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how to learn any language-第4章

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Carolina…Maryland game。 At half time; at the hot dog stand; who should be reaching for  
the same mustard squirter as I but National NSA president; Bill Dentzer。    
“Who can believe this?” he said。 “We’ve been looking for you for three days!”    
I explained it was our big senior out of town football weekend and College Park;  
Maryland was a long way from Chapel Hill; North Carolina; and there was a lot going on  
and I was sorry he couldn’t reach me。 “Why were you looking for me?” I asked。    
“We wanted you to go represent us in Yugoslavia;” he said。 I told him I’d love to。    
“It’s too late now;” he said。 “The plane leaves Monday from New York; and it’s  
already Saturday afternoon and the State Department’s closed; so there’s no way to get  
you a passport…”    
“Bill;” I interrupted; “I have a passport。 I can easily get back to Chapel Hill and  
pick it up in time to fly from New York on Monday。”    
By Wednesday I was attending sessions of a spirited Tito propaganda fiesta called  
the Zagreb Peace Conference and enjoying my first immersion in a language the mere  
mention of which impresses people even more than Chinese: Serbo…Croatian!    
To my delight; I understood entire phrases from it from my university Russian。 I  
became aware of “families” of foreign languages; something that doesn’t occur  
automatically to Americans because English doesn’t resemble its cousins very closely。  
It’s something of a black sheep in the Germanic language family。 They say the closest  
language to English is Dutch。 Dutch is about as close to English as Betelgeuse is to  
Baltimore!    
I’d noticed the summer before that Norwegian is usefully close to Swedish and  
Danish。 Serbo…Croatian sounded to me like a jazzier; more “fun” kind of Russian。 They    
 
use the Roman alphabet in western Yugoslavia; Croatia; and Slovenia; and in Serbia to  
the east they use the Cyrillic alphabet; with even more interesting letters in it than  
Russian uses。    
Some of the mystique I’d always imputed to multilingual people began to fade。 If  
you meet somebody who speaks; say; ten languages; your instinct is to be impressed to  
the tune of ten languages worth。 If; however; you later learn that six of those languages  
are Russian; Czech; Slovak; Serbo…Croatian; Polish and Ukrianian – I’m not suggesting  
that you dismiss him as illiterate; but you ought to be aware that he got six of those  
languages for the price of about two and three fourths! They’re all members of the Slavic  
family。    
The Yugoslav university students; my hosts; sent me back home aboard a Yugoslav  
ship; leaving me sixteen days with nothing to do but practice Serbo…Croatian with the  
other passengers。 When I got back to school after a solid eight weeks’ absence; I wasn’t  
even behind in my German。 German is widely spoken in central Europe and I’d spoken it  
widely enough during the adventure to float almost even with the class。         
Exotics – Hard and Easy         
Expertise is a narcotic。 As knowledge grows; it throws off pleasure to its possessor; much  
like an interest bearing account throws off money。 A pathologist who can instantly spot  
the difference between normal and abnormal X…rays grows incapable of believing that  
there are those of us who can’t。 I find it hard to believe there are Americans who can’t  
even tell the difference between printed pages of Spanish and French or of Polish;  
Danish; or anything else written in the Roman alphabet。 Too bad。 If you can’t distinguish  
the easier languages from the harder ones; you miss the higher joys of confronting your  
first samples of written Finnish。    
Finland has been called the only beautiful country in the world where the language  
is the major tourist attraction。 It’s utterly unfamiliar to you no matter where you come  
from; unless you happen to come from Estonia; in which case Finnish is only half  
unfamiliar to you。 There’s always a general knowledge heavyweight around who says;  
“Wait a minute。 Finnish is related to Hungarian too!”    
Oh; yeah! True; Finnish; Hungarian and Estonian are indeed all members of the  
Finno…Ugric language family; but try to find more than six words even remotely similar  
in each。 As you learn more and more about foreign languages; you’re able to laugh at  
more and more jokes about languages。 No Las Vegas comic will even knock socks off; or  
even loosen them; by standing up and saying; “You know; Finnish and Hungarian are  
cousin languages; but Finnish took all the vowels!” Look at the two languages side by  
side; however; and you’ll grudgingly accord at least minor wit status to whoever thought  
that one up。    
You may have experienced the difficulties of tackling Latin and Russian with their  
half dozen or so noun cases。 Finnish has fifteen noun cases in the singular and sixteen in  
the plural! Every word in the entire language is accented on the first syllable; which gives  
Finnish something of the sounds of a pneumatic jackhammer breaking up a sidewalk。    
I covered the Olympic Games in Helsinki but wisely decided not to try to learn  
Finnish。 It was the wisdom of the young boxer who’s eager to get in there with the champ    
 
and trade punches; but who nonetheless summons up the cool to decline and wait until  
he’s more prepared。 I found a much softer opponent on the ship back to the United States。    
A summer tradition that vanished after the 1950’s with far too little poetic  
lamentation was the “student ship to Europe。” They were almost always Dutch ships  
offering unbelievably low fares; hearty food; cramped but clean accommodations; cheap  
beer; and always a bearded guitar player who drew the crowd back to the ship’s fantail  
after dinner and led the kids of ten or twelve nations in throaty renditions of “I’ve Been  
Working on the Railroad。” The singing; the flirting; the joy of heading over or heading  
home; and especially the learning of all the other countries’ “Railroads” in all the other  
languages made the summer student ship a delight unimaginable to today’s jet lagged  
young Dutch airmen about my age。 They were all headed for the United States to take  
their jet fighter training at various American air bases; and we became old friends at  
once。 There seemed to be dozens (I later realised hundreds) of Indonesian servants on  
board。 After four hundred years of Dutch rule; Indonesia had won its independence from  
Holland only four years earlier。 The thousands of Indonesians who chose to remain loyal  
to Holland had to go to Holland; and that meant that virtually the entire Dutch service  
class was Indonesian。    
I was sitting on the deck talking to one of the Dutch pilots; Hans van Haastert。 He  
called one of the Indonesians over and said something to him in fluent Indonesian。 My  
romance with Dutch would begin (in a very unusual way) a few years later; but my  
romance with Indonesian was born in the lightning and thunder of Hans ordering a beer  
from that deck chair。    
If I had never been drawn to foreign languages earlier; that moment alone would  
have done it。 To me at that time; it was the white suited bwana speaking something pure  
“jungle” to one of his water carriers in any one of a hundred and eighteen safari movies  
I’d seen。 It was Humphrey Bogart melting a glamourous woman’s kneecaps with a burst  
of bush talk she had no idea he even knew。    
“Where did you learn that?” I asked。 It turned out that Hans; like many of his  
Dutch confreres; had been born in Java of mixed parents。 His Indonesian was just as good  
as his Dutch。 “Will you teach me some?” I asked。    
For the next eight days; until we were interrupted by the New York City skyline;  
Hans patiently taught me the Indonesian language。 When we parted; I was able to  
converse with the Indonesian crewmen; just as Hans had that first day on deck。 Lest this  
come across as a boast; let me hasten to point out that Indonesian is the easiest language  
in the world – no hedging; no “almost”; no “among the easiest”。 In my experience;  
Indonesian is the easiest。 The grammar is minimal; regular; and simple。 Once I began to  
learn it; Indonesian didn’t seem “jungle” anymore。 The Indonesians obligingly use the  
Roman alphabet; and they get along with fewer letters of it than we do。 And their tongue  
has an instant charm。 The Indonesian word for “sun”; mata hari (the famous female spy  
was known as the “sun” of Asia) literally means “eye of the day”。 When they make a  
singular noun plural in Indonesia; they merely say it twice。 “Man;” for example; is orang。  
“Men” is orang orang。 And when they write it; they just write one orang and put a 2 after  
it; like an exponent in algebra (Orang 2)。 Orang hutan; the ape name pronounced by  
many Americans as if it were “orang…u…tang;” is an Indonesian term meaning “man of the  
forest。”         
 
My Toughest Opponent         
For the next four years I avoided taking up any new languages。 I had nothing against any  
of them (except one)。 It was just that there were too many gaps in the tongues I’d already  
entertained and I wanted to plug them up。    
The language I had something against was Hungarian。 Before a summer weekend  
with army buddies in Rehoboth Beach; Delaware; I went to the post library and checked  
out an army phrase book in Hungarian to look at over the weekend。 The introduction  
bluntly warned; “Hungarian is perhaps the hardest language in the world; and it is spoken  
by only about ten million people。” I resolved I’d never get any closer to it。    
Hungarian was the next language I studied。    
When Hungary rebelled against Soviet oppression in 1956; I was invited by the  
U。S。 Air Force to join a team of reporters covering Operation Safe Haven; the airlift of all  
Hungarian refugees who were to receive asylum in the United States。 That was far from  
enough to make me want to study Hungarian – yet。    
Every child is treated to fantasies like Buck Rogers and his invincible ray gun;  
Superman; Batman; or; in my case; Jack Armstrong and his “mystery eye”; a power  
imparted to him by a friendly Hindu who; merely by concentrating and holding his palms  
straight out; could stop every oncoming object from a fist to a bullet to a bull to an  
express train。 By this time I began to note that similar powers – offensive and defensive –  
could unexpectedly and delightfully accompany the mastery of languages。         
No Iron Curtains for Language         
Many reporters got to the Hungarian border with Austria during the outpouring of  
refugees that followed the Soviet oppression of the Hungarian freedom fighters。 They  
went to the Red Cross shelters on the Austrian side; interviewed some refugees and relief  
workers; and went home。 I was invited to join a secret team of volunteer international  
“commandos” who actually slipped into Hungary by night to ferry refugees across the  
border canal on a rubber raft。    
The centre of the refugee operation was the Austrian border village of Andau。 I  
asked a local policeman in German where the refugee headqu

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