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romise¡¡had¡¡been¡¡to¡¡them¡¡a¡¡loss£»¡¡and¡¡it¡¡might¡¡be¡¡said¡¡that¡¡its¡¡re¡­enactment¡¡would¡¡be¡¡a¡¡gain¡£¡¡¡¡But¡¡since¡¡that¡¡compromise¡¡had¡¡been¡¡repealed£»¡¡vast¡¡territories¡¡south¡¡of¡¡the¡¡line¡¡in¡¡question¡¡had¡¡been¡¡added¡¡to¡¡the¡¡union£»¡¡and¡¡the¡¡re¡­enactment¡¡of¡¡that¡¡compromise¡¡would¡¡hand¡¡those¡¡vast¡¡regions¡¡over¡¡to¡¡absolute¡¡slavery£»¡¡as¡¡had¡¡been¡¡done¡¡with¡¡Texas¡£¡¡¡¡This¡¡might¡¡be¡¡all¡¡very¡¡well¡¡for¡¡Mr¡£¡¡Crittenden¡¡in¡¡the¡¡slave¡¡State¡¡of¡¡Kentuckyfor¡¡Mr¡£¡¡Crittenden£»¡¡although¡¡a¡¡slave¡¡owner£»¡¡desired¡¡to¡¡perpetuate¡¡the¡¡Union£»¡¡but¡¡it¡¡would¡¡not¡¡have¡¡been¡¡well¡¡for¡¡New¡¡England¡¡or¡¡for¡¡the¡¡West¡£¡¡¡¡As¡¡for¡¡the¡¡second¡¡proposition£»¡¡it¡¡is¡¡well¡¡understood¡¡that¡¡under¡¡the¡¡Constitution¡¡Congress¡¡cannot¡¡interfere¡¡in¡¡any¡¡way¡¡in¡¡the¡¡question¡¡of¡¡slavery¡¡in¡¡the¡¡individual¡¡States¡£¡¡¡¡Congress¡¡has¡¡no¡¡more¡¡constitutional¡¡power¡¡to¡¡abolish¡¡slavery¡¡in¡¡Maryland¡¡than¡¡she¡¡has¡¡to¡¡introduce¡¡it¡¡into¡¡Massachusetts¡£¡¡¡¡No¡¡such¡¡pledge£»¡¡therefore£»¡¡was¡¡necessary¡¡on¡¡either¡¡side¡£¡¡¡¡But¡¡such¡¡a¡¡pledge¡¡given¡¡by¡¡the¡¡North¡¡and¡¡West¡¡would¡¡have¡¡acted¡¡as¡¡an¡¡additional¡¡tie¡¡upon¡¡them£»¡¡binding¡¡them¡¡to¡¡the¡¡finality¡¡of¡¡a¡¡constitutional¡¡enactment¡¡to¡¡which£»¡¡as¡¡was¡¡of¡¡course¡¡well¡¡known£»¡¡they¡¡strongly¡¡object¡£¡¡¡¡There¡¡was¡¡no¡¡question¡¡of¡¡Congress¡¡interfering¡¡with¡¡slavery£»¡¡with¡¡the¡¡purport¡¡of¡¡extending¡¡its¡¡area¡¡by¡¡special¡¡enactment£»¡¡and¡¡therefore¡¡by¡¡such¡¡a¡¡pledge¡¡the¡¡North¡¡and¡¡West¡¡could¡¡gain¡¡nothing£»¡¡but¡¡the¡¡South¡¡would¡¡in¡¡prestige¡¡have¡¡gained¡¡much¡£¡¡But¡¡that¡¡third¡¡proposition¡¡as¡¡to¡¡the¡¡Fugitive¡¡Slave¡¡Law¡¡and¡¡the¡¡faithful¡¡execution¡¡of¡¡that¡¡law¡¡by¡¡the¡¡Northern¡¡and¡¡Western¡¡States¡¡would£»¡¡if¡¡acceded¡¡to¡¡by¡¡Mr¡£¡¡Lincoln's¡¡party£»¡¡have¡¡amounted¡¡to¡¡an¡¡unconditional¡¡surrender¡¡of¡¡everything¡£¡¡¡¡What£¡¡¡¡¡Massachusetts¡¡and¡¡Connecticut¡¡carry¡¡out¡¡the¡¡Fugitive¡¡Slave¡¡Law£¿¡¡¡¡Ohio¡¡carry¡¡out¡¡the¡¡Fugitive¡¡Slave¡¡Law¡¡after¡¡the¡¡¡¨Dred¡¡Scott¡¨¡¡decision¡¡and¡¡all¡¡its¡¡consequences£¿¡¡¡¡Mr¡£¡¡Crittenden¡¡might¡¡as¡¡well¡¡have¡¡asked¡¡Connecticut£»¡¡Massachusetts£»¡¡and¡¡Ohio¡¡to¡¡introduce¡¡slavery¡¡within¡¡their¡¡own¡¡lands¡£¡¡¡¡The¡¡Fugitive¡¡Slave¡¡Law¡¡was¡¡then£»¡¡as¡¡it¡¡is¡¡now£»¡¡the¡¡law¡¡of¡¡the¡¡land£»¡¡it¡¡was¡¡the¡¡law¡¡of¡¡the¡¡United¡¡States¡¡as¡¡voted¡¡by¡¡Congress£»¡¡and¡¡passed¡¡by¡¡the¡¡President£»¡¡and¡¡acted¡¡on¡¡by¡¡the¡¡supreme¡¡judge¡¡of¡¡the¡¡United¡¡States¡¡Court¡£¡¡¡¡But¡¡it¡¡was¡¡a¡¡law¡¡to¡¡which¡¡no¡¡free¡¡State¡¡had¡¡submitted¡¡itself£»¡¡or¡¡would¡¡submit¡¡itself¡£¡¡¡¡¡¨What£¡¡¨¡¡the¡¡English¡¡reader¡¡will¡¡say£»¡¡¡¨sundry¡¡States¡¡in¡¡the¡¡Union¡¡refuse¡¡to¡¡obey¡¡the¡¡laws¡¡of¡¡the¡¡Unionrefuse¡¡to¡¡submit¡¡to¡¡the¡¡constitutional¡¡action¡¡of¡¡their¡¡own¡¡Congress£¿¡¨¡¡¡¡Yes¡£¡¡¡¡Such¡¡has¡¡been¡¡the¡¡position¡¡of¡¡this¡¡country£¡¡¡¡¡To¡¡such¡¡a¡¡dead¡¡lock¡¡has¡¡it¡¡been¡¡brought¡¡by¡¡the¡¡attempted¡¡but¡¡impossible¡¡amalgamation¡¡of¡¡North¡¡and¡¡South¡£¡¡¡¡Mr¡£¡¡Crittenden's¡¡compromise¡¡was¡¡moonshine¡£¡¡¡¡It¡¡was¡¡utterly¡¡out¡¡of¡¡the¡¡question¡¡that¡¡the¡¡free¡¡States¡¡should¡¡bind¡¡themselves¡¡to¡¡the¡¡rendition¡¡of¡¡escaped¡¡slaves£»¡¡or¡¡that¡¡Mr¡£¡¡Lincoln£»¡¡who¡¡had¡¡just¡¡been¡¡brought¡¡in¡¡by¡¡their¡¡voices£»¡¡should¡¡agree¡¡to¡¡any¡¡compromise¡¡which¡¡should¡¡attempt¡¡so¡¡to¡¡bind¡¡them¡£¡¡¡¡Lord¡¡Palmerston¡¡might¡¡as¡¡well¡¡attempt¡¡to¡¡reenact¡¡the¡¡Corn¡¡Laws¡£¡¡Then¡¡comes¡¡the¡¡question¡¡whether¡¡Mr¡£¡¡Lincoln¡¡or¡¡his¡¡government¡¡could¡¡have¡¡prevented¡¡the¡¡war¡¡after¡¡he¡¡had¡¡entered¡¡upon¡¡his¡¡office¡¡in¡¡March£»¡¡1861£¿¡¡¡¡I¡¡do¡¡not¡¡suppose¡¡that¡¡any¡¡one¡¡thinks¡¡that¡¡he¡¡could¡¡have¡¡avoided¡¡secession¡¡and¡¡avoided¡¡the¡¡war¡¡also£»¡¡that¡¡by¡¡any¡¡ordinary¡¡effort¡¡of¡¡government¡¡he¡¡could¡¡have¡¡secured¡¡the¡¡adhesion¡¡of¡¡the¡¡Gulf¡¡States¡¡to¡¡the¡¡Union¡¡after¡¡the¡¡first¡¡shot¡¡had¡¡been¡¡fired¡¡at¡¡Fort¡¡Sumter¡£¡¡¡¡The¡¡general¡¡opinion¡¡in¡¡England¡¡is£»¡¡I¡¡take¡¡it£»¡¡this¡¡that¡¡secession¡¡then¡¡was¡¡manifestly¡¡necessary£»¡¡and¡¡that¡¡all¡¡the¡¡blood¡­shed¡¡and¡¡money¡­shed£»¡¡and¡¡all¡¡this¡¡destruction¡¡of¡¡commerce¡¡and¡¡of¡¡agriculture¡¡might¡¡have¡¡been¡¡prevented¡¡by¡¡a¡¡graceful¡¡adhesion¡¡to¡¡an¡¡indisputable¡¡fact¡£¡¡¡¡But¡¡there¡¡are¡¡some¡¡facts£»¡¡even¡¡some¡¡indisputable¡¡facts£»¡¡to¡¡which¡¡a¡¡graceful¡¡adherence¡¡is¡¡not¡¡possible¡£¡¡Could¡¡King¡¡Bomba¡¡have¡¡welcomed¡¡Garibaldi¡¡to¡¡Naples£¿¡¡¡¡Can¡¡the¡¡Pope¡¡shake¡¡hands¡¡with¡¡Victor¡¡Emmanuel£¿¡¡¡¡Could¡¡the¡¡English¡¡have¡¡surrendered¡¡to¡¡their¡¡rebel¡¡colonists¡¡peaceable¡¡possession¡¡of¡¡the¡¡colonies£¿¡¡¡¡The¡¡indisputability¡¡of¡¡a¡¡fact¡¡is¡¡not¡¡very¡¡easily¡¡settled¡¡while¡¡the¡¡circumstances¡¡are¡¡in¡¡course¡¡of¡¡action¡¡by¡¡which¡¡the¡¡fact¡¡is¡¡to¡¡be¡¡decided¡£¡¡¡¡The¡¡men¡¡of¡¡the¡¡Northern¡¡States¡¡have¡¡not¡¡believed¡¡in¡¡the¡¡necessity¡¡of¡¡secession£»¡¡but¡¡have¡¡believed¡¡it¡¡to¡¡be¡¡their¡¡duty¡¡to¡¡enforce¡¡the¡¡adherence¡¡of¡¡these¡¡S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