°®°®Ð¡ËµÍø > ÎäÏÀµç×ÓÊé > ÏÉ¿ñÉññ² >

µÚ1096ÕÂ

ÏÉ¿ñÉññ²-µÚ1096ÕÂ

С˵£º ÏÉ¿ñÉññ² ×ÖÊý£º ÿҳ3500×Ö

°´¼üÅÌÉÏ·½Ïò¼ü ¡û »ò ¡ú ¿É¿ìËÙÉÏÏ·­Ò³£¬°´¼üÅÌÉ쵀 Enter ¼ü¿É»Øµ½±¾ÊéĿ¼ҳ£¬°´¼üÅÌÉÏ·½Ïò¼ü ¡ü ¿É»Øµ½±¾Ò³¶¥²¿£¡
¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ªÎ´ÔĶÁÍꣿ¼ÓÈëÊéÇ©ÒѱãÏ´μÌÐøÔĶÁ£¡




¡°ÎÒÃÇÖ»ÐèÒªÓÃÒ»µãµã¾ÍÐÐÁË£¬Óò»Á˶àÉÙ£¬Äã´ÓÖÐÈ¡³öÒ»µã¡£¡±ÇåÁé¿´µ½ÉÏÉÆÈôË®ºó£¬Â¶³öÁËһ˿µÄÒâÍ⣬Ëƺõ¸ù±¾¾ÍûÓÐÏëµ½ÓîÎÄÖæÔªÄܹ»µÃµ½ÉÏÉÆÈôË®¡£

ÔÚÓîÎÄÖæÔªµÄ¿ØÖÆ֮ϣ¬È­Í·´óСµÄÔ²ÇòÒ»²à£¬ÄÇЩ·ûÎÄÒ»²ã²ã½Ò¿ª£¬µ±È»ÓîÎÄÖæÔªµÄ¶¯×÷¼«ÎªÐ¡ÐÄ£¬µ±ÔÙÊ£ÏÂ×îºóÒ»²ãʱ£¬ËûÊÖÖпÉŵĹââ±Å³ö£¬ÉÁµç°ã½â¿ª·ûÎÄ´ÓÖÐ×¥³öÁËÖ¸¼×¸Ç´óСµÄÉÏÉÆÈôË®¡£

ºä£¡Õâʱ£¬ÉÏÉÆÈôË®±¬·¢³öÁË¿ÉŵÄÁ¦Á¿£¬ËƺõÒªÕõÍÑÓîÎÄÖæÔªµÄÊø¸¿£¬¶øÄǸöÖ¸¼×¸Ç´óСµÄÉÏÉÆÈôˮҲ±¬·¢³öÁËÇ¿´óµÄÁ¦Á¿£¬Á½ÖÖÁ¦Á¿ÀïÓ¦ÍâºÏ£¬ËƺõÒª³¹µ×µÄ½«ÄÇЩ·ûÎÄÄ¥Ãð¡£

¿´µ½ÕâһĻ£¬ÇåÁéºÍÐÇÔÂÏÉ×ÓͬʱÁ³É«Ò»±ä£¬ÇåÁéÊÖÖпÉŵĽðÉ«¹ââ±Å·¢ÐγÉһƬÍø×´£¬¶øÐÇÔÂÏÉ×ÓһƬºÆºÆÔ»ÔÈ÷³ö£¬Á½ÖÖÄÜÁ¿Í¬Ê±°ü¹üÏòÁËÄÇöָ¼×¸Ç´óСµÄÉÏÉÆÈôË®¡£

ÉÏÉÆÈôË®°üÈÝÒ»ÇУ¬ËƺõÁ¬ÁéÆø¶¼Äܹ»ÈÚ»¯£¬ÐÒ¿÷ÓîÎÄÖæÔªÕæÆøÌØÊ⣬Ҫ²»È»£¬ÓîÎÄÖæÔª¸ù±¾¾Í·âÓ¡²»×¡¡£

³Ã×ÅÁ½Å®Ñ¹ÖÆÖ¸¼×¸Ç´óСÉÏÉÆÈôË®µÄʱºò£¬ÓîÎÄÖæÔªÊÖÖÐÒ»µÀµÀ·ûÎÄð³ö£¬½«ÆäËûµÄÉÏÉÆÈôˮȫ²¿°ü¹ü£¬ÄÇÉÏÉÆÈôË®±¬·¢³öÀ´µÄÆøÏ¢Õâ²Å»º»ºÏûʧ¡£

¶øÄÇÃûÖ¸¼×¸Ç´óСµÄÉÏÉÆÈôË®ÒѾ­½«ÇåÁé´ò³öµÄ½ðÉ«Íø£¬»¹ÓÐÐÇÔÂÏÉ×ÓµÄÔ»ÔÈ«²¿ÈÚ»¯ÁË£¬±¬·¢³öÁË¿ÉŵÄÁ¦Á¿£¬ÎÞ¾¡ÁéÆø¹ö¹ö¶øÀ´£¬Ïò×ÅÉÏÉÆÈôË®³åÈ¥¡£

¡°¸Ï½ôÓñäÒì»ìãçÌì»ð½ûïÀËü¡£¡±ÐÇÔÂÏÉ×ÓÁ³É«Ò»±ä£¬½¹¼±µÄ˵µÀ¡£

ÐÇÔÂÏÉ×ÓÕ⻹ÊÇÊ״γöÏÖÕâÖÖÉñÇé¡£

Ìýºó£¬ÓîÎÄÖæÔª¸Ï½ô¹µÍ¨±äÒì»ìãçÌì»ð£¬±äÒì»ìãçÌì»ðµÃµ½ÓîÎÄÖæÔªµÄָʾ£¬Ò»ÏÂ×Ó³öÏÖÔÚÁËÄÇÖ¸¼×¸Ç´óСµÄ±äÒì»ìãçÌì»ðÏ·½¡£

¿Ö²ÀµÄ¸ßÎÂÉ¢·¢£¬Ò»ÖÖ×ÆÉÕÌìµØ¹æÔòµÄ»ðÑæȼÉÕ£¬½«ÉÏÉÆÈôË®°ü¹üÁËÆðÀ´£¬ÈÎƾÄÇÉÏÉÆÈôË®Ôõô±¬·¢£¬¶¼±»ËÀËÀµÄ½ûïÀÔÚ»ðÑæÖУ¬¸ù±¾¾ÍÌÓÍѲ»ÁË¡£

¿´µ½ÕâһĻÐÇÔÂÏÉ×ÓºÍÇåÁéͬʱËÉÁËÒ»¿ÚÆø£¬Èý´óÆæÎïÍþÄܲ»¿ÉСêÓÈÆäÊÇÉÏÉÆÈôË®£¬ÓÐ×ÅÌØÊâµÄÁ¦Á¿£¬Ò»±¬·¢³öÀ´£¬¿ÖÅÂÖÜΧµÄËùÓÐÒ»Çж¼»á±»ÈÚ»¯Ïûʧ¡£

ÓîÎÄÖæÔªÒѾ­½«Ê£ÓàµÄÉÏÉÆÈôË®·âÁËÆðÀ´£¬È»ºó·ÅÈëµ½ÁË´¢Îï´üÖ¸ÖС£

¡°ÏÖÔÚ½«ÐÒÔËÖ®»¨·Å½øÈ¥Â𣿡±ÓîÎÄÖæÔªÎʵÀ¡£

¡°àÅ£¬Á½Æ¬»¨°ê¾Í¹»ÁË¡£¡±ÇåÁéµãÁ˵ãÍ·¡£

ÐÒÔËÖ®»¨ÔçÒѾ­Ïûʧ£¬Ö»ÓÐÄÇ×î´¿Õý£¬×î±¾Ô´¶î²¿·Ö½øÈëÁËÓîÎÄÖæÔªµÄµ¤ÌÉñÄî¿ØÖÆ£¬´ÓÄÇ»¨Ö®±¾Ô´ÉÏÕªÏÂÁËÁ½Æ¬£¬È»ºóÒƶ¯¶ø³ö¡£

ÓîÎÄÖæÔªÒ»ÕÅ¿Ú£¬Á½Æ¬¾§Ó¨²ÓÀá¢ÍêÈ«ÊÇÓÉ×îΪ´¿ÕýÄÜÁ¿Äý¾Û¶ø³ÉµÄ»¨°ê£¬ÕÀ·Å³öÁËÊ¥½àµÄ¹â»Ô£¬ËƺõÄܹ»¾»»¯Ò»ÇС£

ÔÚÓîÎÄÖæÔªµÄ¿ØÖÆÏ£¬ÄÇÁ½Æ¬»¨°êͶÈëµ½Á˱äÒì»ìãçÌì»ðÖС£

ºä£¡Èý´óÆæÎï¸Õ¸ÕÏàÓö£¬Ò»µÀ¿ÉŵĹâÖù±¬·¢£¬³åÌì¶øÆð£¬ËƺõÒѾ­´Ì͸Á˿ռ䡣

ÒÔ±äÒì»ìãçÌì»ðΪÖÐÐÄ£¬³ãÈȵĸßΣ¬»¹ÓÐÆäËûÄÜÁ¿ÐγÉÁËÒ»¸ö·½Ô²ÕÉÓàµÄÔ²Çò£¬Ëƺõ¸ô¾øÁËÒ»ÇС£

¡°Ê²Ã´Ê±ºò£¬Ò©Ë®²ÅÄܹ»Á¶ÖƳɣ¿¡±Íê³ÉÕâÒ»Çкó£¬ÓîÎÄÖæÔª³öÁËÒ»¿Ú³¤Æø£¬È»ºó½«Ä¿¹âͶÏòÁËÁ½Å®¡£

¡°ÆßÆßËÄÊ®¾ÅÌì¡£¡±ÐÇÔÂÏÉ×ÓºÍÍù³£Ò»Ñù£¬¿´ÆðÀ´·Ç³£Àäµ­µÄ˵µÀ¡£

¡°ËÄÊ®¾ÅÌ죿ÄǾ͵ȴýËÄÊ®¾ÅÌì°É£¡¡±ÓîÎÄÖæԪЦÁËЦ¡£

ÓîÎÄÖæÔªÖ»ÔÚÕâÀï¿´ÊØÁËÒ»Ì죬Ȼºó±ã½«Õâ¸öÈÎÎñ¹âÈٵĽ»µ½ÁËÐÇÔÂÏÉ×ÓÊÖÖУ¬ÖÁÓÚÇåÁ飬ËýÒѾ­»Øµ½ÁËÖÐÑëÊ¥Óò£¬ÕòÊØ×ÅÄDZߡ£

ÓîÎÄÖæÔª»Øµ½ÁË·öÉ£»¨µºÓò£¬°Ë¹íÌÃËùÔÚµºÓì¡£

Õâ×ùµºÓìÉÏ£¬°Ë¹íÌñÈÒ»¿ªÊ¼µÄʱºò´óºÜ¶à±¶£¬¶«Ä¾ÕæÕýÔÚæµ×Å¡£

ºÜ¶àÄ궼δ¼û¹ýÁË£¬Ëû»¹ÊÇÄǸöÑù×Ó¡£

¡°Ö÷ÈË£¬Ê²Ã´·ç°ÑÄã´µÀ´ÁË£¬ºÃ¾Ã¶¼Ã»Óмûµ½ÄãÁË¡£¡±Ñо¿ÊÒÄÚ£¬¶«Ä¾Õæ¿´µ½ÓîÎÄÖæԪʱ£¬Ä¿¹âÒ»ÁÁЦ×ÅÎʵÀ¡£

¡°³¤Ê±¼äûÓмû£¬¹ýÀ´¿´¿´£¬Í¬Ê±ËÍÄãÒ»ÅúºÃ¶«Î÷¡£¡±ÓîÎÄÖæԪЦ×Å˵µÀ¡£

¡°Ê²Ã´ºÃ¶«Î÷£¿¡±¶«Ä¾ÕæË«ÑÛð¹âµÄÎʵÀ¡£

¡°Ïɺ¸ßÊÖµÄʬÌ壬Ҫ²»Òª£¿¡±ÓîÎÄÖæÔªÉÏǧһ²½£¬ÔÚËû¶ú±ßµÍÉùµÀ¡£

¡°Òª£¬Ôõô²»Òª£¿ÓÐÁËÏɺ¸ßÊÖµÄʬÌ壬ÎÒÃDZãÄܹ»Ñо¿³ö¸üºÃµØÒ©ÒºÀ´£¬È«²¿ÄóöÀ´°É£¡¡±¶«Ä¾ÕæË¿ºÁûÓпÍÆøµÄ˵µÀ¡£

¡°È«²¿£¿ÄãµÄθ¿Ú»¹Õæ´ó°¡£¡¶¼²»Å³ÅËÀ£¬ÎÒ¸øÄãÒ»°ë£¬Ê£ÓàµÄÒ»°ã£¬»¹Òª·Ö¸øÖÐÑëÊ¥ÓòÄDZߣ¬»¹ÓÐÆäËûÊ¥ÓòµÄÈË¡£¡±ÓîÎÄÖæԪЦÂîµÀ¡£

¡°Ò»°ë¾ÍÒ»°ë£¬Ïë±ØÒ»°ãÒ²Ó¦¸Ã¹»ÓÃÁË¡£¡±¶«Ä¾ÕæµãµãÍ·¡£

¡°ºÃ£¬ÄãµÃÕÒÒ»¸öµØ·½£¬ÕâÀï¿ÖŲ»Ðаɣ¡¡±ÓîÎÄÖæԪ˵µÀ¡£

¡°ºÃ£¬ÎÒ´øÄãÈ¥´¢´æÔ­ÁϵÄÀä¿â£¬ÄǸöÀä¿â¸ÕºÃºÜ¿Õ¡£¡±¶«Ä¾Õæ˵µÀ£¬È»ºó±ã´ø×ÅÓîÎÄÖæÔª×ßÏòÁ˵çÌÝ¡£

ͨ¹ýµçÌÝÓîÎÄÖæÔªËûÃÇÒѾ­µ½Á˵ºÓìÄÚ²¿Éî´¦£¬ÕâÀィÔìÁËÒ»ÅÅÅŲֿ⣬²Ö¿âÖÐÓи÷ÖÖ¸÷ÑùµÄ²ÝÒ©¡¢Ïɹû¡¢»¹Óи÷ÖÖ¸÷ÑùÐ×ÊÞµÄʬÌå¡£

ËûÃÇ×ßµ½ÁËÒ»¸ö²Ö¿âÇ°£¬¶«Ä¾ÕæË¢ÁËÒ»ÏÂÉí·Ý¿¨£¬²Ö¿âÃÅ´ò¿ª£¬¶«Ä¾Õæ˵µÀ£º¡°¾Í·ÅÔÚÕâÀï°É£¡¡±

ÓîÎÄÖæÔª¿´ÁË¿´£¬Õâ¸ö²Ö¿â£¬»¹Í¦´óµÄ£¬ÉñÄîÒ»¶¯£¬´¢Îï´üÖ¸ÖУ¬ÉÏ°Ù¾ßÏɺ¸ßÊÖµÄʬÌå³öÏÖ¡£

¾¡¹ÜÕâЩÈËÒѾ­ËÀÍö£¬µ«ÊÇÄÇÇûÌåÉÏÒÀȻɢ·¢³öÇ¿´óÎޱȵÄÍþÊÆ£¬¶«Ä¾ÕæÒ»¸ö²»²é£¬ÄÇ¿ÉŵÄÆøÊÆÐÚÓ¿¶øÀ´£¬Èö«Ä¾ÕæÉíÌåÒ»Èí£¬Ò»Æ¨¹É×øÔÚÁ˵ØÉÏ¡£

ÓîÎÄÖæÔªÊÖÖйââð³ö£¬½«¶«Ä¾Õæ°ü¹ü£¬×èÖ¹ÁËÄÇÖÖ¿ÉŵÄÆøÏ¢µÄѹÖÆ¡£

¡°³ý·ÇÄãÍ»ÆƵ½ÔªÏɾ³£¬Òª²»È»£¬¿ÖÅÂÄ㶼µ¥¶ÀÃæ¶Ô²»ÁËÕâô¶àÏɺ¸ßÊÖµÄʬÌå¡£¡±ÓîÎÄÖæԪЦ×Å˵µÀ¡£

1876¡£µÚ1874Õ¡¡ÉËÓú½ú¼¶

¡°¿´À´»¹ÊÇҪŬÁ¦ÌáÉýÐÞΪÁË£¬Òª²»È»ÒÔºóÓÐÁ˺õĶ«Î÷È´²»Äܹ»Åö£¬ÄǾÍÌ«Í´¿àÁË¡£¡¡¡±¶«Ä¾Õæ·Ç³£ÓôÃƵÄ˵µÀ£¬ËûËƺõÒѾ­ÏÂÁ˾öÐÄ£¬Õâ´Î¶ÔËûµÄ´ò»÷Ì«´óÁË¡£

ÕâЩÏɺ¸ßÊÖµÄʬÌåÔÚËûÑÛÖÐÈ«²¿¶¼ÊDZ¦±´£¬¿ÉϧËûÈ´²»ÄܹýÈ¥×Ðϸ²é¿´Ò»·¬£¬ÊµÔÚÊÇÌ«±¯¾çÁË¡£

Õâ¾ÍÏñÊÇÒ»¸öÇîÈË¿´µ½ÁËÒ»´ó°ÑÒ»´ó°ÑµÄ³®Æ±£¬µ«ÊÇÖмäÈ´¸ôÁËÒ»Ìõºá¹µ£¬ÈÃËûÖ»ÄÜ¿´£¬²»ÄÜ´¥Ãþ¡£

¡°ºÃºÃÐÞÁ¶°É£¡ºÇºÇ¡£¡±ÓîÎÄÖæԪЦÁËЦ£¬¹Ø±Õ²Ö¿â£¬´ø×Ŷ«Ä¾Õæ±ãÀ뿪ÁË¡£

À뿪·öÉ£»¨µºÓò£¬ÓîÎÄÖæԪǰÍùÁËÖÐÑëÊ¥Óò£¬¸øÖÐÑëÊ¥ÓòÁôÁËһЩÏɺ¸ßÊÖµÄʬÌ壬µ±È»ËûҲǰÍùÁËÆäËûµØ·½£¬½«ÄÇЩÏɺµÄʬÌåÈ«²¿·Ö·¢Íê±Ï¡£

±Ï¾¹Õâ¸öÊÀ½çµÄÐÞÁ¶ÕßÏëÒª²ÎÓëµ½¶Ô¿¹ÏɽçÄÇЩ¸ßÊÖÖУ¬½ö½öÒÀ¿¿·öÉ£»¨µºÓòµÄÁ¦Á¿ÊDz»¹»µÄ£¬Òª¼¯ºÏÕû¸öÊÀ½çµÄÁ¦Á¿¡£

ÄÇЩ¸÷¸ö¹ú¼Ò£¬¸÷¸öÖÖ×åµÄÈË¿´µ½ÓîÎÄÖæÔª½«ÄÇЩÏɺǿÕßµÄʬÌåË͸øËûÃǺó£¬Ò»¸ö¸öÐÄÖж¼ÔÚÔÞ̾ÓîÎÄÖæÔªÐÄÐØ¿ªÀ«£¬µ±È»Ò²Åå·þ²»ÒÑ¡£

½«ÕâЩÊÂÇé°ìºÃÖ®ºó£¬Ëû²Å»Øµ½ÁË·öÉ£»¨µºÓò£¬ÑîÁøÇà¡¢³þÏæµÈµÈרßãÐû´«¹¤×÷µÄÅ®×Ó£¬½«ÓîÎÄÖæÔªÔÚÏɽçµÄËù¼ûËùÎÅÈ«²¿ÕûÀíÁ˳öÀ´£¬È»ºó·¢²¼Á˳öÈ¥£¬ÈÃÿ¸öÈ˶¼ÖªµÀÏɽçµÄÇé¿ö¡£

³Ã×Å»¹ÓÐʱ¼ä£¬ÓîÎÄÖæÔª½«ËùÓеŤ×÷¼¸ºõ¶¼°²ÅźÃÁË£¬ÖÁÓÚ¹ÅÀöË¿£¬ÓÐËûÁ½¸ö±¦±´Å®¶ùÅãͬ×Å£¬²¢²»»á³öʲôÊ£¬¸üºÎ¿ö¹ÅÀöË¿»¹ÊÇÒ»ÃûÏɺÖÐÆÚ¸ßÊÖ¡£

½«Ò»ÇÐÊÂÇé°²ÅÅÍêÖ®ºó£¬ÓîÎÄÖæÔª±ãµÈ´ý×ÅÒ©ÒºµÄÁ¶ÖƳɹ¦¡£

ÖÕÓÚ£¬µÚËÄÊ®¾ÅÌìµ½ÁË£¬ÕâÒ»Ì죬ÌìµØ¼«ÎªÒõ³Á£¬¾ÅÌìÖ®ÉÏÎÚÔƹö¹ö£¬ËƺõÉÏÌìÒª½µÏÂÀ´¾Þ´óµÄ½ÙÄÑÒ»°ã¡£

ÓîÎÄÖæÔªÃ÷°×£¬Ò»¶¨ÊÇÁ¶ÖƵÄҩҺ̫²»·²ÁË£¬Òý·¢ÁËÌìµØµÄ¶¯µ´¡£

ͻȻ¼ä£¬±äÒì»ìãçÌì»ðÑæÖйܹââÉÁ¶¯£¬·½Ô²Ç§ÀïÖ®ÄÚ£¬ÌìµØÁéÆøÓ¿À´£¬È«²¿½øÈëÁ˱äÒì»ìãçÌì»ðÖС£

ͬʱ£¬¾ÅÌìÖ®ÉÏ£¬ºÚÔÆÖÐÒ»µÀµÀµçÉßÔÚ»®¶¯£¬çÔÈÆÔÚÆáºÚµÄÔƲãÖУ¬Õâ¸öÊÀ½ç¼¸ºõËùÓеĸßÊÖ¶¼±»¾ª¶¯ÁË£¬²»¹ýËûÃÇ¿´µ½ÕâÖÖÒ춯À´×ÔÓÚ·öÉ£»¨µºÓòÄDZߵط½ºó£¬Ò»¸ö¸ö¶¼¹ÛÍûÁËÆðÀ´£¬Ã»ÓÐÈËÉÏǧȥ²é¿´¡£

ºä¡­Ëæ×űäÒì»ìãçÌì»ðÄÚ£¬Ò©ÒºÁ¦Á¿µÄ¼±¾çÅÊÉý£¬Ò»µÀ¿ÉŵÄÀ׵罵ÁÙ¶øÏ£¬ºäÔÚÁ˱äÒì»ìãçÌì»ðÑæÖУ¬¿Éϧ±äÒì»ìãçÌì»ð¸ù±¾¾ÍûÓÐһ˿ËðºÄ£¬·´¶øÄǹÉÀ×µçÖ®Á¦±»Á¶½øÁËÒ©ÒºÖС£

ºäºäºä¡­À×µçÖ®Á¦²»¶Ï½µÂ䣬һµÀ±ÈÒ»µÀ¿ÉÅ£¬ÕâÖÖʱºò£¬¾ÍÁ¬ÓîÎÄÖæÔªËûÃÇÒ²²»¸ÒËæÒâ³öÊÖ£¬Òª²»È»ÉÏÌì»á½µÂäϸü´óµÄ³Í·£¡£

תÑۼ䣬¾ÍÒѾ­Êǰ˵ÀÀ×µçÖ®Á¦½µÁÙÁË£¬µ±µÚ¾ÅµÀÀ׵罵ÁÙºó¡£±äÒì»ìãçÌì»ðËƺõÒ»ÏÂ×ÓÐéÈõÁ˺ܶ౶£¬»ðÑ涼ըÁÑÁË¿ªÀ´£¬²»¹ý»¹ºÃ£¬Ëðʧ²»ÊǺܴó¡£

À×µçÖ®Á¦¾ÅµÀÖ®ºó£¬¾ÅÌìÖ®ÉϵÄÎÚÔƾʹËɢȥ£¬·Â·ð´ÓÀ´Ã»ÓгöÏÖ¹ýÒ»°ã¡£

ÕâÒ»¿Ì¼ä£¬²»ÂÛÊÇÓîÎÄÖæÔª¡¢»¹ÊÇÒ»ÅÔµÄÐÇÔÂÏÉ×Ó£¬¶¼ÓÐЩ½ôÕÅÁËÆðÀ´£¬Ò©ÒºÄܲ»Äܹ»³É¹¦£¬¾Í¿´ÕâÒ»¿ÌÁË¡£

ÖÕÓÚÔÚÓîÎÄÖæÔªºÍÐÇÔÂÏÉ×ÓµÄÆÚ´ýÖУ¬±äÒì»ìãçÌì»ð»º»ºÉ¢¿ª£¬Â¶³öÁËÒ»¿Å¾§Ó¨²ÓÀõÄÒ©ÒºµÎ£¬ËƺõÈçË®¾§Ò»°ã£¬ÕÛÉä׏åÀöµÄÉ«²Ê£¬ÆäÖÐÒþÒþ¼ä£¬ÓÐ×ÏÉ«µçÉߺͻðºìÉ«»ð·ïÔÚ½»ÈÚ£¬¿´ÆðÀ´ºÜ¹îÒì¡£

¡°ÎҺķÑÁËÒ»°ëµÄÁ¦Á¿£¬ÐèÒª¾²ÐÞÒ»¶Îʱ¼ä¡£¡±Ò»µÀÒâÄ¶¯³öÏÖ£¬±äÒì»ìãçÌì»ð»¯×÷ÁËÒ»µÀÁ÷¹â£¬×êÈëÁ˺£µ×¡£

ÓîÎÄÖæÔªÒ²¿´³öÀ´ÁË£¬Á¶ÖÆÒ©ÒººÄ·ÑÁ˱äÒì»ìãçÌì»ðºÜ¶àµÄÄÜÁ¿£¬ËûÐèҪȥº£µ×ÕÒÒ»×ù»ðɽ£¬È»ºó»Ö¸´¡£

¡°ÕâÒ»µÎÒ©ÒºÖУ¬Ô̺¬×ÅÎÞ±ÈÅÓ´óµÄÄÜÁ¿£¬½Û¹£Ê¹Óúó£¬ËýµÄÐÞΪ¶¨È»»á¿ìËÙÉÏÕÇ£¬ÎÒÃÇ»¹Òª·À±¸Ò»Ï£¬ÌæËýѹÖÆÕâ¹ÉÁ¦Á¿£¬Òª²»È»£¬Ëý»á±¬ÌåµÄ¡£¡±Íû×ÅÐé¿ÕÖÐƯ¸¡µÄÄǵÎÒ©Òº£¬ÐÇÔÂÏÉ×ÓÈÏÕæµÄ˵µÀ¡£

¡°àÅ¡£¡±ÓîÎÄÖæÔªµãÁ˵ãÍ·£¬ÕÅÊÖÒ»É죬ÄǵÎÒ©Òº¾Í³öÏÖÔÚÁËÓîÎÄÖæÔªÊÖÖУ¬ËûûÓÐÀ뿪ÕâÀ¶øÊÇÔٴηµ»ØÁËÐÇÔ¹¬ÖС£

¡°ÓîÎĵÀÓÑ£¬Ò©ÒºÁ¶³öÀ´ÁË£¿¡±ÐÇÔÂÏÉ×ÓÐ˷ܵØÎÊÁËÒ»Éù£¬Á³ÉÏÓÐ×Å˵²»³öµÄ¿ªÐÄ¡£

¡°Ç°±²£¬ÐÒ²»ÈèʹÃü£¬Ò©ÒºÁ¶ÖƺÃÁË£¬Ö»ÒªÊ¹Óúó£¬Äã¾Í¿ÉÒÔ»Ö¸´¹âÃ÷£¬ÐÞΪҲ»á¸ü¿ìµÄÌáÉýÁË¡£¡±ÓîÎÄÖæÔª³è°®µÄ¿´×ÅÐÇÔÂÏÉ×Ó˵µÀ¡£

¡°ºÃ£¬ÓÐÀÍÓîÎĵÀÓÑÁË¡£¡±Ìýµ½Õâ»°ºó£¬ÐÇÔÂÏÉ×Ó¸ü¼Ó¸ßÐËÁË£¬Ëý¿ìËÙµÄÀ´µ½ÁËÓîÎÄÖæÔªÉí±ß¡£

ÓîÎÄÖæÔªÉîÎüÁËÒ»¿ÚÆø£¬¿´ÁË¿´ÐÇÔÂÏÉ×ÓÄÇ°×É«µÄË«Ä¿£¬È»ºóË«ÊÖ»Ó¶¯£¬ÄǵÎÒ©Òº¾Í±»ÓîÎÄÖæÔª·Ö³ÉÁËÁ½µÎ£¬·Ö±ðµÎÂäÔÚÁËÐÇÔÂÏÉ×ÓË«Ä¿ÖС£

µ±ÄÇÁ½µÎÒ©ÒºµÎÂäÔÚüľ½Û¹£Ë«Ä¿ÖÐʱ£¬ÐÇÔÂÏÉ×ÓÄÇË«íø×Ó±ä³ÉÁ˲ÊÉ«£¬ÑÛÖеĹæÔòËƺõ¸üΪ»ìÂÒÁË£¬µ±È»»ìÂÒµ½Á˼«Ö±ãÊÇÓÐÐò£¬ÕâÊÇÒ»¸ö±ØÈ»µÄ¹ý³Ì¡£

ºä£¡Í»È»¼ä£¬ÐÇÔÂÏÉ×ÓÉíÉϱ¬·¢³öÁËÎޱȿÉŵÄÆøÊÆ£¬ËýÖÜΧµÄ¿Õ¼ä¶¼ÔÚÎÞÐεÄÐýת£¬¿´ÆðÀ´¼«Îªº§ÈË¡£

ÐÇÔÂÏÉ×ӸϽôÔËתÌìÃüÉñ¾÷£¬ÄÇÅÓ´óµÄÁ¦Á¿±»ÂýÂýÁ¶»¯¡£

ÐÇÔÂÏÉ×ÓËýÉíÉϵÄÆøÏ¢Ô­À´Ô½ÅÓ´ó£¬ÏɺËÄÖØ¡¢ÏɺÎåÖØ¡­Ïɺ°ËÖØ¡¢Ïɺ¾ÅÖØá۷壬תÑۼ䣬ÐÇÔÂÏÉ×ÓµÄÐÞΪ¾ÍÍ»ÆƵ½ÁËÏɺºóÆÚáÛ·å¡£

Õâʱ£¬ÐÇÔÂÏÉ×ÓËýÉíÉϵÄÆøÏ¢ÒÀÈ»ÔÚÉÏÕÇ£¬ÉíÇû±»Ç¿´óµÄÄÜÁ¿²»Í£µÄ¸ÄÔ죬Èý´óÆæÎïÖÐÔ̺¬ÓÐÌìµØ×î¸ù±¾µÄ¹æÔò£¬ºÚľ½Û¹£Ò»±ßÁìÎò×Å¡£

Õâʱ£¬ÔÚËýÁìÎò£¬»¹Ã»ÓÐÍ»ÆƵ½Í¬Íõ¾³µÄʱºò£¬Õû¸öÉíÇûÅòÕÍÁËÆðÀ´£¬¿´ÆðÀ´¾ÍÏñÊǸöƤÇò£¬ËƺõÒª±¬Õ¨ÁËÒ»°ã¡£

¿´µ½ÐÇÔÂÏÉ×ÓÒѾ­¿ØÖƲ»×¡ÌåÄÚµÄÅÓ´óµÄÄÜÁ¿ÁË£¬ÓîÎÄÖæÔªºÍÇáÁéÁ½ÈËÏ໥¶ÔÊÓÒ»ÑÛ£¬È»ºó¹û¶Ï³öÊÖ£¬Á½µÀ¿ÉŵĹââӿ³ö£¬È«²¿´ò½øÁËÐÇÔÂÏÉ×ÓÌåÄÚ¡£

ÔÚÓîÎÄÖæÔªºÍÇáÁéÁ½ÈË´ò³ö¿ÉŹââµÄÕòѹÏ£¬ÐÇÔÂÏÉ×ÓµÄÉíÌ建»º»Ö¸´ÁËÕý³££¬ËýÉíÇû¾§Ó¨ÈçÓñ£¬¹ââÁ÷ת£¬Ëƺõÿһ¸öϸ°ûÖж¼Ô̺¬×Å¿ÉŵÄÁ¦Á¿¡£

ÖÕÓÚËýÒѾ­ÁìÎòÁËһЩÌìµØ¹æÔò£¬ÐÞΪһÏÂ×ÓÍ»ÆƵ½ÁËαÕæÏɾ³£¬ÄÇÊÆÍ·»¹Ã»ÓÐÍ£Ö¹£¬ÂýÂý¼ä¾¹È»Í»ÆƵ½ÁËÕæÍõ¾³³õÆÚá۷壬¿´ÄÇÕóÊÆ£¬»¹ÓÐÏò×ÅÕæÍõ¾³ÖÐÆÚÍ»ÆƵÄÇ÷ÊÆ¡£

¿´µ½×ÅһĻ£¬ÓîÎÄÖæÔª¶¼ÏÂÁËÒ»Ìõ£¬Í»ÆƵÄÕâËٶȣ¬Ì«¿ìÁË°É£¡¾ÍÁ¬Ëû¶¼ÓÐЩÏÛĽ¡£

¡°²»ÄÜÈÃËûÍ»ÆÆ£¬»ù´¡£¬±ØÐë´òÀÎʵ¡£¡±ÓîÎÄÖæÔª½«Ä¿¹âͶÏòÁËÇáÁ飬ÇáÁéµãÁ˵ãÍ·£¬Ëý¿ÉÊÇ´ÓÏÉħ´óսʱ´ú½ö´æµÄ¼ûÖ¤Õß¡£

ËûÃǾõµÃÐÇÔÂÏÉ×ÓÍ»ÆƵÄÌ«¿ìÁË£¬ÕâÑù¶ÔÒÔºóµÄ·¢Õ¹ºÜ²»¸ß£¬Ëµ²»¶¨ÒòΪͻÆÆÌ«¿ì£¬¸ù»ùÐ鸡£¬µÈµ½½øÈëÁËÏÉÍõ¾³ºó£¬½ø¾³»ºÂýÎޱȡ£

ÕâÖÖÊÂÇéºÜ³£¼û£¬ºÜ¶àÌì×ʲ»·²µÄÐÞÁ¶Õß±¾À´ÊÇÓлú»á³ÉΪÏɵ۸ßÊֵģ¬¿ÉϧÒòΪ»ù´¡²»Àι̵ÄÔ­Òò£¬ÖÕÉúÀ§ÔÚÁËÏÉÍõ¾³ºóÆÚ£¬»òÕßÊÇÓеÄÀ§ÔÚÁËÏÉÍõ¾³ÖÐÆÚ¡£

ÓîÎÄÖæÔªºÍÐÇÔÂÏÉ×ÓÁ½ÈËÔÙ´Îͬʱ³öÊÖ£¬½«ÐÇÔÂÏÉ×ÓÌåÄÚ£¬ÄÇÅÓ´óµÄÄÜÁ¿£¬»¹ÓÐÎÞÊýµÄÌìµØ¹æÔòÈ«²¿·âÓ¡£¬Õâʱ£¬ËýÉíÉÏÉÏÕǵÄÆøÏ¢²ÅÍ£Ö¹ÁËÏÂÀ´¡£

Ö»ÒªÐÇÔÂÏÉ×ÓÂýÂýµÄÌåÎòÄÇЩÌìµØ¹æÔò£¬×ÔȻҲ¾Í»áÂýÂýµÄÎüÊÕÄÇЩÄÜÁ¿£¬»ù´¡Ò²»á´òº»Êµ£¬Ëµ²»¶¨ÒÔºóÄܹ»³ÉΪÏɵÛÇ¿Õß¡£

´Ëʱ£¬¾ÅÌìÖ®ÉÏ£¬ÎÚÔÆÂúÌ죬À×öª¹ö¶¯£¬Ìì·£Òª½µÁÙÁË£¬Õâ´ÎºÚľ½Û¹£µÄÌì·£¿´ÆðÀ´·Ç³£¿Ö²À£¬ÄÇÄý¾ÛµÄºÚÔÆÖУ¬ÔÍÄð×ÅÅÓ´óµÄÁ¦Á¿¡£

µ±ÐÇÔÂÏÉ×ÓÉíÉϵÄÆøÏ¢³¹µ×ÎȹÌÏÂÀ´ºó£¬ËýÕö¿ªË«Ä¿£¬Á½µÀѤÀöµÄ¹ââ±Å³ö£¬ËýµÄÄ¿¹âËƺõÄܹ»´©Í¸Ê±¼äºÍ¿Õ¼ä£¬¿´µ½¹ýȥδÀ´µÄÊÂÇé¡£

ÄÇÄ¿¹âɨ¶¯¼ä£¬ÓîÎÄÖæÔª¸Ð¾õµ½×Ô¼º¶¼Ëƺõ±»¿´Í¸ÁË£¬ÐÒºÃÄÇÖÖÄ¿¹âÖ»ÊÇÒ»ÉÁ¶øÊÅ£¬²»¹ý¾ÍÄÇôһ˲¼ä£¬ÓîÎÄÖæÔª¸Ð¾õ×Ô¼º¶¼³öÁËÒ»ÉíÀ亹¡£

ÄÇÖÖÄ¿¹âÌ«¿ÉÅÂÁË¡£ËƺõËû¶¼¹âÁïÁïµÄ³ÊÏÖÈËÄÇÄ¿¹âÖУ¬ËûÄþÔ¸Ãæ¶ÔÒ»ÃûÏɵÛÇ¿Õߣ¬Ò²²»Ô¸ÒâÃæ¶ÔÄÇÖÖÄ¿¹â¡£

ºä£¡ºÁÎÞÕ÷Õ×£¬µÚÒ»µÀÀ×µç¾Í½µÁÙÁË£¬Ò»ÏÂ×ÓºäÔÚÁËÐÇÔÂÏÉ×ÓÉíÉÏ£¬ËýûÓÐË¿ºÁµÄ·´Ó¦£¬Ëƺõ»¹ÔÚ½èÖú×ÅÀ×µçµÄÁ¦Á¿½øÒ»²½´ãÁ¶ÉíÇû£¬½«ÉíÇûÄÚµÄÔÓÖÊÈ«²¿Åųö¸É¾»¡£

¡°¿´ÌìÉϺÚÔÆÄý¾ÛµÄÇé¿ö£¬¿ÖÅÂ×ÅÌ췣һʱ°ë»á¼ä¶¼½áÊø²»ÁË£¬Ò²²»ÖªµÀËýÄܲ»ÄܳÅÏÂÀ´¡£¡±ÓîÎÄÖæÔªÍû×ÅÐé¿Õ£¬¶ÔÇáÁé˵µÀ¡£

¡°ËýÒý·¢µÄÌì·££¬ºÜÓпÉÄܻήÁÙÏ°ËʮһµÀÀ׵硣¡±ÇáÁéµ­µ­µÄ¿ª¿Ú˵µÀ¡£

ÓîÎÄÖæÔªÖªµÀÁ¬ÐøµÄÍ»ÆÆ£¬¿Ï¶¨»áÒýÀ´ÉÏÌìµÄÌØÊâ¶Ô´ý£¬¹ûÈ»ÊÇÈç´Ë£¬Ìì·£µÄÊýÁ¿Ôö¼ÓÁ˺ܶ࣬¶øÇÒÍþÁ¦Ò²±È֮ǰǿ´óÁ˺ܶࡣ

¾ÅÌìÖ®ÉÏ£¬Ò»µÀµÀÀ×µçÖ®Á¦£¬Ã¿¸ôÒ»¶Îʱ¼ä£¬±ã»á½µÁÙ£¬ÓîÎÄÖæÔª¾²¾²µÄ¿´×ÅÕâһĻ£¬¶øºÚľ½Û¹£´ÓÈÝÓ¦¶Ô¡£

×ã×ã°ëÌìµÄʱ¼ä£¬°ËʮһµÀÀ×µçÈ«²¿½µÁÙ£¬ÐÇÔÂÏÉ×Ó¶¼¿ìÒªÐéÍÑÁË£¬ËýÈ«Éí½¹ºÚÎޱȣ¬Í··¢É¢ÂÒ£¬ÉíÇûËƺõ¶¼ÁѳöÁËÒ»ÌõÌõÁѷ죬¿´ÆðÀ´¼«ÎªÆà²Ò¡£

»©£¡Ëæ×Å×îºóÒ»µÀÀ׵罵ÁÙºó£¬ÐÇÔÂÏÉ×ÓÖ±½Ó½øÈëÁË´óº£Éî´¦£¬¿ÉÄÜÊÇÒòΪÉíÉÏûÓÐÒ»¼þÒ·þ£¬Òª¶ã±ÜµÄÔµ¹Ê£¬ÓÖ»òÐíÊÇÏëÏÈÑøºÃÉËÊÆ¡£

ÓîÎÄÖæÔªºÍÇáÁéûÓÐË¿ºÁµÄ½¹¼±£¬ËûÃÇÒѾ­¸ÐÊܵ½ÐÇÔÂÏÉ×ÓÉíÉÏÉúÃüÆøÏ¢Õý³££¬²»»áÓÐÉúÃü°²È«µÄ¡£

´óÔ¼¹ýÁË°ëÖùÏãµÄʱ¼ä£¬»©À²Ò»ÉùÏìÆð£¬Ò»ÃûÅ®×ÓÆÆË®¶ø³ö£¬ÕâÃûÅ®×Ó±ãÊÇÐÇÔÂÏÉ×Ó¡£

Ëý½¿ÇûÇáÇáÒ»¶¶£¬ÉíÉÏËùÓеÄСˮÖé¾ÍÏûʧÁË£¬Ò»Éí°×ÒÂ×Ô¶¯ÐγÉÅûÔÚÁËÉíÉÏ¡£

1877¡£µÚ1875Õ¡¡»ØÏɽç

¡°ÓîÎĵÀÓÑ£¬ÎÒÖÕÓÚÓÖÄÜ¿´µ½ÁË¡£¡±ÐÇÔÂÏÉ×ÓÒ»Á³¾ªÏ²µØµÀ¡£

ºÍÐÇÔÂÏÉ×ӺúÃÁÄÁËÒ»»á¶ùºó£¬ÓîÎÄÖæÔª±ã´ø×ÅËý»Øµ½ÁË·öÉ£»¨µº¡£

Ò¹Óĺ®ÔÚ·öÉ£»¨µºÉÏ£¬ËƺõרÃŵȴýÐÇÔÂÏÉ×ÓÒ»°ã£¬¿´µ½ÐÇÔÂÏÉ×ÓË«Ä¿ÒѾ­»Ö¸´ÁË£¬Ê¦Í½Á½ÈËÓµ±§ÔÚÁËÒ»Æð£¬È»ºó˵×ÅÇÄÇÄ»°¡£

ÓîÎÄÖæԪûÓдòÈÅʦͽÁ½ÈË£¬ËûÀ뿪ÁË·öÉ£»¨µº¡£

Èç½ñÕâ¸öÊÀ½çµÄÊÂÇéÒѾ­²î²»¹ý×öÍêÁË£¬Ê£ÏµľÍÊÇ·¢Õ¹ÁË£¬ÓÐËûÔÚûËûÔÚ¶¼²î²»¶àÁË£¬Ò²¸ÃÊÇ·µ»ØÄǸöÊÀ½çµÄʱºòÁË¡£

±Ï¾¹ÄǸöÊÀ½çÖл¹ÓкܶàÊÂÇéµÈ×ÅËûÈ¥×ö£¬ËäȻѪɱÂÒÓòÄDZߣ¬ËûÒѾ­·ÅÁËÊÖÖеÄȨÀû£¬²¢ÇÒ½«ËûÃÇÐèÒª×öµÄÊÂÇ鶼°²ÅźÃÁË£¬µ«ÊÇÓîÎÄÖæÔª»¹ÊÇÓÐЩ²»·ÅÐÄ¡£

±Ï¾¹ËûÄDZßûÓÐÏɺºóÆÚ¸ßÊÖ×øÕò¡£

ÓîÎÄÖæÔª³éʱ¼ä£¬Åã°é×ÅÖÚÅ®£¬Ëû×¼±¸Åã°éÖÚŮһ¶Îʱ¼äºó£¬±ãÀ뿪¡£

Õâ´ÎµÄÀ뿪£¬Ò²²»ÖªµÀʲôʱºò²ÅÄܹ»ÔٴλØÀ´£¬Òò´ËËû¸ñÍâµÄÕäϧÿһÌì¡£

ʱ¼ä´Ò´Ò£¬Èý¸öÔµÄʱ¼äºó£¬ÓîÎÄÖæÔª¸Ð¾õµ½ÒѾ­²î²»¶àÁË£¬ËûÉíÐÎͻأ¼äÏûʧ£¬µÈµ

·µ»ØĿ¼ ÉÏÒ»Ò³ ÏÂÒ»Ò³ »Øµ½¶¥²¿ ÔÞ£¨3£© ²È£¨4£©

Äã¿ÉÄÜϲ»¶µÄ