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concerning christian liberty-及3嫗

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easier way for the ignorantfor these alone I am trying to 
serveI first lay down these two propositions�察�concerning 
spiritual liberty and servitude��

A Christian man is the most free lord of all�察�and subject to 
none�察�a Christian man is the most dutiful servant of all�察�and 
subject to every one。

Although these statements appear contradictory�察�yet�察�when they 
are found to agree together�察�they will make excellently for my 
purpose。 They are both the statements of Paul himself�察�who says�察�
;Though I be free from all men�察�yet have I made myself servant 
unto all; ��1 Cor。 ix。 19���察�and ;Owe no man anything�察�but to love 
one another; ��Rom。 xiii。 8��。 Now love is by its own nature 
dutiful and obedient to the beloved object。 Thus even Christ�察�
though Lord of all things�察�was yet made of a woman�察�made under 
the law�察�at once free and a servant�察�at once in the form of God 
and in the form of a servant。

Let us examine the subject on a deeper and less simple principle。 
Man is composed of a twofold nature�察�a spiritual and a bodily。 As 
regards the spiritual nature�察�which they name the soul�察�he is 
called the spiritual�察�inward�察�new man�察�as regards the bodily 
nature�察�which they name the flesh�察�he is called the fleshly�察�
outward�察�old man。 The Apostle speaks of this�此 �Though our outward 
man perish�察�yet the inward man is renewed day by day; ��2 Cor。 iv。 
16��。 The result of this diversity is that in the Scriptures 
opposing statements are made concerning the same man�察�the fact 
being that in the same man these two men are opposed to one 
another�察�the flesh lusting against the spirit�察�and the spirit 
against the flesh ��Gal。 v。 17��。

We first approach the subject of the inward man�察�that we may see 
by what means a man becomes justified�察�free�察�and a true 
Christian�察�that is�察�a spiritual�察�new�察�and inward man。 It is 
certain that absolutely none among outward things�察�under whatever 
name they may be reckoned�察�has any influence in producing 
Christian righteousness or liberty�察�nor�察�on the other hand�察�
unrighteousness or slavery。 This can be shown by an easy 
argument。

What can it profit the soul that the body should be in good 
condition�察�free�察�and full of life�察�that it should eat�察�drink�察�and 
act according to its pleasure�察�when even the most impious slaves 
of every kind of vice are prosperous in these matters�拭�Again�察�
what harm can ill´health�察�bondage�察�hunger�察�thirst�察�or any other 
outward evil�察�do to the soul�察�when even the most pious of men and 
the freest in the purity of their conscience�察�are harassed by 
these things�拭�Neither of these states of things has to do with 
the liberty or the slavery of the soul。

And so it will profit nothing that the body should be adorned 
with sacred vestments�察�or dwell in holy places�察�or be occupied in 
sacred offices�察�or pray�察�fast�察�and abstain from certain meats�察�or 
do whatever works can be done through the body and in the body。 
Something widely different will be necessary for the 
justification and liberty of the soul�察�since the things I have 
spoken of can be done by any impious person�察�and only hypocrites 
are produced by devotion to these things。 On the other hand�察�it 
will not at all injure the soul that the body should be clothed 
in profane raiment�察�should dwell in profane places�察�should eat 
and drink in the ordinary fashion�察�should not pray aloud�察�and 
should leave undone all the things above mentioned�察�which may be 
done by hypocrites。

And�察�to cast everything aside�察�even speculation�察�meditations�察�and 
whatever things can be performed by the exertions of the soul 
itself�察�are of no profit。 One thing�察�and one alone�察�is necessary 
for life�察�justification�察�and Christian liberty�察�and that is the 
most holy word of God�察�the Gospel of Christ�察�as He says�察 �I am 
the resurrection and the life�察�he that believeth in Me shall not 
die eternally; ��John xi。 25���察�and also�察 �If the Son shall make 
you free�察�ye shall be free indeed; ��John viii。 36���察�and�察 �Man 
shall not live by bread alone�察�but by every word that proceedeth 
out of the mouth of God; ��Matt。 iv。 4��。

Let us therefore hold it for certain and firmly established that 
the soul can do without everything except the word of God�察�
without which none at all of its wants are provided for。 But�察�
having the word�察�it is rich and wants for nothing�察�since that is 
the word of life�察�of truth�察�of light�察�of peace�察�of justification�察�
of salvation�察�of joy�察�of liberty�察�of wisdom�察�of virtue�察�of grace�察�
of glory�察�and of every good thing。 It is on this account that the 
prophet in a whole Psalm ��Psalm cxix。���察�and in many other places�察�
sighs for and calls upon the word of God with so many groanings 
and words。

Again�察�there is no more cruel stroke of the wrath of God than 
when He sends a famine of hearing His words ��Amos viii。 11���察�just 
as there is no greater favour from Him than the sending forth of 
His word�察�as it is said�察 �He sent His word and healed them�察�and 
delivered them from their destructions; ��Psalm cvii。 20��。 Christ 
was sent for no other office than that of the word�察�and the order 
of Apostles�察�that of bishops�察�and that of the whole body of the 
clergy�察�have been called and instituted for no object but the 
ministry of the word。

But you will ask�察�What is this word�察�and by what means is it to 
be used�察�since there are so many words of God�拭�I answer�察�The 
Apostle Paul ��Rom。 i。�� explains what it is�察�namely the Gospel of 
God�察�concerning His Son�察�incarnate�察�suffering�察�risen�察�and 
glorified�察�through the Spirit�察�the Sanctifier。 To preach Christ 
is to feed the soul�察�to justify it�察�to set it free�察�and to save 
it�察�if it believes the preaching。 For faith alone and the 
efficacious use of the word of God�察�bring salvation。 ;If thou 
shalt confess with thy mouth the Lord Jesus�察�and shalt believe in 
thine heart that God hath raised Him from the dead�察�thou shalt be 
saved; ��Rom。 x。 9���察�and again�察 �Christ is the end of the law for 
righteousness to every one that believeth; ��Rom。 x。 4���察�and ;The 
just shall live by faith; ��Rom。 i。 17��。 For the word of God 
cannot be received and honoured by any works�察�but by faith alone。 
Hence it is clear that as the soul needs the word alone for life 
and justification�察�so it is justified by faith alone�察�and not by 
any works。 For if it could be justified by any other means�察�it 
would have no need of the word�察�nor consequently of faith。

But this faith cannot consist at all with works�察�that is�察�if you 
imagine that you can be justified by those works�察�whatever they 
are�察�along with it。 For this would be to halt between two 
opinions�察�to worship Baal�察�and to kiss the hand to him�察�which is 
a very great iniquity�察�as Job says。 Therefore�察�when you begin to 
believe�察�you learn at the same time that all that is in you is 
utterly guilty�察�sinful�察�and damnable�察�according to that saying�察�
;All have sinned�察�and come short of the glory of God; ��Rom。 iii。 
23���察�and also�此 �There is none righteous�察�no�察�not one�察�they are 
all gone out of the way�察�they are together become unprofitable�此�
there is none that doeth good�察�no�察�not one; ��Rom。 iii。 10��2��。 
When you have learnt this�察�you will know that Christ is necessary 
for you�察�since He has suffered and risen again for you�察�that�察�
believing on Him�察�you might by this faith become another man�察�all 
your sins being remitted�察�and you being justified by the merits 
of another�察�namely of Christ alone。

Since then this faith can reign only in the inward man�察�as it is 
said�察 �With the heart man believeth unto righteousness; ��Rom。 x。 
10���察�and since it alone justifies�察�it is evident that by no 
outward work or labour can the inward man be at all justified�察�
made free�察�and saved�察�and that no works whatever have any 
relation to him。 And so�察�on the other hand�察�it is solely by 
impiety and incredulity of heart that he becomes guilty and a 
slave of sin�察�deserving condemnation�察�not by any outward sin or 
work。 Therefore the first care of every Christian ought to be to 
lay aside all reliance on works�察�and strengthen his faith alone 
more and more�察�and by it grow in the knowledge�察�not of works�察�but 
of Christ Jesus�察�who has suffered and risen again for him�察�as 
Peter teaches ��1 Peter v。�� when he makes no other work to be a 
Christian one。 Thus Christ�察�when the Jews asked Him what they 
should do that they might work the works of God�察�rejected the 
multitude of works�察�with which He saw that they were puffed up�察�
and commanded them one thing only�察�saying�察 �This is the work of 
God�此�that ye believe on Him whom He hath sent�察�for Him hath God 
the Father sealed; ��John vi。 27�察�29��。

Hence a right faith in Christ is an incomparable treasure�察�
carrying with it universal salvation and preserving from all 
evil�察�as it is said�察 �He that believeth and is baptised shall be 
saved�察�but he that believeth not shall be damned; ��Mark xvi。 16��。 
Isaiah�察�looking to this treasure�察�predicted�察 �The consumption 
decreed shall overflow with righteousness。 For the Lord God of 
hosts shall make a consumption�察�even determined ��verbum 
abbreviatum et consummans���察�in the midst of the land; ��Isa。 x。 
22�察�23��。 As if he said�察 �Faith�察�which is the brief and complete 
fulfilling of the law�察�will fill those who believe with such 
righteousness that they will need nothing else for 
justification。; Thus�察�too�察�Paul says�察 �For with the heart man 
believeth unto righteousness; ��Rom。 x。 10��。

But you ask how it can be the fact that faith alone justifies�察�
and affords without works so great a treasure of good things�察�
when so many works�察�ceremonies�察�and laws are prescribed to us in 
the Scriptures�拭�I answer�察�Before all things bear in mind what I 
have said�此�that faith alone without works justifies�察�sets free�察�
and saves�察�as I shall show more clearly below。

Meanwhile it is to be noted that the whole Scripture of God is 
divided into two parts�此�precepts and promises。 The precepts 
certainly teach us what is good�察�but what they teach is not 
forthwith done。 For they show us what we ought to do�察�but do not 
give us the power to do it。 They were ordained�察�however�察�for the 
purpose of showing man to himself�察�that through them he may learn 
his own impotence for good and may despair of his own strength。 
For this reason they are called the Old Testament�察�and are so。

For example�察 �Thou shalt not covet�察─�is a precept by which we are 
all convicted of sin�察�since no man can help coveting�察�whatever 
efforts to the contrary he may make。 In order therefore that he 
may fulfil the precept�察�and not covet�察�he is constrained to 
despair of himself and to seek elsewhere and through another the 
help which he cannot find in himself�察�as it is said�察 �O Israel�察�
thou hast destroyed thyself�察�but in Me is thine help; ��Hosea 
xiii。 9��。 Now what is done by this one precept is done by all�察�
for all are equally impossible of fulfilment by us。

Now when a man has through the precepts been taught his own 
impotence�察�and become anxious by what means he may satisfy the 
lawfor the law must be satisfied�察�so that no jot or tittle of 
it may pass away�察�otherwise he must be hopelessly 
condemnedthen�察�being truly humbled and brought to nothing in 
his own eyes�察�he finds in himself no resource for justification 
and s

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