the history-第75章

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kewise　placed　ten　demes　in　each　of　the　tribes；　and　he　was；　now　that　the　common　people　took　his　part；　very　much　more　powerful　than　his　adversaries。　　　　　Isagoras　in　his　turn　lost　ground；　and　therefore；　to　counter…plot　his　enemy；　he　called　in　Cleomenes　the　Lacedaemonian；　who　had　already；　at　the　time　when　he　was　besieging　the　Pisistratidae；　made　a　contract　of　friendship　with　him。　A　charge　is　even　brought　against　Cleomenes　that　he　was　on　terms　of　too　great　familiarity　with　Isagoras's　wife。　At　this　time　the　first　thing　that　he　did　was　to　send　a　herald　and　require　that　Clisthenes；　and　a　large　number　of　Athenians　besides；　whom　he　called　〃The　Accursed；〃　should　leave　Athens。　This　message　he　sent　at　the　suggestion　of　Isagoras：　for　in　the　affair　referred　to；　the　blood…guiltiness　lay　on　the　Alcmaeonidae　and　their　partisans；　while　he　and　his　friends　were　quite　clear　of　it。　　　　　The　way　in　which　〃The　Accursed〃　at　Athens　got　their　name；　was　the　following。　There　was　a　certain　Athenian　called　Cylon；　a　victor　at　the　Olympic　Games；　who　aspired　to　the　sovereignty；　and　aided　by　a　number　of　his　companions；　who　were　of　the　same　age　with　himself；　made　an　attempt　to　seize　the　citadel。　But　the　attack　failed；　and　Cylon　became　a　suppliant　at　the　image。　Hereupon　the　Heads　of　the　Naucraries；　who　at　that　time　bore　rule　in　Athens；　induced　the　fugitives　to　remove　by　a　promise　to　spare　their　lives。　Nevertheless　they　were　all　slain；　and　the　blame　was　laid　on　the　Alcmaeonidae。　All　this　happened　before　the　time　of　Pisistratus。　　　　　When　the　message　of　Cleomenes　arrived；　requiring　Clisthenes　and　〃The　Accursed〃　to　quit　the　city；　Clisthenes　departed　of　his　own　accord。　Cleomenes；　however；　notwithstanding　his　departure；　came　to　Athens；　with　a　small　band　of　followers；　and　on　his　arrival　sent　into　banishment　seven　hundred　Athenian　families；　which　were　pointed　out　to　him　by　Isagoras。　Succeeding　here；　he　next　endeavoured　to　dissolve　the　council；　and　to　put　the　government　into　the　hands　of　three　hundred　of　the　partisans　of　that　leader。　But　the　council　resisted；　and　refused　to　obey　his　orders；　whereupon　Cleomenes；　Isagoras；　and　their　followers　took　possession　of　the　citadel。　Here　they　were　attacked　by　the　rest　of　the　Athenians；　who　took　the　side　of　the　council；　and　were　besieged　for　the　space　of　two　days：　on　the　third　day　they　accepted　terms；　being　allowed…　at　least　such　of　them　as　were　Lacedaemonians…　to　quit　the　country。　And　so　the　word　which　came　to　Cleomenes　received　its　fulfilment。　For　when　he　first　went　up　into　the　citadel；　meaning　to　seize　it；　just　as　he　was　entering　the　sanctuary　of　the　goddess；　in　order　to　question　her；　the　priestess　arose　from　her　throne；　before　he　had　passed　the　doors；　and　said…　〃Stranger　from　Lacedaemon；　depart　hence；　and　presume　not　to　enter　the　holy　place…　it　is　not　lawful　for　a　Dorian　to　set　foot　there。〃　But　he　answered；　〃Oh！　woman；　I　am　not　a　Dorian；　but　an　Achaean。〃　Slighting　this　warning；　Cleomenes　made　his　attempt；　and　so　he　was　forced　to　retire；　together　with　his　Lacedaemonians。　The　rest　were　cast　into　prison　by　the　Athenians；　and　condemned　to　die…　among　them　Timasitheus　the　Delphian；　of　whose　prowess　and　courage　I　have　great　things　which　I　could　tell。　　　　　So　these　men　died　in　prison。　The　Athenians　directly　afterwards　recalled　Clisthenes；　and　the　seven　hundred　families　which　Cleomenes　had　driven　out；　and；　further；　they　sent　envoys　to　Sardis；　to　make　an　alliance　with　the　Persians；　for　they　knew　that　war　would　follow　with　Cleomenes　and　the　Lacedaemonians。　When　the　ambassadors　reached　Sardis　and　delivered　their　message；　Artaphernes；　son　of　Hystaspes；　who　was　at　that　time　governor　of　the　Place；　inquired　of　them　〃who　they　were；　and　in　what　part　of　the　world　they　dwelt；　that　they　wanted　to　become　allies　of　the　Persians？〃　The　messengers　told　him；　upon　which　he　answered　them　shortly…　that　〃if　the　Athenians　chose　to　give　earth　and　water　to　King　Darius；　he　would　conclude　an　alliance　with　them；　but　if　not；　they　might　go　home　again。〃　After　consulting　together；　the　envoys；　anxious　to　form　the　alliance；　accepted　the　terms；　but　on　their　return　to　Athens；　they　fell　into　deep　disgrace　on　account　of　their　compliance。　　　　　Meanwhile　Cleomenes；　who　considered　himself　to　have　been　insulted　by　the　Athenians　both　in　word　and　deed；　was　drawing　a　force　together　from　all　parts　of　the　Peloponnese；　without　informing　any　one　of　his　object；　which　was　to　revenge　himself　on　the　Athenians；　and　to　establish　Isagoras；　who　had　escaped　with　him　from　the　citadel；　as　despot　of　Athens。　Accordingly；　with　a　large　army；　he　invaded　the　district　of　Eleusis；　while　the　Boeotians；　who　had　concerted　measures　with　him；　took　Oenoe　and　Hysiae；　two　country　towns　upon　the　frontier；　and　at　the　same　time　the　Chalcideans；　on　another　side；　plundered　divers　places　in　Attica。　The　Athenians；　notwithstanding　that　danger　threatened　them　from　every　quarter；　put　off　all　thought　of　the　Boeotians　and　Chalcideans　till　a　future　time；　and　marched　against　the　Peloponnesians；　who　were　at　Eleusis。　　　　　As　the　two　hosts　were　about　to　engage；　first　of　all　the　Corinthians；　bethinking　themselves　that　they　were　perpetrating　a　wrong；　changed　their　minds；　and　drew　off　from　the　main　army。　Then　Demaratus；　son　of　Ariston；　who　was　himself　king　of　Sparta　and　joint…leader　of　the　expedition；　and　who　till　now　had　had　no　sort　of　quarrel　with　Cleomenes；　followed　their　example。　On　account　of　this　rupture　between　the　kings；　a　law　was　passed　at　Sparta；　forbidding　both　monarchs　to　go　out　together　with　the　army；　as　had　been　the　custom　hitherto。　The　law　also　provided；　that；　as　one　of　the　kings　was　to　be　left　behind；　one　of　the　Tyndaridae　should　also　remain　at　home；　whereas　hitherto　both　had　accompanied　the　expeditions；　as　auxiliaries。　So　when　the　rest　of　the　allies　saw　that　the　Lacedaemonian　kings　were　not　of　one　mind；　and　that　the　Corinthian　troops　had　quitted　their　post；　they　likewise　drew　off　and　departed。　　　　　This　was　the　fourth　time　that　the　Dorians　had　invaded　Attica：　twice　they　came　as　enemies；　and　twice　they　came　to　do　good　service　to　the　Athenian　people。　Their　first　invasion　took　place　at　the　period　when　they　founded　Megara；　and　is　rightly　placed　in　the　reign　of　Codrus　at　Athens；　the　second　and　third　occasions　were　when　they　came　from　Sparta　to　drive　out　the　Pisistratidae；　the　fourth　was　the　present　attack；　when　Cleomenes；　at　the　head　of　a　Peloponnesian　army；　entered　at　Eleusis。　Thus　the　Dorians　had　now　four　times　invaded　Attica。　　　　　So　when　the　Spartan　army　had　broken　up　from　its　quarters　thus　ingloriously；　the　Athenians；　wishing　to　revenge　themselves；　marched　first　against　the　Chalcideans。　The　Boeotians；　however；　advancing　to　the　aid　of　the　latter　as　far　as　the　Euripus；　the　Athenians　thought　it　best　to　attack　them　first。　A　battle　was　fought　accordingly；　and　the　Athenians　gained　a　very　complete　victory；　killing　a　vast　number　of　the　enemy；　and　taking　seven　hundred　of　them　alive。　After　this；　on　the　very　same　day；　they　crossed　into　Euboea；　and　engaged　the　Chalcideans　with　the　like　success；　whereupon　they　left　four　thousand　settlers　upon　the　lands　of　the　Hippobotae；…　which　is　the　name　the　Chalcideans　give　to　their　rich　men。　All　the　Chalcidean　prisoners　whom　they　took　were　put　in　irons；　and　kept　for　a　long　time　in　close　confinement；　as　likewise　were　the　Boeotians；　until　the　ransom　asked　for　them　was　paid；　and　this　the　Athenians　fixed　at　two　minae　the　man。　The　chains　wherewith　they　were　fettered　the　Athenians　suspended　in　their　citadel；　where　they　were　still　to　be　seen　in　my　day；　hanging　against　the　wall　scorched　by　the　Median　flames；　opposite　the　chapel　which　faces　the　west。　The　Athenians　made　an　offering　of　the　tenth　part　of　the　ransom…money：　and　expended　it　on　the　brazen　chariot　drawn　by　four　steeds；　which　stands　on　the　left　hand　immediately　that　one　enters　the　gateway　of　the　citadel。　The　inscription　runs　as　follows：…

　　　　When　Chalcis　and　Boeotia　dared　her　might；　　　　　Athens　subdued　their　pride　in　valorous　fight；　　　　　Gave　bonds　for　insults；　and；　the　ransom　paid；　　　　　From　the　full　tenths　these　steeds　for　Pallas　made。

　　　　Thus　did　the　Athenians　increase　in　strength。　And　it　is　plain　enough；　not　from　this　instance　only；　but　from　many　everywhere；　that　freedom　is　an　excellent　thing　since　even　the　Athenians；　who；　while　they　continued　under　the　rule　of　tyrants；　were　not　a　whit　more　valiant　than　any　of　their　neighbours；　no　sooner　shook　off　the　yoke　than　they　became　decidedly　the　first　of　all。　These　things　show　that；　while　undergoing　oppression；　they　let　themselves　be　beaten；　since　then　they　worked　for　a　master；　but　so　soon　as　they　got　their　freedom；　each　man　was　eager　to　do　the　best　he　could　for　himself。　So　fared　it　now　with　the　Athenians。　　　　　Meanwhile　the　Thebans；　who　longed　to　be　revenged　on　the　Athenians；　had　sent　to　the　oracle；　and　been　told　by　the　Pythoness　that　of　their　own　strength　they　would　be　unable　to　accomplish　their　wish：　〃they　must　lay　the　matter；〃　she　said；　〃before　the　many…voiced；　and　ask　the　aid　of　those　nearest　them。〃　The　messengers；　therefore；　on　their　return；　called　a　meeting；　and　laid　the　answer　of　the　oracle　before　the　people；　who　no　sooner　heard　the　advice　to　〃ask　the　aid　of　those　nearest　them〃　than　they　exclaimed…　〃What！　are　not　they　who　dwell　the　nearest　to　us　the　men　of　Tanagra；　of　Coronaea；　and　Thespiae？　Yet　these　men　always　fight　on　our　side；　and　have　aided　us　with　a　good　heart　all　through　the　war。　Of　what　use　is　it　to　ask　them？　But　maybe　this　is　not　the　true　meaning　of　the　oracle。〃　　　　　As　they　were　thus　discoursing　one　with　another；　a　certain　man；　informed　of　the　debate；　cried　out…〃Methinks　that　I　understand　what　course　the　oracle　would　recommend　to　us。　Asopus；　they　say；　had　two　daughters；　Thebe　and　Egina。　The　god　means　that；　as　these　two　were　sisters；　we　ought　to　ask　the　Eginetans　to　lend　us　aid。〃　As　no　one　was　able　to　hit　on　any　better　explanation；　the　Thebans　forthwith　sent　messengers　to　Egina；　and；　according　to　the　advice　of　the　oracle；　asked　their　aid；　as　the　people　〃nearest　to　them。〃　In　answer　to　this　petition　the　Eginetans　said　that　they　would　give　them　the　Aeacidae　for　helpers。　　　　　The　Thebans　now；　relying　on　the　assistance　of　the　Aeacidae；　ventured　to　renew　the　war；　but　they　met　with　so　rough　a　reception；　that　they　resolved　to　send　to　the　Eginetans　again；　returning　the　Aeacidae；　and　beseeching　them　to　send　some　men　instead。　The　Eginetans；　who　were　at　that　time　a　most　flourishing　people；　elated　with　their　greatness；　and　at　the　same　time　calling　to　mind　their　ancient　feud　with　Athens；　agreed　to　lend　the　Thebans　aid；　and　forthwith　went　to　war　with　the　Athenians；　without　even　giving　them　notice　by　a　herald。　The　attention　of　these　latter　being　engaged　by　the　struggle　with　the　Boeotians；　the　Eginetans　in　their　ships　of　war　made　descents　upon　Attica；　plundered　Phalerum；　and　ravaged　a　vast　number　of　the　townships　upon　the　sea…board；　whereby　the　Athenians　suffered　very　grievous　damage。　　　　　The　ancient　feud　between　the　Eginetans　and　Athenians　arose　out　of　the　following　circumstances。　Once　upon　a　time　the　land　of　Epidaurus　would　bear　no　crops；　and　the　Epidaurians　sent　to　consult　the　oracle　of　Delphi　concerning　their　affliction。　The　answer　bade　them　set　up　the　images　of　Damia　and　Auxesia；　and　promised　them　better　fortune　when　that　should　be　done。　〃Shall　the　images　be　made　of　bronze　or　stone？〃　the　Epidaurians　asked；　but　the　Pyt