memoirs of general william t. sherman-2-第69章
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r River； and General Howard's was strung along the railroad toward Hillsboro'； the rest of the army was in and about Raleigh。
On the 20th I reviewed the Tenth Corps； and was much pleased at the appearance of General Paines's division of black troops； the first I had ever seen as a part of an organized army； and on the 21st I reviewed the Twenty…third Corps； which had been with me to Atlanta； but had returned to Nashville had formed an essential part of the army which fought at Franklin； and with which General Thomas had defeated General Hood in Tennessee。 It had then been transferred rapidly by rail to Baltimore and Washington by General Grant's orders； and thence by sea to North Carolina。 Nothing of interest happened at Raleigh till the evening of April 23d； when Major Hitchcock reported by telegraph his return to Morehead City； and that he would come up by rail during the night。 He arrived at 6 a。m。； April 24th； accompanied by General Grant and one or two officers of his staff； who had not telegraphed the fact of their being on the train； for prudential reasons。 Of course； I was both surprised and pleased to see the general； soon learned that my terms with Johnston had been disapproved； was instructed by him to give the forty…eight hours' notice required by the terms of the truce； and afterward to proceed to attack or follow him。 I immediately telegraphed to General Kilpatrick； at Durham's； to have a mounted courier ready to carry the following message； then on its way up by rail； to the rebel lines：
HEADQUARTERS MILITARY DIVISION OF THE MISSISSIPPI IN THE FIELD； RALEIGH； NORTH CAROLINA； April 24； 1865 6 A。M。
General JOHNSTON； commanding Confederate Army； Greensboro'：
You will take notice that the truce or suspension of hostilities agreed to between us will cease in forty…eight hours after this is received at your lines； under the first of the articles of agreement。
W。 T。 SHERMAN； Major…General。
At the same time I wrote another short note to General Johnston； of the same date：
I have replies from Washington to my communications of April 18th。 I am instructed to limit my operations to your immediate command； and not to attempt civil negotiations。 I therefore demand the surrender of your army on the same terms as were given to General Lee at Appomattox； April 9th instant； purely and simply。
Of course； both these papers were shown to General Grant at the time； before they were sent； and he approved of them。
At the same time orders were sent to all parts of the army to be ready to resume the pursuit of the enemy on the expiration of the forty…eight hours' truce； and messages were sent to General Gillmore （at Hilton Head） to the same effect； with instructions to get a similar message through to General Wilson； at Macon； by some means。
General Grant had brought with him； from Washington； written answers from the Secretary of War； and of himself； to my communications of the 18th； which I still possess； and here give the originals。 They embrace the copy of a dispatch made by Mr。 Stanton to General Grant； when he was pressing Lee at Appomattox； which dispatch； if sent me at the same time （as should have been done）； would have saved a world of trouble。 I did not understand that General Grant had come down to supersede me in command； nor did he intimate it； nor did I receive these communications as a serious reproof； but promptly acted on them； as is already shown； and in this connection I give my answer made to General Grant； at Raleigh； before I had received any answer from General Johnston to the demand far the surrender of his own army； as well as my answer to Mr。 Stanton's letter； of the same date； both written on the supposition that I might have to start suddenly in pursuit of Johnston； and have no other chance to explain。
WAR DEPARTMENT； WASHINGTON CITY； April 21； 1865。
Lieutenant…General GRANT。
GENERAL： The memorandum or basis agreed upon between General Sherman and General Johnston having been submitted to the President； they are disapproved。 You will give notice of the disapproval to General Sherman； and direct him to resume hostilities at the earliest moment。
The instructions given to you by the late President； Abraham Lincoln； on the 3d of March； by my telegraph of that date； addressed to you； express substantially the views of President Andrew Johnson； and will be observed by General Sherman。 A copy is herewith appended。
The President desires that you proceed immediately to the headquarters of Major…General Sherman； and direct operations against the enemy。
Yours truly；
EDWIN M。 STANTON； Secretary of War。
The following telegram was received 2 p。m。； City Point； March 4； 1865 （from Washington； 12 M。； March 3；1865）
＇CIPHER＇
OFFICE UNITED STATES MILITARY TELEGRAPH； HEADQUARTERS ARMIES OF THE UNITED STATES
Lieutenant…General GRANT：
The President directs me to say to you that he wishes you to have no conference with General Lee； unless it be for the capitulation of Lee's army or on solely minor and purely military matters。
He instructs me to say that you are not to decide； discuss； or confer upon any political question； such questions the President holds in his own hands； and will submit them to no military conferences or conventions。
Meantime you are to press to the utmost your military advantages。
EDWIN M。 STANTON； ；Secretary of War。
HEADQUARTERS ARMIES OF THE UNITED STATES WASHINGTON； D。C。 April 21； 1865。
Major…General W。 T。 SHERMAN； commanding Military Division of the Mississippi。
GENERAL： The basis of agreement entered into between yourself and General J。 E。 Johnston； for the disbandment of the Southern army； and the extension of the authority of the General Government over all the territory belonging to it； sent for the approval of the President； is received。
I read it carefully myself before submitting it to the President and Secretary of War； and felt satisfied that it could not possibly be approved。 My reason for these views I will give you at another time； in a more extended letter。
Your agreement touches upon questions of such vital importance that； as soon as read； I addressed a note to the Secretary of War； notifying him of their receipt； and the importance of immediate action by the President； and suggested； in view of their importance； that the entire Cabinet be called together； that all might give an expression of their opinions upon the matter。 The result was a disapproval by the President of the basis laid down； a disapproval of the negotiations altogether except for the surrender of the army commanded by General Johnston； and directions to me to notify you of this decision。 I cannot do no better than by sending you the inclosed copy of a dispatch （penned by the late President； though signed by the Secretary of War） in answer to me； on sending a letter received from General Lee； proposing to meet me for the purpose of submitting the question of peace to a convention of officers。
Please notify General Johnston；； immediately on receipt of this； of the termination of the truce； and resume hostilities against his army at the earliest moment you can； acting in good faith。
Very respectfully your obedient servant；
U。 S。 GRANT； Lieutenant…General。
HEADQUARTERS MILITARY DIVISION OF THE MISSISSIPPI IN THE FIELD； RALEIGH； NORTH CAROLINA； April 25； 1865。
Lieutenant…General U。 S。 GRANT； present。
GENERAL： I had the honor to receive your letter of April 21st； with inclosures； yesterday； and was well pleased that you came along； as you must have observed that I held the military control so as to adapt it to any phase the case might assume。
It is but just I should record the fact that I made my terms with General Johnston under the influence of the liberal terms you extended to the army of General Lee at Appomattox Court…House on the 9th； and the seeming policy of our Government； as evinced by the call of the Virginia Legislature and Governor back to Richmond； under yours and President Lincoln's very eyes。
It now appears this last act was done without any consultation with you or any knowledge of Mr。 Lincoln； but rather in opposition to a previous policy well considered。
I have not the least desire to interfere in the civil policy of our Government； but would shun it as something not to my liking； but occasions do arise when a prompt seizure of results is forced on military commanders not in immediate communication with the proper authority。 It is probable that the terms signed by General Johnston and myself were not clear enough on the point； well understood between us； that our negotiations did not apply to any parties outside the officers and men of the Confederate armies； which could easily have been remedied。
No surrender of any army not actually at the mercy of an antagonist was ever made without 〃terms；〃 and these always define the military status of the surrendered。 Thus you stipulated that the officers and men of Lee's army should not be molested at their homes so long as they obeyed the laws at the place of their residence。
I do not wish to discuss these points involved in our recognition of the State governments in actual existence； but will merely state my conclusions； to await the solution of the future。
Such action on our part in no manner recognizes for a moment the so…called Confederate Government； or makes us liable for its debts or acts。
The laws and acts done by the several States during the period of rebellion are void； because done without the oath prescribed by our Constitution of the United States； which is a 〃condition precedent。〃
We have a right to； use any sort of machinery to produce military results； and it is the commonest thing for military commanders to use the civil governments in actual existence as a means to an end。 I do believe we could and can use the present State governments lawfully； constitutionally； and as the very best possible means to produce the object desired； viz。； entire and complete submission to the lawful authority of the United States。
As to punishment for past crimes； that is for the judiciary； and can in no manner of way be disturbed by our acts； and； so far as I can； I will use my influence that rebels shall suffer all the personal punishment prescribed by law； as also the civil liabilities arising from their past acts。
What we now want is the new form of law by which common men may regain the positions of industry； so long disturbed by the war。
I now apprehend that the rebel armies will disperse； and； instead of dealing with six or seven States； we will have to deal with numberless bands of desperadoes； headed by such men as Mosby； Forrest； Red Jackson； and others； who know not and care not for danger and its consequences。
I am； with great respect； your obedient servant；
W。 T。 SHERMAN； Major…General commanding。
HEADQUARTERS MILITARY DIVISION OF THE MISSISSIPPI IN THE FIELD； RALEIGH； NORTH CAROLINA； April 25； 1865。
Hon。 E。 M。 STANTON； Secretary of War； Washington。
DEAR SIR： I have been furnished a copy of your letter of April 21st to General Grant； signifying your disapproval of the terms on which General Johnston proposed to disarm and disperse the insurgents； on condition of amnesty； etc。 I admit my folly in
