the memorabilia(射廷瞳)-及15嫗
梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ○ 賜 ★ 辛酔堀貧和鍬匈��梓囚徒貧議 Enter 囚辛指欺云慕朕村匈��梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ● 辛指欺云匈競何��
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names of some whom he had previously included。��3�А�Such is the amount
of thought which people bestow upon their friends。
��2�А �Or�察 �Nor had he failed to observe another striking contrast。; Cf。
Cic。 ;Lael。; 17�察�Diog。 Laert。 ii。 30。
��3�А�i。e。 ;like a chess´player recalling a move。;
And yet what thing else may a man call his own is comparable to this
one best possession� �what rather will not serve by contrast to enhance the
value of an honest friend� �Think of a horse or a yoke of oxen�察�they have
their worth�察�but who shall gauge the worth of a worthy friend�拭�Kindlier
and more constant than the faithfullest of slaves this is that possession
best named all´serviceable。��4�А �Consider what the post is that he assigns
himself� �to meet and supplement what is lacking to the welfare of his
friends�察�to promote their private and their public interests�察�is his concern。
Is there need of kindly action in any quarter�拭 �he will throw in the full
weight of his support。 Does some terror confound�拭�he is at hand to help
and defend by expenditure of money and of energy�撮�5�А �by appeals to
reason or resort to force。 His the privilege alike to gladden the prosperous
in the hour of success and to sustain their footing who have well´nigh
slipped。 All that the hands of a man may minister�察�all that the eyes of each
are swift to see�察 �the ears to hear�察 �and the feet to compass�察 �he with his
helpful arts will not fall short of。 Nay�察�not seldom that which a man has
failed to accomplish for himself�察�has missed seeing or hearing or attaining�察�
a friend acting in behalf of friend will achieve vicariously。 And yet�察�albeit
to try and tend a tree for the sake of its fruit is not uncommon�察�this copious
mine of wealththis friend attracts only a lazy and listless attention on
the part of more than half the world。
��4�А �A vessel fit for all work indeed is this friend。; Cf。 Ar。 ;Ach。;
936�察。�pagkhreston aggos estai���察�like the ;leather bottel。;
��5�А�Or�察 �by dint of his diplomacy。;
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V
I remember listening to another argument of his�察�the effect of which
would be to promote self´examination。 The listener must needs be brought
to ask himself�察 �Of what worth am I to my friends�拭─�It happened thus。 One
of those who were with him was neglectful�察�as he noted�察�of a friend who
was at the pinch of poverty ��Antisthenes��。��1�А�Accordingly�察�in the presence
of the negligent person and of several others�察�he proceeded to question the
sufferer。
��1�А �Antisthenes�察 �cynicorum et stoicorum parens。; Cic。 ;de Or。; iii。
17�察 �ad Att。; xii。 38。 See below�察�III。 iii。 17�察 �Symp。; passim�察 �Diog。
Laert。 II。 v。�察�VI。 i。
Soc。 What say you�察 �Antisthenes��have friends their values like
domestic slaves�拭�One of these latter may be worth perhaps two minae�撮�2�А�
another only half a mina�察�a third five�察�and a fourth as much as ten�察�while
they do say that Nicias�撮�3�А�the son of Niceratus�察�paid a whole talent for a
superintendent of his silver mines。 And so I propound the question to
myself as follows�此 �Have friends�察�like slaves�察�their market values�拭─�
��2�А�A mina = L4 circ。
��3�А �For Nicias see Thuc。 vii。 77 foll。�察 �Revenues�察─ �iv。 14�察 �Plut。
;Nic。; IV。 v。�察�Lys。 ;de bon。 Aristoph。; 648。
Not a doubt of it ��replied Antisthenes��。 At any rate�察 �I know that I
would rather have such a one as my friend than be paid two minae�察�and
there is such another whose worth I would not estimate at half a mina�察�and
a third with whom I would not part for ten�察�and then again a fourth whose
friendship would be cheap if it cost me all the wealth and pains in the
world to purchase it。
Well then ��continued Socrates���察�if that be so�察�would it not be well if
every one were to examine himself�此 �What after all may I chance to be
worth to my friends�拭─�Should he not try to become as dear as possible�察�so
that his friends will not care to give him up�拭 �How often do I hear the
complaint�此 �My friend So´and´so has given me up;�察 �or ;Such an one�察�
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whom I looked upon as a friend�察�has sacrificed me for a mina。; And every
time I hear these remarks�察�the question arises in my mind�此�If the vendor of
a worthless slave is ready to part with him to a purchaser for what he will
fetchis there not at least a strong temptation to part with a base friend
when you have a chance of making something on the exchange�拭 �Good
slaves�察�as far as I can see�察�are not so knocked down to the hammer�察�no�察�nor
good friends so lightly parted with。
VI
Again�察 �in reference to the test to be applied�察 �if we would gauge the
qualifications of a friend worth the winning�察 �the following remarks of
Socrates could not fail�察�I think�察�to prove instructive。��1�А�
��1�А �Or�察 �Again�察 �as to establishing a test of character�察 �since a friend
worth having must be of a particular type�察�I cannot but think that the
following remarks would prove instructive。;
Tell me ��said Socrates�察�addressing Critobulus���察�supposing we stood in
need of a good friend�察�how should we set about his discovery�拭�We must�察�in
the first place�察�I suppose�察�seek out one who is master of his appetites�察�not
under the dominion�察�that is�察�of his belly�察�not addicted to the wine´cup or to
lechery or sleep or idleness�察�since no one enslaved to such tyrants could
hope to do his duty either by himself or by his friends�察�could he�拭�
Certainly not ��Critobulus answered��。
Soc。 Do you agree�察�then�察�that we must hold aloof from every one so
dominated�拭�
Cri。 Most assuredly。
Well then ��proceeded Socrates���察�what shall we say of the spendthrift
who has lost his independence and is for ever begging of his neighbours�察�if
he gets anything out of them he cannot repay�察�but if he fails to get anything�察�
he hates you for not givingdo you not think that this man too would
prove but a disagreeable friend�拭�
Cri。 Certainly。
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Soc。 Then we must keep away from him too�拭�
Cri。 That we must。
Soc。 Well� �and what of the man whose strength lies in monetary
transactions�殖�2�А�His one craving is to amass money�察�and for that reason he
is an adept at driving a hard bargain��3��glad enough to take in�察�but loath
to pay out。
��2�А�Or�察 �the money´lender�拭�He has a passion for big money´bags。;
��3�А�Or�察 �hard in all his dealings。;
Cri。 In my opinion he will prove even a worse fellow than the last。
Soc。 Well� �and what of that other whose passion for money´making is
so absorbing that he has no leisure for anything else�察�save how he may add
to his gains�拭�
Cri。 Hold aloof from him�察�say I�察�since there is no good to be got out of
him or his society。
Soc。 Well� �what of the quarrelsome and factious person��4�А�whose main
object is to saddle his friends with a host of enemies�拭�
��4�А �The partisan。;
Cri。 For God's sake let us avoid him also。
Soc。 But now we will imagine a man exempt indeed from all the above
defectsa man who has no objection to receive kindnesses�察 �but it never
enters into his head to do a kindness in return。
Cri。 There will be no good in him either。 But�察�Socrates�察�what kind of
man shall we endeavour to make our friend�拭�what is he like�拭�
Soc。 I should say he must be just the converse of the above�此 �he has
control over the pleasures of the body�察�he is kindly disposed�撮�5�А�upright in
all his dealings�撮�6�А�very zealous is he not to be outdone in kindness by his
benefactors�察 �if only his friends may derive some profit from his
acquaintance。
��5�А�Reading ��eunous���察�or if ��euorkos���察�transl。 ;a man of his word。;
��6�А�Or�察 �easy to deal with。;
Cri。 But how are we to test these qualities�察 �Socrates�察 �before
acquaintance�拭�
Soc。 How do we test the merits of a sculptor��not by inferences drawn
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from the talk of the artist merely。 No�察 �we look to what he has already
achieved。 These former statues of his were nobly executed�察�and we trust he
will do equally well with the rest。
Cri。 You mean that if we find a man whose kindness to older friends is
established�察�we may take it as proved that he will treat his newer friends as
amiably�拭�
Soc。 Why�察�certainly�察�if I see a man who has shown skill in the handling
of horses previously�察 �I argue that he will handle others no less skilfully
again。
Cri。 Good� �and when we have discovered a man whose friendship is
worth having�察�how ought we to make him our friend�拭�
Soc。 First we ought to ascertain the will of Heaven whether it be
advisable to make him our friend。
Cri。 Well� �and how are we to effect the capture of this friend of our
choice�察�whom the gods approve�拭�will you tell me that�拭�
Not�察�in good sooth ��replied Socrates���察�by running him down like a hare�察�
nor by decoying him like a bird�察�or by force like a wild boar。��7�А�To capture
a friend against his will is a toilsome business�察�and to bind him in fetters
like a slave by no means easy。 Those who are so treated are apt to become
foes instead of friends。��8�А�
��7�А�Reading ��kaproi���察�al。 ��ekhthroi���察 �an enemy。;
��8�А�Or�察 �Hate rather than friendship is the outcome of these methods。;
Cri。 But how convert them into friends�拭�
Soc。 There are certain incantations�察 �we are told�察 �which those who
know them have only to utter�察�and they can make friends of whom they list�察�
and there are certain philtres also which those