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they   have   gained   the   top��12�А  �of   the   incline�察  �which   leads   down   to   the 

theatre opposite�察 �it   would�察 �I  think�察 �be obviously  useful   here  to   show  the 

skill with which your troopers can gallop down a steep incline��13�А�with as 

broad a front as the nature of the ground permits。 I am quite clear that your 

troopers�察�if they can trust their own skill in galloping�察�will take kindly to 

such an exhibition�察�while as certainly�察�if unpractised�察�they must look to it 

that the enemy does not give them a lesson in the art some day�察�perforce。 

     ��10�А  。�dielaunosin   en   Lukeio��。   See A。   Martin�察  �op。   cit。   196�察  �cf。 Arist。 

;Peace�察─�356。 

     ��11�А�Or�察�as we might say�察 �in regimental order�察─ �with the commanding 

officer   in   front   and   their   respective   squadron´leaders;�察  �and   for         the 

Lyceum see ;Hell。; I。 i。 33�察�II。 iv。 27。 

     ��12�А�Lit。 ;the apex of the confronting theatre。; 

     ��13�А�See ;Horsemanship�察─�viii。 6�察 �Anab。; IV。 viii。 28。 

     To come to the test manouvres。��14�А�The order in which the men will 

ride with showiest effect on these occasions has been already noted。��15�А�

As far as the leader is himself concerned�察�and presuming he is mounted on 

a powerful horse�察�I would suggest that he should each time ride round on 

the outer flank�察�in which case he will himself be kept perpetually moving 

at a canter�察�and those with him�察�as they become the wheeling flank�察�will�察�

by turns�察�fall into the same pace�察�with this result�此�the spectacle presented to 

the senate will be that of an ever rapidly moving stream of cavaliers�察�and 

the horses having�察�each in turn�察�the opportunity to recover breath�察�will not 

be overdone。 

     ��14�А  。�dokimasiais���察  �reviews   and   inspections。   See A。   Martin�察  �op。   cit。 

p。 333。 

     ��15�А�Where�拭�Some think in a lost passage of the work ��see Courier�察�p。 

111�察�n。 1���察�or is the reference to ch。 ii。 above�拭�and is the scene                    of the 

��dokimasiai��         Phaleron�拭      �There     is   no    further     refernece      to   ��ta 

Phaleroi��。 Cf。 S。 1�察�above。 See Aristot。 ;Ath。 Pol。; 49 ��now the                      locus 

classicus     on   the  subject���察  �and    Dr。  Sandys     ad  loc。   The   scene          is 

represented      on   a   patera   from    Orvieto�察   �now    in   the  Berlin    Museum�察�

reproduced       and    fully   described     in   ;The    Art    of  Horsemanship         by 

Xenophon�察─       �translated�察    �with    chapters    on    the   Greek     Riding´Horse�察�



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and with notes�察�by Morris H。 Morgan�察�p。 76。 

     On occasions when the display takes place in the hippodrome�撮�16�А�the 

best arrangement would be�察�in the first place�察�that the troops should fill the 

entire space with extended front�察�so forcing out the mob of people from 

the centre�撮�17�А�and secondly�察�that in the sham fight��18�А�which ensues�察�the 

tribal squadrons�察�swiftly pursuing and retiring�察�should gallop right across 

and   through   each   other�察  �the   two   hipparchs   at   their   head�察  �each   with   five 

squadrons   under   him。   Consider   the   effect   of   such   a   spectacle�此  �the   grim 

advance of rival squadrons front to front�察�the charge�察�the solemn pause as�察�

having   swept   across   the   hippodrome�察  �they   stand   once   more   confronting 

one    another�察    �and   then   the   trumpet     sounds�察   �whereat     a  second     and   yet 

swifter hostile advance�察�how fine the   effect��and once again   they are   at 

the halt�察�and once again the trumpet sounds�察�and for the third time�察�at the 

swiftest   pace   of   all�察  �they   make   a   final   charge   across   the   field�察  �before 

dismissal�察�after which they come to a halt en masse�察�in battle order�察�and�察�as 

now     customary�撮�19�А      �ride   up   to  salute    the  senate�察   �and   disband。     These 

evolutions   will   at   once   approve   themselves�察  �I   think�察  �not   only   for   their 

novelty�察  �but   for   their   resemblacne   to   real   warfare。   The   notion   that   the 

hipparch is to ride at a slower pace than his phylarchs�察�and to handle his 

horse precisely in their style�察�seems to me below the dignity of the office。 

     ��16�А�In the hippodrome near Munychia�察�I suppose。 

     ��17�А  �Lit。   ;。   。   。   it   would   be   beautiful   to   form   with   extended   front�察  �so 

as to fill the hippodrome with horses and drive out the people                             from 

the   central   space�察  �beautiful   to   。   。   。; The   new   feature   of   the     review 

would seem  to   have   been   the   introduction of   a sham  fight   in                 three 

parts�察   �down     to  the   customary      advance     of  the   whole     corps�察        。�epi 

phalaggos��。 Cf。 Virg。 ;Aen。; v。 545 foll。 But see Martin�察�op。                        cit。 197。 

     ��18�А�Lit。 ;the anthippasia。; 

     ��19�А �As is your custom。; See ;Mem。; III。 iii。 6。 

     When the cavalry parade takes place on the hard´trodden��20�А�ground 

of the Academy�察�I have the following advice to give。 To avoid being jolted 

off   his   horse   at   any   moment�察  �the   trooper   should�察  �in   charging�察  �lean   well 

back�撮�21�А�and to prevent his charger stumbling�察�he should while wheeling 

hold his head well up�察�but along a straight stretch he should force the pace。 



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Thus   the   spectacle presented   to the senate   will   combine the   elements   of 

beauty and of safety。 

     ��20�А�Cf。 Thuc。 vii。 27。 

     ��21�А�See ;Horsemanship�察─�vii。 17。 



                                               IV 



     To   pass   to   a   different   topic�此  �on   the   march�察  �the   general   will   need   to 

exercise     a  constant     forethought     to  relieve    the  horses'    backs    and   the 

troopers'     legs�察 �by   a  judicious    interchange     of   riding   and   of  marching。 

Wherein consists the golden mean�察�will not be hard to find�察�since ;every 

man a standard to himself�察┌�1�А�applies�察�and your sensations are an index to 

prevent your fellows being overdone through inadvertence。 

     ��1�А�The phrase is proverbial。 Cf。 Plat。 ;Theaet。; 183 B。 

     But now supposing you are on the march in some direction�察�and it is 

uncertain whether you will stumble on the enemy�察�your duty is to rest your 

squadrons   in   turn�察�since   it   will   go   hard   with   you�察  �if the   enemy  come   to 

close quarters when the whole force is dismounted。��2�А�Or�察�again�察�suppose 

the roads are narrow�察�or you have to cross a defile�察�you will pass�察�by word 

of mouth�察�the command to diminish the front�撮�3�А�or given�察�again�察�you are 

debouching on broad roads�察�again the word of command will pass by word 

of mouth�察�to every squadron�察 �to increase their front;�察�or lastly�察�supposing 

you   have   reached   flat   country�察   �to   form   squadron   in   order   of   battle。;   If 

only   for   the   sake   of   practice�察  �it   is   well   to   go   through   evolutions   of   the 

sort�撮�4�А�besides which it adds pleasure to the march thus to diversify the 

line of route with cavalry mavouvres。 

     ��2�А�See ;Hell。; V。 iv。 40 for a case in point。 

     ��3�А�Or�察 �advance by column of route。; See ;Hell。; VII。 iv。 23。 

     ��4�А  �Or�察   �it  is  a  pleasant   method     of   beguiling    the  road。;    Cf。  Plat。 

;Laws�察─�i。 625 B。 

     Supposing�察�however�察�you are off roads altogether and moving fast over 

difficult    ground�察   �no   matter    whether    you    are  in  hostile    or  in  friendly 

territory�察�it will be useful if the scouts attached to squadrons��5�А�rode on in 

advance�察�their duty being�察�in case of encountering pathless clefts or gullies�察�



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to work round on to practicable ground�察�and to discover at what point the 

troopers   may   effect   a   passage�察  �so   that   whole   ranks   may   not   go   blindly 

roaming。��6�А�

     ��5�А  。�ton   upereton��   =   ;ground   scouts�察─  �al。   ;orderlies。;   Ordonnances�察�

trabans ��Courier��。 See Rustow and Kochly�察�p。 140。 ;Cyrop。; II。 i。                            21�察�

II。 iv。 4�察�V。 iii。 52�察�VII。 v。 18�察�and VI。 ii。 13�察 �Anab。; I。 

ix。   27�察  �II。      i。   9�察 �where   ;adjutants�察─   �orderlies;   would   seem   to   be 

implied。 

     ��6�А  �Al。   ;to   prevent   whole   divisions   losing   their   way。;   Cf。   ;Anab。; 

VIII。 iii。 18。 

     Again�察�if there is prospect of danger on the march�察�a prudent general 

can hardly show his wisdom better than by sending out advanced patrols 

in   front   of   the   ordinary   exploring   parties   to   reconnoitre   every   inch   of 

ground minutely。 So to be apprised of the enemy's position in advance�察�and 

at as great a distance off as possible�察�cannot fail to be useful�察�whether for 

purposes of attack or defence�察�just as it is useful also to enforce a halt at 

the passage of a river or some other defile�察�so that the men in rear may not 

knock   their   horses   all   to   bits   in   endeavouring   to   overtake   their   leader。 

These are precepts known�察�I admit�察�to nearly all the world�察�but it is by no 

means every one who will take pains to apply them carefully。��7�А�

     ��7�А�See ;Econ。; xx。 6。 foll。 

     It is the business of the hipparch to take infinite precautions while it is 

still   peace�察  �to   make   himself   acquainted   with   the   details�察  �not   only   of   his 

own�察�but of the hostile territory�撮�8�А�or if�察�as may well betide�察�he personally 

should   lack   the   knowledge�察  �he   should   invite   the   aid   of   others��9��those 

best    versed    in   the  topography       of  any    district。  Since    there    is  all  the 

difference in the world between a leader acquainted with his roads and one 

who   is   not�察  �and   when   it   comes   to   actual   designs   upon   the   enemy�察  �the 

difference between knowing   and not   knowing the   locality  can   hardly  be 

exaggerated。 

     ��8�А�Or�察 �with hostile and friendly territories alike。; 

     ��9�А   �Lit。  ;he   should    associate     with   himself     those   of   the  rest;�察  �i。e。 

his colleagues or other members of the force。 

     So�察�too�察�with regard to spies and intelligencers。 Before war commences 



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