µÚ24ÕÂ

glaucus-µÚ24ÕÂ

С˵£º glaucus ×ÖÊý£º ÿҳ3500×Ö

°´¼üÅÌÉÏ·½Ïò¼ü ¡û »ò ¡ú ¿É¿ìËÙÉÏÏ·­Ò³£¬°´¼üÅÌÉ쵀 Enter ¼ü¿É»Øµ½±¾ÊéĿ¼ҳ£¬°´¼üÅÌÉÏ·½Ïò¼ü ¡ü ¿É»Øµ½±¾Ò³¶¥²¿£¡
¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ªÎ´ÔĶÁÍꣿ¼ÓÈëÊéÇ©ÒѱãÏ´μÌÐøÔĶÁ£¡




When¡¡magnified¡¡to¡¡this¡¡apparent¡¡size£»¡¡the¡¡cells¡¡could¡¡be¡¡seen¡¡in¡¡

different¡¡states£»¡¡some¡¡closed£»¡¡and¡¡others¡¡with¡¡their¡¡bodies¡¡

protruded¡£¡¡¡¡When¡¡magnified¡¡to¡¡3¡¡D£»¡¡we¡¡could¡¡pleasantly¡¡watch¡¡the¡¡

gradual¡¡eversion¡¡of¡¡the¡¡membrane£»¡¡then¡¡the¡¡points¡¡of¡¡the¡¡tentacles¡¡

slowly¡¡appearing£»¡¡and¡¡then£»¡¡when¡¡fully¡¡protruded£»¡¡suddenly¡¡

expanding¡¡into¡¡a¡¡bell¡­shaped¡¡circle¡£¡¡¡¡This¡¡was¡¡their¡¡usual¡¡

appearance£»¡¡but¡¡sometimes¡¡they¡¡could¡¡be¡¡noticed¡¡bending¡¡inwards£»¡¡as¡¡

in¡¡fig¡£¡¡3¡¡C£»¡¡as¡¡if¡¡to¡¡imprison¡¡some¡¡living¡¡atom¡¡of¡¡importance¡£¡¡¡¡

Fig¡£¡¡B¡¡represents¡¡two¡¡tentacles£»¡¡showing¡¡the¡¡direction¡¡in¡¡which¡¡the¡¡

cilia¡¡vibrate¡£





CRISIA¡¡DENTICULATA¡£¡¡¡¡PL¡£¡¡I¡£¡¡FIG¡£¡¡4¡£





I¡¡have¡¡only¡¡drawn¡¡the¡¡cells¡¡from¡¡a¡¡prepared¡¡specimen¡£¡¡¡¡The¡¡polypes¡¡

are¡¡like¡¡those¡¡described¡¡above¡£





GEMELLARIA¡¡LORICATA¡£¡¡¡¡PL¡£¡¡I¡£¡¡FIG¡£¡¡5¡£





Here¡¡the¡¡cells¡¡are¡¡placed¡¡in¡¡pairs£»¡¡back¡¡to¡¡back¡£¡¡¡¡5¡¡A¡¡is¡¡a¡¡very¡¡

small¡¡portion¡¡on¡¡the¡¡natural¡¡scale¡£





CELLULARIA¡¡CILIATA¡£¡¡¡¡Pl¡£¡¡I¡£¡¡FIG¡£¡¡7





The¡¡cells¡¡are¡¡alternate¡¡on¡¡the¡¡stem£»¡¡and¡¡are¡¡curiously¡¡armed¡¡with¡¡

long¡¡whip¡­like¡¡cilia¡¡or¡¡spines¡£¡¡¡¡On¡¡the¡¡back¡¡of¡¡some¡¡of¡¡the¡¡cells¡¡

is¡¡a¡¡very¡¡strange¡¡appendage£»¡¡the¡¡use¡¡of¡¡which¡¡is¡¡not¡¡with¡¡certainty¡¡

ascertained¡£¡¡¡¡It¡¡is¡¡a¡¡minute¡¡body£»¡¡slightly¡¡resembling¡¡a¡¡vulture's¡¡

head£»¡¡with¡¡a¡¡movable¡¡lower¡¡beak¡£¡¡¡¡The¡¡whole¡¡head¡¡keeps¡¡up¡¡a¡¡nodding¡¡

motion£»¡¡and¡¡the¡¡movable¡¡beak¡¡occasionally¡¡opens¡¡widely£»¡¡and¡¡then¡¡

suddenly¡¡snaps¡¡to¡¡with¡¡a¡¡jerk¡£¡¡¡¡It¡¡has¡¡been¡¡seen¡¡to¡¡hold¡¡an¡¡

animalcule¡¡between¡¡its¡¡jaws¡¡till¡¡the¡¡latter¡¡has¡¡died£»¡¡but¡¡it¡¡has¡¡no¡¡

power¡¡to¡¡communicate¡¡the¡¡prey¡¡to¡¡the¡¡polype¡¡in¡¡its¡¡cell¡¡or¡¡to¡¡

swallow¡¡and¡¡digest¡¡it¡¡on¡¡its¡¡own¡¡account¡£¡¡¡¡It¡¡is¡¡certainly¡¡not¡¡an¡¡

independent¡¡parasite£»¡¡as¡¡has¡¡been¡¡supposed£»¡¡and¡¡yet¡¡its¡¡purpose¡¡in¡¡

the¡¡animal¡¡economy¡¡is¡¡a¡¡mystery¡£¡¡¡¡Mr¡£¡¡Gosse¡¡conjectures¡¡that¡¡its¡¡

use¡¡may¡¡be£»¡¡by¡¡holding¡¡animalcules¡¡till¡¡they¡¡die¡¡and¡¡decay£»¡¡to¡¡

attract¡¡by¡¡their¡¡putrescence¡¡crowds¡¡of¡¡other¡¡animalcules£»¡¡which¡¡may¡¡

thus¡¡be¡¡drawn¡¡within¡¡the¡¡influence¡¡of¡¡the¡¡polype's¡¡ciliated¡¡

tentacles¡£¡¡¡¡Fig¡£¡¡7¡¡B¡¡shows¡¡the¡¡form¡¡of¡¡one¡¡of¡¡these¡¡¡¨birds'¡¡heads£»¡¨¡¡

and¡¡fig¡£¡¡7¡¡C£»¡¡its¡¡position¡¡on¡¡the¡¡cell¡£





FLUSTRA¡¡LINEATA¡£¡¡¡¡PL¡£¡¡I¡£¡¡FIG¡£¡¡1¡£





In¡¡Flustrae£»¡¡the¡¡cells¡¡are¡¡placed¡¡side¡¡by¡¡side¡¡on¡¡an¡¡expanded¡¡

membrane¡£¡¡¡¡Fig¡£¡¡1¡¡represents¡¡the¡¡general¡¡appearance¡¡of¡¡a¡¡species¡¡

which¡¡at¡¡least¡¡resembles¡¡F¡£¡¡lineata¡¡as¡¡figured¡¡in¡¡Johnston's¡¡work¡£¡¡¡¡

It¡¡is¡¡spread¡¡upon¡¡a¡¡Fucus¡£¡¡¡¡Fig¡£¡¡A¡¡is¡¡an¡¡enlarged¡¡view¡¡of¡¡the¡¡

cells¡£





FLUSTRA¡¡FOLIACEA¡£¡¡¡¡PL¡£¡¡I¡£¡¡FIG¡£¡¡2¡£





We¡¡figure¡¡a¡¡frond¡¡or¡¡two¡¡of¡¡the¡¡common¡¡species£»¡¡which¡¡has¡¡cells¡¡on¡¡

both¡¡sides¡£¡¡¡¡It¡¡is¡¡rarely¡¡that¡¡the¡¡polypes¡¡can¡¡be¡¡seen¡¡in¡¡a¡¡state¡¡

of¡¡expansion¡£





SERIALARIA¡¡LENDIGERA¡£¡¡¡¡PL¡£¡¡I¡£¡¡fig¡£¡¡10¡£



NOTAMIA¡¡BURSARIA¡£¡¡¡¡PL¡£¡¡¡¡I¡£¡¡fig¡£¡¡11¡£





The¡¡¡¨tobacco¡­pipe¡¨¡¨¡¡appendages£»¡¡fig¡£¡¡11¡¡B£»¡¡are¡¡of¡¡unknown¡¡use£º¡¡¡¡

they¡¡are¡¡probably¡¡analogous¡¡to¡¡the¡¡birds'¡¡heads¡¡in¡¡the¡¡Cellularae¡£







PLATE¡¡V¡£







CORALS¡¡AND¡¡SEA¡¡ANEMONES¡£





CARYOPHYLLAEA¡¡SMITHII¡£¡¡¡¡PL¡£¡¡V¡£¡¡FIG¡£¡¡2¡£¡¡¡¡PL¡£¡¡VI¡£¡¡FIG¡£¡¡3¡£





THE¡¡connection¡¡between¡¡Brainstones£»¡¡Mushroom¡¡Corals£»¡¡and¡¡other¡¡

Madrepores¡¡abounding¡¡on¡¡Polynesian¡¡reefs£»¡¡and¡¡the¡¡¡¨Sea¡¡Anemones£»¡¨¡¡

which¡¡have¡¡lately¡¡become¡¡so¡¡familiar¡¡to¡¡us¡¡all£»¡¡can¡¡be¡¡seen¡¡by¡¡

comparing¡¡our¡¡comparatively¡¡insignificant¡¡C¡£¡¡Smithii¡¡with¡¡our¡¡

commonest¡¡species¡¡of¡¡Actinia¡¡and¡¡Sagartia¡£¡¡¡¡The¡¡former¡¡is¡¡a¡¡

beautiful¡¡object¡¡when¡¡the¡¡fleshy¡¡part¡¡and¡¡tentacles¡¡are¡¡wholly¡¡or¡¡

partially¡¡expanded¡£¡¡¡¡Like¡¡Actinia£»¡¡it¡¡has¡¡a¡¡membranous¡¡covering£»¡¡a¡¡

simple¡¡sac¡­like¡¡stomach£»¡¡a¡¡central¡¡mouth£»¡¡a¡¡disk¡¡surrounded¡¡by¡¡

contractile¡¡and¡¡adhesive¡¡tentacles¡£¡¡¡¡Unlike¡¡Actinia£»¡¡it¡¡is¡¡fixed¡¡to¡¡

submarine¡¡bodies£»¡¡to¡¡which¡¡it¡¡is¡¡glued¡¡in¡¡very¡¡early¡¡life£»¡¡and¡¡

cannot¡¡change¡¡its¡¡place¡£¡¡¡¡Unlike¡¡Actinia£»¡¡its¡¡body¡¡is¡¡supported¡¡by¡¡

a¡¡stony¡¡skeleton¡¡of¡¡calcareous¡¡plates¡¡arranged¡¡edgewise¡¡so¡¡as¡¡to¡¡

radiate¡¡from¡¡the¡¡centre¡£¡¡¡¡But¡¡as¡¡we¡¡find¡¡some¡¡Molluscs¡¡furnished¡¡

with¡¡a¡¡shell£»¡¡and¡¡others¡¡even¡¡of¡¡the¡¡same¡¡character¡¡and¡¡habits¡¡

without¡¡one£»¡¡so¡¡we¡¡find¡¡that¡¡in¡¡spite¡¡of¡¡this¡¡seemingly¡¡important¡¡

difference£»¡¡the¡¡animals¡¡are¡¡very¡¡similar¡¡in¡¡their¡¡nature¡£¡¡¡¡Since¡¡

the¡¡introduction¡¡of¡¡glass¡¡tanks¡¡we¡¡have¡¡opportunities¡¡of¡¡seeing¡¡

anemones¡¡crawling¡¡up¡¡the¡¡sides£»¡¡so¡¡as¡¡to¡¡exhibit¡¡their¡¡entire¡¡basal¡¡

disk£»¡¡and¡¡then¡¡we¡¡may¡¡observe¡¡lightly¡¡coloured¡¡lines¡¡of¡¡a¡¡less¡¡

transparent¡¡substance¡¡than¡¡the¡¡interstices£»¡¡radiating¡¡from¡¡the¡¡

margin¡¡to¡¡the¡¡centre£»¡¡some¡¡short£»¡¡others¡¡reaching¡¡the¡¡entire¡¡

distance£»¡¡and¡¡arranged¡¡in¡¡exactly¡¡the¡¡same¡¡manner¡¡as¡¡the¡¡plates¡¡of¡¡

Caryophyllaea¡£¡¡¡¡These¡¡are¡¡doubtless¡¡flexible¡¡walls¡¡of¡¡compartments¡¡

dividing¡¡the¡¡fleshy¡¡parts¡¡of¡¡the¡¡softer¡¡animals£»¡¡and¡¡corresponding¡¡

with¡¡the¡¡septa¡¡of¡¡the¡¡coral¡£¡¡¡¡Fig¡£¡¡2¡¡A¡¡represents¡¡a¡¡section¡¡of¡¡the¡¡

latter£»¡¡to¡¡be¡¡compared¡¡with¡¡the¡¡basal¡¡disk¡¡of¡¡Sagartia¡£





SAGARTIA¡¡ANGUICOMA¡£¡¡¡¡PL¡£¡¡V¡£¡¡FIG¡£¡¡3£»¡¡A£»¡¡B¡£





This¡¡genus¡¡has¡¡been¡¡separated¡¡from¡¡Actinia¡¡on¡¡account¡¡of¡¡its¡¡habit¡¡

of¡¡throwing¡¡out¡¡threads¡¡when¡¡irritated¡£¡¡¡¡Although¡¡my¡¡specimens¡¡

often¡¡assumed¡¡the¡¡form¡¡represented¡¡in¡¡fig¡£¡¡3£»¡¡Mr¡£¡¡Lloyd¡¡informs¡¡me¡¡

that¡¡it¡¡must¡¡have¡¡arisen¡¡from¡¡unhealthiness¡¡of¡¡condition£»¡¡its¡¡usual¡¡

habit¡¡being¡¡to¡¡contract¡¡into¡¡a¡¡more¡¡flattened¡¡form¡£¡¡¡¡When¡¡fully¡¡

expanded£»¡¡its¡¡transparent¡¡and¡¡lengthened¡¡tentacles¡¡present¡¡a¡¡

beautiful¡¡appearance¡£¡¡¡¡Fig¡£¡¡3¡¡A£»¡¡showing¡¡a¡¡basal¡¡disk£»¡¡is¡¡given¡¡for¡¡

the¡¡purpose¡¡already¡¡described¡£





BALANOPHYLLAEA¡¡REGIA¡£¡¡¡¡PL¡£¡¡V¡£¡¡FIG¡£¡¡1¡£





Another¡¡species¡¡of¡¡British¡¡madrepore£»¡¡found¡¡by¡¡Mr¡£¡¡Gosse¡¡at¡¡

Ilfracombe£»¡¡and¡¡by¡¡Mr¡£¡¡Kingsley¡¡at¡¡Lundy¡¡Island¡£¡¡¡¡It¡¡is¡¡smaller¡¡

than¡¡O¡£¡¡Smithii£»¡¡of¡¡a¡¡very¡¡bright¡¡colour£»¡¡and¡¡always¡¡covers¡¡the¡¡

upper¡¡part¡¡of¡¡its¡¡bony¡¡skeleton£»¡¡in¡¡which¡¡the¡¡plates¡¡are¡¡

differently¡¡arranged¡¡from¡¡those¡¡of¡¡the¡¡smaller¡¡species¡£¡¡¡¡Fig¡£¡¡1¡¡

shows¡¡the¡¡tentacles¡¡expanded¡¡in¡¡an¡¡unusual¡¡degree£»¡¡1¡¡A£»¡¡animal¡¡

contracted£»¡¡1¡¡B£»¡¡the¡¡coral£»¡¡1¡¡C£»¡¡a¡¡tentacle¡¡enlarged¡£







PLATE¡¡VI¡£







CORALS¡¡AND¡¡SEA¡¡ANEMONES¡£



ACTINIA¡¡MESEMBRYANTHEMUM¡£¡¡¡¡PL¡£¡¡VI¡£¡¡FIG¡£¡¡1¡¡A¡£





This¡¡common¡¡species¡¡is¡¡more¡¡frequently¡¡met¡¡with¡¡than¡¡many¡¡others£»¡¡

because¡¡it¡¡prefers¡¡shallow¡¡water£»¡¡and¡¡often¡¡lives¡¡high¡¡up¡¡among¡¡

rocks¡¡which¡¡are¡¡only¡¡covered¡¡by¡¡the¡¡sea¡¡at¡¡very¡¡high¡¡tide£»¡¡so¡¡that¡¡

the¡¡creature¡¡can£»¡¡if¡¡it¡¡will£»¡¡spend¡¡but¡¡a¡¡short¡¡portion¡¡of¡¡its¡¡time¡¡

immersed¡£¡¡¡¡When¡¡uncovered¡¡by¡¡the¡¡tide£»¡¡it¡¡gathers¡¡up¡¡its¡¡leathery¡¡

tunic£»¡¡and¡¡presents¡¡the¡¡appearance¡¡of¡¡fig¡£¡¡1¡¡A¡£¡¡¡¡When¡¡under¡¡water¡¡

it¡¡may¡¡often¡¡be¡¡seen¡¡expanding¡¡its¡¡flower¡­like¡¡disk¡¡and¡¡moving¡¡its¡¡

feelers¡¡in¡¡search¡¡of¡¡food¡£¡¡¡¡These¡¡feelers¡¡have¡¡a¡¡certain¡¡power¡¡of¡¡

adhesion£»¡¡and¡¡any¡¡not¡¡too¡¡vigorous¡¡animals¡¡which¡¡they¡¡touch¡¡are¡¡

easily¡¡drawn¡¡towards¡¡the¡¡centre¡¡and¡¡swallowed¡£¡¡¡¡Around¡¡the¡¡margin¡¡

of¡¡the¡¡tunic¡¡are¡¡seen¡¡peeping¡¡out¡¡between¡¡the¡¡tentacles¡¡certain¡¡

bright¡¡blue¡¡globules¡¡looking¡¡very¡¡like¡¡eyes£»¡¡but¡¡whose¡¡purpose¡¡is¡¡

not¡¡exactly¡¡ascertained¡£¡¡¡¡Fig¡£¡¡1¡¡represents¡¡the¡¡disk¡¡only¡¡partially¡¡

expanded¡£





BUNODES¡¡CRASSICORNIS¡£¡¡¡¡PL¡£¡¡VI¡£¡¡FIG¡£¡¡2¡£





This¡¡genus¡¡of¡¡Actinioid¡¡zoophytes¡¡is¡¡distinguished¡¡from¡¡Actinia¡¡

proper¡¡by¡¡the¡¡tubercles¡¡or¡¡warts¡¡which¡¡stud¡¡the¡¡outer¡¡covering¡¡of¡¡

the¡¡animal¡£¡¡¡¡In¡¡B¡£¡¡gemmacea¡¡these¡¡warts¡¡are¡¡arranged¡¡symmetrically£»¡¡

so¡¡as¡¡to¡¡give¡¡a¡¡peculiarly¡¡jewelled¡¡appearance¡¡to¡¡the¡¡body¡£¡¡¡¡Being¡¡

of¡¡a¡¡large¡¡size£»¡¡the¡¡tentacles¡¡of¡¡B¡£¡¡crassicornis¡¡exhibit¡¡in¡¡great¡¡

perfection¡¡the¡¡adhesive¡¡powers¡¡produced¡¡by¡¡the¡¡nettling¡¡threads¡¡

which¡¡proceed¡¡from¡¡them¡£





CARYOPHYLLAEA¡¡SMITHII¡£¡¡¡¡PL¡£¡¡VI¡£¡¡FIG¡£¡¡3¡£





This¡¡figure¡¡is¡¡to¡¡show¡¡a¡¡whiter¡¡variety£»¡¡with¡¡the¡¡flesh¡¡and¡¡

tentacles¡¡fully¡¡expanded







PLATE¡¡VIII¡£







MOLLUSCA¡£



NASSA¡¡RETICULATA¡£¡¡¡¡PL¡£¡¡VIII¡£¡¡fig¡£¡¡2£»¡¡A£»¡¡B£»¡¡C£»¡¡D£»¡¡E£»¡¡F





A¡¡VERY¡¡active¡¡Mollusc£»¡¡given¡¡here¡¡chiefly¡¡on¡¡account¡¡of¡¡the¡¡

opportunity¡¡afforded¡¡by¡¡the¡¡birth¡¡of¡¡young¡¡fry¡¡in¡¡Mr¡£¡¡Lloyd's¡¡

tanks¡£¡¡¡¡The¡¡NASSA¡¡feeds¡¡on¡¡small¡¡animalcules£»¡¡for¡¡which£»¡¡in¡¡

aquaria£»¡¡it¡¡may¡¡be¡¡seen¡¡routing¡¡among¡¡the¡¡sand¡¡and¡¡stones£»¡¡

sometimes¡¡burying¡¡itself¡¡among¡¡them¡¡so¡¡as¡¡only¡¡to¡¡show¡¡its¡¡caudal¡¡

tube¡¡moving¡¡along¡¡between¡¡them¡£¡¡¡¡A¡¡pair¡¡of¡¡Nassae¡¡in¡¡Mr¡£¡¡Lloyd's¡¡

collection£»¡¡deposited£»¡¡on¡¡the¡¡5th¡¡of¡¡April£»¡¡about¡¡fifty¡¡capsules¡¡or¡¡

bags¡¡of¡¡eggs¡¡upon¡¡the¡¡stems¡¡of¡¡weeds¡¡£¨fig¡£¡¡2¡¡B£©£»¡¡each¡¡capsule¡¡

contained¡¡about¡¡a¡¡hundred¡¡eggs¡£¡¡¡¡The¡¡capsules¡¡opened¡¡on¡¡the¡¡16th¡¡of¡¡

May£»¡¡permitting¡¡the¡¡escape¡¡of¡¡rotiferous¡¡fry¡¡£¨fig¡£¡¡2£»¡¡C£»¡¡D£»¡¡E£©£»¡¡not¡¡

in¡¡the¡¡slightest¡¡degree¡¡resembling¡¡the¡¡parent£»¡¡but¡¡presenting¡¡

minute¡¡nautilus¡­shaped¡¡transparent¡¡shells¡£¡¡¡¡These¡¡shells¡¡rather¡¡

hang¡¡on¡¡than¡¡cover¡¡the¡¡bodies£»¡¡which¡¡have¡¡a¡¡pair¡¡of¡¡lobes£»¡¡around¡¡

which¡¡vibrate¡¡minute¡¡cilia¡¡in¡¡such¡¡a¡¡manner¡¡as¡¡to¡¡give¡¡them¡¡an¡¡

appearance¡¡of¡¡rotatory¡¡motion¡£¡¡¡¡Under¡¡a¡¡lens¡¡they¡¡may¡¡be¡¡seen¡¡

moving¡¡about¡¡very¡¡actively¡¡in¡¡various¡¡positions£»¡¡but¡¡always¡¡with¡¡

the¡¡look¡¡of¡¡being¡¡moved¡¡by¡¡rapidly¡¡turning¡¡wheels¡£¡¡¡¡We¡¡should¡¡have¡¡

been¡¡glad¡¡to¡¡witness¡¡the¡¡next¡¡step¡¡towards¡¡assuming¡¡their¡¡ultimate¡¡

form£»¡¡but¡¡were¡¡disappointed£»¡¡as¡¡the¡¡embryos¡¡died¡£¡¡¡¡Fig¡£¡¡2¡¡F¡¡is¡¡the¡¡

tongue¡¡of¡¡a¡¡Nassa£»¡¡from¡¡a¡¡photograph¡¡by¡¡Dr¡£¡¡Kingsley¡£







Footnotes£º



£¨1£©¡¡SERTULARIA¡¡OPERCULATA¡¡and¡¡GEMELLARIA¡¡LOCICULATA£»¡¡or¡¡any¡¡of¡¡the¡¡

small¡¡SERTULARIAE£»¡¡compared¡¡with¡¡CRISIAE¡¡and¡¡CELLULARIAE£»¡¡are¡¡very¡¡

good¡¡examples¡£¡¡¡¡For¡¡a¡¡fuller¡¡description¡¡of¡¡these£»¡¡see¡¡Appendix¡¡

explaining¡¡Plate¡¡I¡£



£¨2£©¡¡If¡¡any¡¡inland¡¡reader¡¡wishes¡¡to¡¡see¡¡the¡¡action¡¡of¡¡this¡¡foot£»¡¡in¡¡

the¡¡bivalve¡¡Molluscs£»¡¡let¡¡him¡¡look¡¡at¡¡the¡¡Common¡¡Pond¡­Mussel¡¡

£¨Anodon¡¡Cygneus£©£»¡¡which¡¡he¡¡will¡¡find¡¡in¡¡most¡¡stagnant¡¡waters£»¡¡and¡¡

see¡¡how¡¡he¡¡burrows¡¡with¡¡it¡¡in¡¡the¡¡mud£»¡¡and¡¡how£»¡¡when¡¡the¡¡water¡¡is¡¡

drawn¡¡off£»¡¡he¡¡walks¡¡solemnly¡¡into¡¡deeper¡¡water£»¡¡leaving¡¡a¡¡furrow¡¡

behind¡¡him¡£



£¨3£©¡¡These¡¡shells¡¡are¡¡so¡¡common¡¡that¡¡I¡¡have¡¡not¡¡cared¡¡to¡¡figure¡¡

them¡£



£¨4£©¡¡Plate¡¡IX¡£¡¡Fig¡£¡¡3£»¡¡represents¡¡both¡¡parasites¡¡on¡¡the¡¡dead¡¡

Turritella¡£



£¨5£©¡¡A¡¡few¡¡words¡¡on¡¡him£»¡¡and¡¡on¡¡sea¡­anemones¡¡in¡¡general£»¡¡may¡¡be¡¡

found¡¡in¡¡Appendix¡¡II¡£¡¡¡¡But¡¡full¡¡details£»¡¡accompanied¡¡with¡¡beautiful¡¡

plates£»¡¡may¡¡be¡¡found¡¡in¡¡Mr¡£¡¡Gosse's¡¡work¡¡on¡¡British¡¡sea¡­anemones¡¡

and¡¡madrepores£»¡¡which¡¡ought¡¡to¡¡be¡¡in¡¡every¡¡seaside¡¡library¡£



£¨6£©¡¡Handbook¡¡to¡¡the¡¡Marine¡¡Aquarium¡¡of¡¡the¡¡Crystal¡¡Palace¡£



£¨7£©¡¡An¡¡admirable¡¡paper¡¡on¡¡this¡¡extraordinary¡¡family¡¡may¡¡be¡¡found¡¡in¡¡

the¡¡Zoological¡¡Society's¡¡Proceedings¡¡for¡¡July¡¡1858£»¡¡by¡¡Messrs¡£¡¡S¡£¡¡

P¡£¡¡Woodward¡¡and¡¡the¡¡late¡¡lamented¡¡Lucas¡¡Barrett¡£¡¡¡¡See¡¡also¡¡

Quatrefages£»¡¡I¡£¡¡82£»¡¡or¡¡Synapta¡¡Duvernaei¡£



£¨8£©¡¡Thalassema¡¡Neptuni¡¡£¨Forbes'¡¡British¡¡Star¡­Fishes£»¡¡p¡£¡¡259£©£»



£¨9£©¡¡The¡¡Londoner¡¡may¡¡see¡¡specimens¡¡of¡¡them¡¡at¡¡the¡¡Zoological¡¡

Gardens¡¡and¡¡at¡¡the¡¡Crystal¡¡Palace£»¡¡as¡¡also¡¡of¡¡the¡¡rare¡¡and¡¡

beautiful¡¡Sabella£»¡¡figured¡¡in¡¡the¡¡same¡¡plate£»¡¡and¡¡of¡¡the¡¡

Balanophyllia£»¡¡or¡¡a¡¡closely¡­allied¡¡species£»¡¡from¡¡the¡¡Mediterranean£»¡¡

mentioned¡¡in¡¡p¡£¡¡109¡£



£¨10£©¡¡A¡¡Naturalist's¡¡Rambles¡¡on¡¡the¡¡Devonshire¡¡Coast£»¡¡p¡£¡¡110¡£



£¨11£©¡¡Balanophyllia¡¡regia£»¡¡Plate¡¡V¡£¡¡fig¡£¡¡1¡£



£¨12£©¡¡Amphidotus¡¡cordatus¡£



£¨13£©¡¡Echinus¡¡miliaris£»¡¡Plate¡¡VII¡£



£¨14£©¡¡See¡¡Professor¡¡Sedgwick's¡¡last¡¡edition¡¡of¡¡the¡¡¡¨Discourses¡¡on¡¡

the¡¡Studies¡¡of¡¡Cambridge¡£¡¨



£¨15£©¡¡Fissurella¡¡graeca£»¡¡Plate¡¡X¡£¡¡fig¡£¡¡5¡£



£¨16£©¡¡Doris¡¡tuberculata¡¡and¡¡bilineata¡£



£¨17£©¡¡Eolis¡¡papi¡¡losa¡£¡¡¡¡A¡¡Doris¡¡and¡¡an¡¡Eolis£»¡¡though¡¡not¡¡of¡¡these¡¡

species£»¡¡are¡¡figured¡¡in

·µ»ØÄ¿Â¼ ÉÏÒ»Ò³ ÏÂÒ»Ò³ »Øµ½¶¥²¿ ÔÞ£¨0£© ²È£¨0£©

Äã¿ÉÄÜϲ»¶µÄ