the history-第44章

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ls　of　the　place。　I　myself　once　fell　in　with　the　grandson　of　this　Archias；　a　man　named　Archias　like　his　grandsire；　and　the　son　of　Samius；　whom　I　met　at　Pitana；　to　which　canton　he　belonged。　He　respected　the　Samians　beyond　all　other　foreigners；　and　he　told　me　that　his　father　was　called　Samius；　because　his　grandfather　Archias　died　in　Samos　so　gloriously；　and　that　the　reason　why　he　respected　the　Samians　so　greatly　was　that　his　grandsire　was　buried　with　public　honours　by　the　Samian　people。　　　　　The　Lacedaemonians　besieged　Samos　during　forty　days；　but　not　making　any　progress　before　the　place；　they　raised　the　siege　at　the　end　of　that　time；　and　returned　home　to　the　Peloponnese。　There　is　a　silly　tale　told　that　Polycrates　struck　a　quantity　of　the　coin　of　his　country　in　lead；　and；　coating　it　with　gold；　gave　it　to　the　Lacedaemonians；　who　on　receiving　it　took　their　departure。　　　　　This　was　the　first　expedition　into　Asia　of　the　Lacedaemonian　Dorians。　　　　　The　Samians　who　had　fought　against　Polycrates；　when　they　knew　that　the　Lacedaemonians　were　about　to　forsake　them；　left　Samos　themselves；　and　sailed　to　Siphnos。　They　happened　to　be　in　want　of　money；　and　the　Siphnians　at　that　time　were　at　the　height　of　their　greatness；　no　islanders　having　so　much　wealth　as　they。　There　were　mines　of　gold　and　silver　in　their　country；　and　of　so　rich　a　yield；　that　from　a　tithe　of　the　ores　the　Siphnians　furnished　out　a　treasury　at　Delphi　which　was　on　a　par　with　the　grandest　there。　What　the　mines　yielded　was　divided　year　by　year　among　the　citizens。　At　the　time　when　they　formed　the　treasury；　the　Siphnians　consulted　the　oracle；　and　asked　whether　their　good　things　would　remain　to　them　many　years。　The　Pythoness　made　answer　as　follows：…

　　　　When　the　Prytanies'seat　shines　white　in　the　island　of　Siphnos；　　　　　White…browed　all　the　forum…need　then　of　a　true　seer's　wisdom…　　　　　Danger　will　threat　from　a　wooden　host；　and　a　herald　in　scarlet。

Now　about　this　time　the　forum　of　the　Siphnians　and　their　townhall　or　prytaneum　had　been　adorned　with　Parian　marble。　　　　　The　Siphnians；　however；　were　unable　to　understand　the　oracle；　either　at　the　time　when　it　was　given；　or　afterwards　on　the　arrival　of　the　Samians。　For　these　last　no　sooner　came　to　anchor　off　the　island　than　they　sent　one　of　their　vessels；　with　an　ambassage　on　board；　to　the　city。　All　ships　in　these　early　times　were　painted　with　vermilion；　and　this　was　what　the　Pythoness　had　meant　when　she　told　them　to　beware　of　danger　〃from　a　wooden　host；　and　a　herald　in　scarlet。〃　So　the　ambassadors　came　ashore　and　besought　the　Siphnians　to　lend　them　ten　talents；　but　the　Siphnians　refused；　whereupon　the　Samians　began　to　plunder　their　lands。　Tidings　of　this　reached　the　Siphnians；　who　straightway　sallied　forth　to　save　their　crops；　then　a　battle　was　fought；　in　which　the　Siphnians　suffered　defeat；　and　many　of　their　number　were　cut　off　from　the　city　by　the　Samians；　after　which　these　latter　forced　the　Siphnians　to　give　them　a　hundred　talents。　　　　　With　this　money　they　bought　of　the　Hermionians　the　island　of　Hydrea；　off　the　coast　of　the　Peloponnese；　and　this　they　gave　in　trust　to　the　Troezenians；　to　keep　for　them；　while　they　themselves　went　on　to　Crete；　and　founded　the　city　of　Cydonia。　They　had　not　meant；　when　they　set　sail；　to　settle　there；　but　only　to　drive　out　the　Zacynthians　from　the　island。　However　they　rested　at　Cydonia；　where　they　flourished　greatly　for　five　years。　It　was　they　who　built　the　various　temples　that　may　still　be　seen　at　that　place；　and　among　them　the　fane　of　Dictyna。　But　in　the　sixth　year　they　were　attacked　by　the　Eginetans；　who　beat　them　in　a　sea…fight；　and；　with　the　help　of　the　Cretans；　reduced　them　all　to　slavery。　The　beaks　of　their　ships；　which　carried　the　figure　of　a　wild　boar；　they　sawed　off；　and　laid　them　up　in　the　temple　of　Minerva　in　Egina。　The　Eginetans　took　part　against　the　Samians　on　account　of　an　ancient　grudge；　since　the　Samians　had　first；　when　Amphicrates　was　king　of　Samos；　made　war　on　them　and　done　great　harm　to　their　island；　suffering；　however；　much　damage　also　themselves。　Such　was　the　reason　which　moved　the　Eginetans　to　make　this　attack。　　　　　I　have　dwelt　the　longer　on　the　affairs　of　the　Samians；　because　three　of　the　greatest　works　in　all　Greece　were　made　by　them。　One　is　a　tunnel；　under　a　hill　one　hundred　and　fifty　fathoms　high；　carried　entirely　through　the　base　of　the　hill；　with　a　mouth　at　either　end。　The　length　of　the　cutting　is　seven　furlongs…　the　height　and　width　are　each　eight　feet。　Along　the　whole　course　there　is　a　second　cutting；　twenty　cubits　deep　and　three　feet　broad；　whereby　water　is　brought；　through　pipes；　from　an　abundant　source　into　the　city。　The　architect　of　this　tunnel　was　Eupalinus；　son　of　Naustrophus；　a　Megarian。　Such　is　the　first　of　their　great　works；　the　second　is　a　mole　in　the　sea；　which　goes　all　round　the　harbour；　near　twenty　fathoms　deep；　and　in　length　above　two　furlongs。　The　third　is　a　temple；　the　largest　of　all　the　temples　known　to　us；　whereof　Rhoecus；　son　of　Phileus；　a　Samian；　was　first　architect。　Because　of　these　works　I　have　dwelt　the　longer　on　the　affairs　of　Samos。　　　　　While　Cambyses；　son　of　Cyrus；　after　losing　his　senses；　still　lingered　in　Egypt；　two　Magi；　brothers；　revolted　against　him。　One　of　them　had　been　left　in　Persia　by　Cambyses　as　comptroller　of　his　household；　and　it　was　he　who　began　the　revolt。　Aware　that　Smerdis　was　dead；　and　that　his　death　was　hid　and　known　to　few　of　the　Persians；　while　most　believed　that　he　was　still　alive；　he　laid　his　plan；　and　made　a　bold　stroke　for　the　crown。　He　had　a　brother…　the　same　of　whom　I　spoke　before　as　his　partner　in　the　revolt…　who　happened　greatly　to　resemble　Smerdis　the　son　of　Cyrus；　whom　Cambyses　his　brother　had　put　to　death。　And　not　only　was　this　brother　of　his　like　Smerdis　in　person；　but　he　also　bore　the　selfsame　name；　to　wit　Smerdis。　Patizeithes；　the　other　Magus；　having　persuaded　him　that　he　would　carry　the　whole　business　through；　took　him　and　made　him　sit　upon　the　royal　throne。　Having　so　done；　he　sent　heralds　through　all　the　land；　to　Egypt　and　elsewhere；　to　make　proclamation　to　the　troops　that　henceforth　they　were　to　obey　Smerdis　the　son　of　Cyrus；　and　not　Cambyses。　　　　　The　other　heralds　therefore　made　proclamation　as　they　were　ordered；　and　likewise　the　herald　whose　place　it　was　to　proceed　into　Egypt。　He；　when　he　reached　Agbatana　in　Syria；　finding　Cambyses　and　his　army　there；　went　straight　into　the　middle　of　the　host；　and　standing　forth　before　them　all；　made　the　proclamation　which　Patizeithes　the　Magus　had　commanded。　Cambyses　no　sooner　heard　him；　than　believing　that　what　the　herald　said　was　true；　and　imagining　that　he　had　been　betrayed　by　Prexaspes　（who；　he　supposed；　had　not　put　Smerdis　to　death　when　sent　into　Persia　for　that　purpose）；　he　turned　his　eyes　full　upon　Prexaspes；　and　said；　〃Is　this　the　way；　Prexaspes；　that　thou　didst　my　errand？〃　〃Oh！　my　liege；〃　answered　the　other；　〃there　is　no　truth　in　the　tidings　that　Smerdis　thy　brother　has　revolted　against　thee；　nor　hast　thou　to　fear　in　time　to　come　any　quarrel；　great　or　small；　with　that　man。　With　my　own　hands　I　wrought　thy　will　on　him；　and　with　my　own　hands　I　buried　him。　If　of　a　truth　the　dead　can　leave　their　graves；　expect　Astyages　the　Mede　to　rise　and　fight　against　thee；　but　if　the　course　of　nature　be　the　same　as　formerly；　then　be　sure　no　ill　will　ever　come　upon　thee　from　this　quarter。　Now；　therefore；　my　counsel　is　that　we　send　in　pursuit　of　the　herald；　and　strictly　question　him　who　it　was　that　charged　him　to　bid　us　obey　king　Smerdis。〃　　　　　When　Prexaspes　had　so　spoken；　and　Cambyses　had　approved　his　words；　the　herald　was　forthwith　pursued；　and　brought　back　to　the　king。　Then　Prexaspes　said　to　him；　〃Sirrah；　thou　bear'st　us　a　message；　sayst　thou；　from　Smerdis；　son　of　Cyrus。　Now　answer　truly；　and　go　thy　way　scathless。　Did　Smerdis　have　thee　to　his　presence　and　give　thee　thy　orders；　or　hadst　thou　them　from　one　of　his　officers？〃　The　herald　answered；　〃Truly　I　have　not　set　eyes　on　Smerdis　son　of　Cyrus；　since　the　day　when　king　Cambyses　led　the　Persians　into　Egypt。　The　man　who　gave　me　my　orders　was　the　Magus　that　Cambyses　left　in　charge　of　the　household；　but　he　said　that　Smerdis　son　of　Cyrus　sent　you　the　message。〃　In　all　this　the　herald　spoke　nothing　but　the　strict　truth。　Then　Cambyses　said　thus　to　Prexaspes：…　〃Thou　art　free　from　all　blame；　Prexaspes；　since；　as　a　right　good　man；　thou　hast　not　failed　to　do　the　thing　which　I　commanded。　But　tell　me　now；　which　of　the　Persians　can　have　taken　the　name　of　Smerdis；　and　revolted　from　me？〃　〃I　think；　my　liege；〃　he　answered；　〃that　I　apprehend　the　whole　business。　The　men　who　have　risen　in　revolt　against　thee　are　the　two　Magi；　Patizeithes；　who　was　left　comptroller　of　thy　household；　and　his　brother；　who　is　named　Smerdis。〃　　　　　Cambyses　no　sooner　heard　the　name　of　Smerdis　than　he　was　struck　with　the　truth　of　Prexaspes'　words；　and　the　fulfilment　of　his　own　dream…　the　dream；　I　mean；　which　he　had　in　former　days；　when　one　appeared　to　him　in　his　sleep　and　told　him　that　Smerdis　sate　upon　the　royal　throne；　and　with　his　head　touched　the　heavens。　So　when　he　saw　that　he　had　needlessly　slain　his　brother　Smerdis；　he　wept　and　bewailed　his　loss：　after　which；　smarting　with　vexation　as　he　thought　of　all　his　ill　luck；　he　sprang　hastily　upon　his　steed；　meaning　to　march　his　army　with　all　haste　to　Susa　against　the　Magus。　As　he　made　his　spring；　the　button　of　his　sword…sheath　fell　off；　and　the　bared　point　entered　his　thigh；　wounding　him　exactly　where　he　had　himself　once　wounded　the　Egyptian　god　Apis。　Then　Cambyses；　feeling　that　he　had　got　his　death…wound；　inquired　the　name　of　the　place　where　he　was；　and　was　answered；　〃Agbatana。〃　Now　before　this　it　had　been　told　him　by　the　oracle　at　Buto　that　he　should　end　his　days　at　Agbatana。　He；　however；　had　understood　the　Median　Agbatana；　where　all　his　treasures　were；　and　had　thought　that　he　should　die　there　in　a　good　old　age；　but　the　oracle　meant　Agbatana　in　Syria。　So　when　Cambyses　heard　the　name　of　the　place；　the　double　shock　that　he　had　received；　from　the　revolt　of　the　Magus　and　from　his　wound；　brought　him　back　to　his　senses。　And　he　understood　now　the　true　meaning　of　the　oracle；　and　said；　〃Here　then　Cambyses；　son　of　Cyrus；　is　doomed　to　die。〃　　　　　At　this　time　he　said　no　more；　but　twenty　days　afterwards　he　called　to　his　presence　all　the　chief　Persians　who　were　with　the　army；　and　addressed　them　as　follows：…　〃Persians；　needs　must　I　tell　you　now　what　hitherto　I　have　striven　with　the　greatest　care　to　keep　concealed。　When　I　was　in　Egypt　I　saw　in　my　sleep　a　vision；　which　would　that　I　had　never　beheld！　I　thought　a　messenger　came　to　me　from　my　home；　and　told　me　that　Smerdis　sate　upon　the　royal　throne；　and　with　his　head　touched　the　heavens。　Then　I　feared　to　be　cast　from　my　throne　by　Smerdis　my　brother；　and　I　did　what　was　more　hasty　than　wise。　Ah！　truly；　do　what　they　may；　it　is　impossible　for　men　to　turn　aside　the　coming　fate。　I；　in　my　folly；　sent　Prexaspes　to　Susa　to　put　my　brother　to　death。　So　this　great　woe　was　accomplished；　and　I　then　lived　without　fear；　never　imagining　that；　after　Smerdis　was　dead；　I　need　dread　revolt　from　any　other。　But　herein　I　had　quite　mistaken　what　was　about　to　happen；　and　so　I　slew　my　brother　without　any　need；　and　nevertheless　have　lost　my　crown。　For　it　was　Smerdis　the　Magus；　and　not　Smerdis　my　brother；　of　whose　rebellion　God　forewarned　me　by　the　visi