the antiquities of the jews-1-第261章

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except　the　day　following　the　tenth　of　Tisri；　the　great　day　of
atonement；　when　he　seems　to　have　supposed　all　his　sins　entirely
forgiven；　he　used　every　day　of　the　whole　year　to　offer　a
sacrifice　for　his　sins　of　ignorance；　or　such　as　he　supposed　he
had　been　guilty　of；　but　did　not　distinctly　remember。　See　somewhat
like　it　of　Agrippa　the　Great；　Antiq。　B。　XIX。　ch。　3。　sect。　3；　and
Job　1：4；　5。

（13）　These　grand　plays；　and　shows；　and　Thymelici；　or　music
meetings；　and　chariot　races；　when　the　chariots　were　drawn　by　two；
three；　or　four　pair　of　horses；　etc。；　instituted　by　Herod　in　his
theatres；　were　still；　as　we　see　here；　looked　on　by　the　sober　Jews
as　heathenish　sports；　and　tending　to　corrupt　the　manners　of　the
Jewish　nation；　and　to　bring　them　in　love　with　paganish　idolatry；
and　paganish　conduct　of　life；　but　to　the　dissolution　of　the　law
of　Moses；　and　accordingly　were　greatly　and　justly　condemned　by
them；　as　appears　here　and　every　where　else　in　Josephus。　Nor　is
the　case　of　our　modern　masquerades；　plays；　operas；　and　the　like
〃pomps　and　vanities　of　this　wicked　world；〃　of　any　better　tendency
under　Christianity。

（14）　Here　we　have　an　eminent　example　of　the　language　of　Josephus
in　his　writing　to　Gentiles；　different　from　that　when　he　wrote　to
Jews；　in　his　writing　to　whom　he　still　derives　all　such　judgments
from　the　anger　of　God；　but　because　he　knew　many　of　the　Gentiles
thought　they　might　naturally　come　in　certain　periods；　he　complies
with　them　in　the　following　sentence。　See　the　note　on　the　War。　B。
I。　ch。　33。　sect。　2。

（15）　This　famine　for　two　years　that　affected　Judea　and　Syria；　the
thirteenth　mid　fourteenth　years　of　Herod；　which　are　the
twenty…third　and　twenty…fourth　years　before　the　Christian　era；
seems　to　have　been　more　terrible　during　this　time　than　was　that
in　the　days　of　Jacob；　Genesis　41。；　42。　And　what　makes　the
comparison　the　more　remarkable　is　this；　that　now；　as　well　as
then；　the　relief　they　had　was　from　Egypt　also；　then　from　Joseph
the　governor　of　Egypt；　under　Pharaoh　king　of　Egypt；　and　now　from
Petronius　the　prefect　of　Egypt；　under　Augustus　the　Roman　emperor。
See　almost　the　like　case；　Antiq。　B。　XX。　ch。　2。　sect。　6。　It　is
also　well　worth　our　observation　here；　that　these　two　years　were　a
Sabbatic　year；　and　a　year　of　jubilee；　for　which　Providence；
during　the　theocracy；　used　to　provide　a　triple　crop　beforehand；
but　became　now；　when　the　Jews　had　forfeited　that　blessing；　the
greatest　years　of　famine　to　them　ever　since　the　days　of　Ahab；　1
Kings　17。；　18。

（16）　This　Aelius　Gallus　seems　to　be　no　other　than　that　Aelius
Lagus　whom　Dio　speaks　of　as　conducting　an　expedition　that　was
about　this　time　made　into　Arabia　Felix；　according　to　Betarius；
who　is　here　cited　by　Spanheim。　See　a　full　account　of　this
expedition　in　Prideaux；　at　the　years　23　and　24。

（17）　One　may　here　take　notice；　that　how　tyrannical　and
extravagant　soever　Herod　were　in　himself；　and　in　his　Grecian
cities；　as　to　those　plays；　and　shows；　and　temples　for　idolatry；
mentioned　above；　ch。　8。　sect。　1；　and　here　also；　yet　durst　even　he
introduce　very　few　of　them　into　the　cities　of　the　Jews；　who；　as
Josephus　here　notes；　would　not　even　then　have　borne　them；　so
zealous　were　they　still　for　many　of　the　laws　of　Moses；　even　under
so　tyrannical　a　government　as　this　was　of　Herod　the　Great；　which
tyrannical　government　puts　me　naturally　in　mind　of　Dean
Prideaux's　honest　reflection　upon　the　like　ambition　after　such
tyrannical　power　in　Pompey　and　Caesar：　〃One　of　these　（says　he；　at
the　year　60）　could　not　bear　an　equal；　nor　the　other　a　superior；
and　through　this　ambitions　humor　and　thirst　after　more　power　in
these　two　men；　the　whole　Roman　empire　being　divided　into　two
opposite　factions；　there　was　produced　hereby　the　most　destructive
war　that　ever　afflicted　it；　and　the　like　folly　too　much　reigns　in
all　other　places。　Could　about　thirty　men　be　persuaded　to　live　at
home　in　peace；　without　enterprising　upon　the　rights　of　each
other；　for　the　vain　glory　of　conquest；　and　the　enlargement　of
power；　the　whole　world　might　be　at　quiet；　but　their　ambition；
their　follies；　and　their　humor；　leading　them　constantly　to
encroach　upon　and　quarrel　with　each　other；　they　involve　all　that
are　under　them　in　the　mischiefs　thereof；　and　many　thousands　are
they　which　yearly　perish　by　it；　so　that　it　may　almost　raise　a
doubt；　whether　the　benefit　which　the　world　receives　from
government　be　sufficient　to　make　amends　for　the　calamities　which
it　suffers　from　the　follies；　mistakes；　and　real…administrations
of　those　that　manage　it。〃

（18）　Cesarea　being　here　said　to　be　rebuilt　and　adorned　in　twelve
years；　and　soon　afterwards　in　ten　years；　Antiq。　B。　XVI。　ch。　5。
sect。　1；　there　must　be　a　mistake　in　one　of　the　places　as　to　the
true　number；　but　in　which　of　them　it　is　hard　positively　to
determine。

（19）　This　Pollio；　with　whom　Herod's　sons　lived　at　Rome；　was　not
Pollio　the　Pharisee；　already　mentioned　by　Josephus；　ch。　1。　sect。
1；　and　again　presently　after　this；　ch。　10。　sect。　4；　but　Asinine
Pollo；　the　Roman；　as　Spanheim　here　observes。

（20）　The　character　of　this　Zenodorus　is　so　like　that　of　a　famous
robber　of　the　same　name　in　Strabo；　and　that　about　this　very
country；　and　about　this　very　time　also；　that　I　think　Dr。　Hudson
hardly　needed　to　have　put　a　overlaps　to　his　determination　that
they　were　the　same。

（21）　A　tetrarchy　properly　and　originally　denoted　the　fourth　part
of　an　entire　kingdom　or　country；　and　a　tetrarch　one　that　was
ruler　of　such　a　fourth　part；　which　always　implies　somewhat　less
extent　of　dominion　and　power　than　belong　to　a　kingdom　and　to　a
king。

（22）　We　may　here　observe；　that　the　fancy　of　the　modern　Jews；　in
calling　this　temple；　which　was　really　the　third　of　their　temples；
the　second　temple；　followed　so　long　by　later　Christians；　seems　to
be　without　any　solid　foundation。　The　reason　why　the　Christians
here　followed　the　Jews　is；　because　of　the　prophecy　of　Haggai；
2：6…9；　which　they　expound　of　the　Messiah's　coning　to　the　second
or　Zorobabel's　temple；　of　which　they　suppose　this　of　Herod　to　be
only　a　continuation；　which　is　meant；　I　think；　of　his　coming　to
the　fourth　and　last　temple；　of　that　future；　largest；　and　most
glorious　one；　described　by　Ezekiel；　whence　I　take　the　former
notion；　how　general　soever；　to　be　a　great　mistake。　See　Lit。
Accorap。　of　Proph。　p。　2。

（23）　Some　of　our　modem　students　in　architecture　have　made　a
strange　blunder　here；　when　they　imagine　that　Josephus　affirms　the
entire　foundations　of　the　temple　or　holy　house　sunk　down　into　the
rocky　mountain　on　which　it　stood　no　less　than　twenty　cubits；
whereas　he　is　clear　that　they　were　the　foundations　of　the
additional　twenty　cubits　only　above　the　hundred　（made　perhaps
weak　on　purpose；　and　only　for　show　and　grandeur）　that　sunk　or
fell　down；　as　Dr。　Hudson　rightly　understands　him；　nor　is　the
thing　itself　possible　in　the　other　sense。　Agrippa's　preparation
for　building　the　inner　parts　of　the　temple　twenty　cubits　higher
（History　of　the　War；　B。　V。　ch。　1。　sect。　5）　must　in　all
probability　refer　to　this　matter；　since　Josephus　says　here；　that
this　which　had　fallen　down　was　designed　to　be　raised　up　again
under　Nero；　under　whom　Agrippa　made　that　preparation。　But　what
Josephus　says　presently；　that　Solomon　was　the　first　king　of　the
Jews；　appears　by　the　parallel　place；　Antiq。　B。　XX。　ch。　9。　sect。
7；　and　other　places；　to　be　meant　only　the　first　of　David's
posterity；　and　the　first　builder　of　the　temple。

（24）　〃Into　none　Of　these　three　did　king　Herod　enter；〃　i。e。　1。　Not
into　the　court　of　the　priests；　2。　Nor　into　the　holy　house　itself；
3。　Nor　into　the　separate　place　belonging　to　the　altar；　as　the
words　following　imply；　for　none　but　priests；　or　their　attendants
the　Levites；　might　come　into　any　of　them。　See　Antiq。　B。　XVI。　ch。
4。　sect。　6；　when　Herod　goes　into　the　temple；　and　makes　a　speech
in　it　to　the　people；　but　that　could　only　be　into　the　court　of
Israel；　whither　the　people　could　come　to　hear　him。

（25）　This　tradition　which　Josephus　here　mentions；　as　delivered
down　from　fathers　to　their　children；　of　this　particular
remarkable　circumstance　relating　to　the　building　of　Herod's
temple；　is　a　demonstration　that　such　its　building　was　a　known
thing　in　Judea　at　this　time。　He　was　born　about　forty…six　years
after　it　is　related　to　have　been　finished；　and　might　himself　have
seen　and　spoken　with　some　of　the　builders　themselves；　and　with　a
great　number　of　those　that　had　seen　it　building。　The　doubt
therefore　about　the　truth　of　this　history　of　the　pulling　down　and
rebuilding　this　temple　by　Herod；　which　some　weak　people　have
indulged；　was　not　then　much　greater　than　it　soon　may　be；　whether
or　not　our　St。　Paul's　church　in　London　was　burnt　down　in　the　fire
of　London；　A。D。　1666；　and　rebuilt　by　Sir　Christopher　Wren　a
little　afterward。

BOOK　16　FOOTNOTES

（1）　We　may　here　observe　the　ancient　practice　of　the　Jews；　of
dedicating　the　sabbath　day；　not　to　idleness；　but　to　the　learning
their　sacred　rites　and　religious　customs；　and　to　the　meditation
on　the　law　of　Moses；　the　like　to　which　we　meet　with　elsewhere　in
Josephus　also　against　Apion；　B。　I。　sect。　22。

（2）　This　interval　of　ten　years　for　the　duration　of　Marcus
Agrippa's　government　in　Asia　seems　to　be　true；　and　agreeable　to
the　Roman　history。　See　Usher's　Annals　at　A。M。　3392。

（3）　Although　Herod　met　Augustus　at　Aquilei；　yet　was　this
accusation　of　his　sons　deferred　till　they　came　to　Rome；　as　sect。
3　assures　us；　and　as　we　are　particularly　informed　in　the　History
of　the　War；　B。　I。　ch。　23。　sect。　3；　though　what　he　here　says
belonged　distinctly　to　Alexander；　the　elder　brother；　I　mean　his
being　brought　to　Rome；　is　here　justly　extended　to　both　the
brothers；　and　that　not　only　in　our　copies；　but　in　that　of　Zonaras
also；　nor　is　there　reason　to　doubt　but　they　were　both　at　this
solemn　hearing　by　Augustus；　although　the　defense　was　made　by
Alexander　alone；　who　was　the　eldest　brother；　and　one　that　could
speak　very　well。

（4）　Since　some　prejudiced　men　have　indulged　a　wild　suspicion；　as
we　have　supposed　already；　Antiq。　B。　XV。　ch。　11。　sect。　7；　that
Josephus's　history　of　Herod's　rebuilding　the　temple　is　no　better
than　a　fable；　it　may　not　be　amiss　to　take　notice　of　this
occasional　clause　in　the　speech　of　Alexander　before　his　father
Herod；　in　his　and　his　brother's　vindication；　which　mentions　the
temple　as　known　by　every　body　to　have　been　built　by　Herod。

（5）　See　John　2：20。　See　also　another　speech　of　Herod's　own　to　the
young　men　that　pulled　down　his　golden　eagle　from　the　front　of　the
temple；　where　he　takes　notice　how　the　building　of　the　temple　cost
him　a　vast　sum；　and　that　the　Asamoneans；　in　those　one　hundred　and
twenty…five　years　they　held　the　government；　were　not　able　to
perform　so　great　a　work；　to　the　honor　of　God；　as　this　was；　Antiq。
B。　XVII。　ch。　6。　sect。　3。

（6）　Dr。　Hudson　here　gives　us　the　words　of　Suetonius　concerning
this　Nicopolis；　when　Augustus　rebuilt　it：　〃And　that　the　memory　of
the　victory　at　Actium　might　be　celebrated　the　more　afterward；　he
built　Nicopolis　at　Actium；　and　appointed　public　shows　to　be　there
exhibited　every　fifth　year。〃　In　August；　sect。　18。

（7）　Augustus　here　calls　Julius　Caesar　his　father；　though　by　birth
he　was　only　his　uncle；　on　account　of　his　adoption　by　him。　See　the
same　Antiq。　B。　XIV。　ch。　14。　sect