the history-第16章

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ng　from　thee。〃　　　　　Croesus　thought　the　Lydians　would　even　so　be　better　off　than　if　they　were　sold　for　slaves；　and　therefore　gave　the　above　advice　to　Cyrus；　knowing　that；　unless　he　brought　forward　some　notable　suggestion；　he　would　not　be　able　to　persuade　him　to　alter　his　mind。　He　was　likewise　afraid　lest；　after　escaping　the　danger　which　now　pressed；　the　Lydians　at　some　future　time　might　revolt　from　the　Persians　and　so　bring　themselves　to　ruin。　The　advice　pleased　Cyrus；　who　consented　to　forego　his　anger　and　do　as　Croesus　had　said。　Thereupon　he　summoned　to　his　presence　a　certain　Mede；　Mazares　by　name；　and　charged　him　to　issue　orders　to　the　Lydians　in　accordance　with　the　terms　of　Croesus'　discourse。　Further；　he　commanded　him　to　sell　for　slaves　all　who　had　joined　the　Lydians　in　their　attack　upon　Sardis；　and　above　aught　else　to　be　sure　that　he　brought　Pactyas　with　him　alive　on　his　return。　Having　given　these　orders　Cyrus　continued　his　journey　towards　the　Persian　territory。　　　　　Pactyas；　when　news　came　of　the　near　approach　of　the　army　sent　against　him；　fled　in　terror　to　Cyme。　Mazares；　therefore；　the　Median　general；　who　had　marched　on　Sardis　with　a　detachment　of　the　army　of　Cyrus；　finding　on　his　arrival　that　Pactyas　and　his　troops　were　gone；　immediately　entered　the　town。　And　first　of　all　he　forced　the　Lydians　to　obey　the　orders　of　his　master；　and　change　（as　they　did　from　that　time）　their　entire　manner　of　living。　Next；　he　despatched　messengers　to　Cyme；　and　required　to　have　Pactyas　delivered　up　to　him。　On　this　the　Cymaeans　resolved　to　send　to　Branchidae　and　ask　the　advice　of　the　god。　Branchidae　is　situated　in　the　territory　of　Miletus；　above　the　port　of　Panormus。　There　was　an　oracle　there；　established　in　very　ancient　times；　which　both　the　Ionians　and　Aeolians　were　wont　often　to　consult。　　　　　Hither　therefore　the　Cymaeans　sent　their　deputies　to　make　inquiry　at　the　shrine；　〃What　the　gods　would　like　them　to　do　with　the　Lydian；　Pactyas？〃　The　oracle　told　them；　in　reply；　to　give　him　up　to　the　Persians。　With　this　answer　the　messengers　returned；　and　the　people　of　Cymd　were　ready　to　surrender　him　accordingly；　but　as　they　were　preparing　to　do　so；　Aristodicus；　son　of　Heraclides；　a　citizen　of　distinction；　hindered　them。　He　declared　that　he　distrusted　the　response；　and　believed　that　the　messengers　had　reported　it　falsely；　until　at　last　another　embassy；　of　which　Aristodicus　himself　made　part；　was　despatched；　to　repeat　the　former　inquiry　concerning　Pactyas。　　　　　On　their　arrival　at　the　shrine　of　the　god；　Aristodicus；　speaking　on　behalf　of　the　whole　body；　thus　addressed　the　oracle：　〃Oh！　king；　Pactyas　the　Lydian；　threatened　by　the　Persians　with　a　violent　death；　has　come　to　us　for　sanctuary；　and　lo；　they　ask　him　at　our　hands；　calling　upon　our　nation　to　deliver　him　up。　Now；　though　we　greatly　dread　the　Persian　power；　yet　have　we　not　been　bold　to　give　up　our　suppliant；　till　we　have　certain　knowledge　of　thy　mind；　what　thou　wouldst　have　us　to　do。〃　The　oracle　thus　questioned　gave　the　same　answer　as　before；　bidding　them　surrender　Pactyas　to　the　Persians；　whereupon　Aristodicus；　who　had　come　prepared　for　such　an　answer；　proceeded　to　make　the　circuit　of　the　temple；　and　to　take　all　the　nests　of　young　sparrows　and　other　birds　that　he　could　find　about　the　building。　As　he　was　thus　employed；　a　voice；　it　is　said；　came　forth　from　the　inner　sanctuary；　addressing　Aristodicus　in　these　words：　〃Most　impious　of　men；　what　is　this　thou　hast　the　face　to　do？　Dost　thou　tear　my　suppliants　from　my　temple？〃　Aristodicus；　at　no　loss　for　a　reply；　rejoined；　〃Oh；　king；　art　thou　so　ready　to　protect　thy　suppliants；　and　dost　thou　command　the　Cymaeans　to　give　up　a　suppliant？〃　〃Yes；〃　returned　the　god；　〃I　do　command　it；　that　so　for　the　impiety　you　may　the　sooner　perish；　and　not　come　here　again　to　consult　my　oracle　about　the　surrender　of　suppliants。〃　　　　　On　the　receipt　of　this　answer　the　Cymaeans；　unwilling　to　bring　the　threatened　destruction　on　themselves　by　giving　up　the　man；　and　afraid　of　having　to　endure　a　siege　if　they　continued　to　harbour　him；　sent　Pactyas　away　to　Mytilene。　On　this　Mazares　despatched　envoys　to　the　Mytilenaeans　to　demand　the　fugitive　of　them；　and　they　were　preparing　to　give　him　up　for　a　reward　（I　cannot　say　with　certainty　how　large；　as　the　bargain　was　not　completed）；　when　the　Cymaeans　hearing　what　the　Mytilenaeans　were　about；　sent　a　vessel　to　Lesbos；　and　conveyed　away　Pactyas　to　Chios。　From　hence　it　was　that　he　was　surrendered。　The　Chians　dragged　him　from　the　temple　of　Minerva　Poliuchus　and　gave　him　up　to　the　Persians；　on　condition　of　receiving　the　district　of　Atarneus；　a　tract　of　Mysia　opposite　to　Lesbos；　as　the　price　of　the　surrender。　Thus　did　Pactyas　fall　into　the　hands　of　his　pursuers；　who　kept　a　strict　watch　upon　him　that　they　might　be　able　to　produce　him　before　Cyrus。　For　a　long　time　afterwards　none　of　the　Chians　would　use　the　barley　of　Atarneus　to　place　on　the　heads　of　victims；　or　make　sacrificial　cakes　of　the　corn　grown　there；　but　the　whole　produce　of　the　land　was　excluded　from　all　their　temples。　　　　　Meanwhile　Mazares；　after　he　had　recovered　Pactyas　from　the　Chians；　made　war　upon　those　who　had　taken　part　in　the　attack　on　Tabalus；　and　in　the　first　place　took　Priene　and　sold　the　inhabitants　for　slaves；　after　which　he　overran　the　whole　plain　of　the　Maeander　and　the　district　of　Magnesia；　both　of　which　he　gave　up　for　pillage　to　the　soldiery。　He　then　suddenly　sickened　and　died。　　　　　Upon　his　death　Harpagus　was　sent　down　to　the　coast　to　succeed　to　his　command。　He　also　was　of　the　race　of　the　Medes；　being　the　man　whom　the　Median　king；　Astyages；　feasted　at　the　unholy　banquet；　and　who　lent　his　aid　to　Place　Cyrus　upon　the　throne。　Appointed　by　Cyrus　to　conduct　the　war　in　these　parts；　he　entered　Ionia；　and　took　the　cities　by　means　of　mounds。　Forcing　the　enemy　to　shut　themselves　up　within　their　defences；　he　heaped　mounds　of　earth　against　their　walls；　and　thus　carried　the　towns。　Phocaea　was　the　city　against　which　he　directed　his　first　attack。　　　　　Now　the　Phocaeans　were　the　first　of　the　Greeks　who　performed　long　voyages；　and　it　was　they　who　made　the　Greeks　acquainted　with　the　Adriatic　and　with　Tyrrhenia；　with　Iberia；　and　the　city　of　Tartessus。　The　vessel　which　they　used　in　their　voyages　was　not　the　round…built　merchant…ship；　but　the　long　penteconter。　On　their　arrival　at　Tartessus；　the　king　of　the　country；　whose　name　was　Arganthonius；　took　a　liking　to　them。　This　monarch　reigned　over　the　Tartessians　for　eighty　years；　and　lived　to　be　a　hundred　and　twenty　years　old。　He　regarded　the　Phocaeans　with　so　much　favour　as；　at　first；　to　beg　them　to　quit　Ionia　and　settle　in　whatever　part　of　his　country　they　liked。　Afterwards；　finding　that　he　could　not　prevail　upon　them　to　agree　to　this；　and　hearing　that　the　Mede　was　growing　great　in　their　neighbourhood；　he　gave　them　money　to　build　a　wall　about　their　town；　and　certainly　he　must　have　given　it　with　a　bountiful　hand；　for　the　town　is　many　furlongs　in　circuit；　and　the　wall　is　built　entirely　of　great　blocks　of　stone　skilfully　fitted　together。　The　wall；　then；　was　built　by　his　aid。　　　　　Harpagus；　having　advanced　against　the　Phocaeans　with　his　army；　laid　siege　to　their　city；　first；　however；　offering　them　terms。　〃It　would　content　him；〃　he　said；　〃if　the　Phocaeans　would　agree　to　throw　down　one　of　their　battlements；　and　dedicate　one　dwelling…house　to　the　king。〃　The　Phocaeans；　sorely　vexed　at　the　thought　of　becoming　slaves；　asked　a　single　day　to　deliberate　on　the　answer　they　should　return；　and　besought　Harpagus　during　that　day　to　draw　off　his　forces　from　the　walls。　Harpagus　replied；　〃that　he　understood　well　enough　what　they　were　about　to　do；　but　nevertheless　he　would　grant　their　request。〃　Accordingly　the　troops　were　withdrawn；　and　the　Phocaeans　forthwith　took　advantage　of　their　absence　to　launch　their　penteconters；　and　put　on　board　their　wives　and　children；　their　household　goods；　and　even　the　images　of　their　gods；　with　all　the　votive　offerings　from　the　fanes　except　the　paintings　and　the　works　in　stone　or　brass；　which　were　left　behind。　With　the　rest　they　embarked；　and　putting　to　sea；　set　sail　for　Chios。　The　Persians；　on　their　return；　took　possession　of　an　empty　town。　　　　　Arrived　at　Chios；　the　Phocaeans　made　offers　for　the　purchase　of　the　islands　called　the　Oenussae；　but　the　Chians　refused　to　part　with　them；　fearing　lest　the　Phocaeans　should　establish　a　factory　there；　and　exclude　their　merchants　from　the　commerce　of　those　seas。　On　their　refusal；　the　Phocaeans；　as　Arganthonius　was　now　dead；　made　up　their　minds　to　sail　to　Cyrnus　（Corsica）；　where；　twenty　years　before；　following　the　direction　of　an　oracle；　they　had　founded　a　city；　which　was　called　Alalia。　Before　they　set　out；　however；　on　this　voyage；　they　sailed　once　more　to　Phocaea；　and　surprising　the　Persian　troops　appointed　by　Harpagus　to　garrison　town；　put　them　all　to　the　sword。　After　this　laid　the　heaviest　curses　on　the　man　who　should　draw　back　and　forsake　the　armament；　and　having　dropped　a　heavy　mass　of　iron　into　the　sea；　swore　never　to　return　to　Phocaea　till　that　mass　reappeared　upon　the　surface。　Nevertheless；　as　they　were　preparing　to　depart　for　Cyrnus；　more　than　half　of　their　number　were　seized　with　such　sadness　and　so　great　a　longing　to　see　once　more　their　city　and　their　ancient　homes；　that　they　broke　the　oath　by　which　they　had　bound　themselves　and　sailed　back　to　Phocaea。　　　　　The　rest　of　the　Phocaeans　who　kept　their　oath；　proceeded　without　stopping　upon　their　voyage；　and　when　they　came　to　Cyrnus　established　themselves　along　with　the　earlier　settlers　at　Alalia　and　built　temples　in　the　place。　For　five　years　they　annoyed　their　neighbours　by　plundering　and　pillaging　on　all　sides；　until　at　length　the　Carthaginians　and　Tyrrhenians　leagued　against　them；　and　sent　each　a　fleet　of　sixty　ships　to　attack　the　town。　The　Phocaeans；　on　their　part；　manned　all　their　vessels；　sixty　in　number；　and　met　their　enemy　on　the　Sardinian　sea。　In　the　engagement　which　followed　the　Phocaeans　were　victorious；　but　their　success　was　only　a　sort　of　Cadmeian　victory。'　They　lost　forty　ships　in　the　battle；　and　the　twenty　which　remained　came　out　of　the　engagement　with　beaks　so　bent　and　blunted　as　to　be　no　longer　serviceable。　The　Phocaeans　therefore　sailed　back　again　to　Alalia；　and　taking　their　wives　and　children　on　board；　with　such　portion　of　their　goods　and　chattels　as　the　vessels　could　bear；　bade　adieu　to　Cyrnus　and　sailed　to　Rhegium。　　　　　The　Carthaginians　and　Tyrrhenians；　who　had　got　into　their　hands　many　more　than　the　Phocaeans　from　among　the　crews　of　the　forty　vessels　that　were　destroyed；　landed　their　captives　upon　the　coast　after　the　fight；　and　stoned　them　all　to　death。　Afterwards；　when　sheep；　or　oxen；　or　even　men　of　the　district　of　Agylla　passed　by　the　spot　where　the　murdered　Phocaeans　lay；　their　bodies　became　distorted；　or　they　were　seized　with　palsy；　or　they　lost　the　use　of　some　of　their　limbs。　On　this　the　people　of　Agylla　sent　to　Delphi　to　ask　the　oracle　how　they　might　expiate　their　sin。　The　answer　of　the　Pythoness　required　them　to　institute　the　custom；　which　they　still　observe；　of　honouring　the　dead　Phocaeans　with　magnificent　funeral　rites；　and　solemn　games；　both　gymnic　and　equestrian。　Such；　then；　was　the　fate　that　befell　the　Phocaean　prisoners。　The　other　Phocaeans；　who　had　fled　to　Rhegium；　became　after　a　while　the　founders　of　the　city　called　Vela；　in　the　distri