memoirs of general william t. sherman-2-第39章

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　and　for　which　Captain　Poe；　my　chief…engineer；　is　now　reconnoitring　the　ground；　but　in　the　mean　time　will　act　as　I　have　begun；　as　though　the　city　of　Savannah　were　my　objective：　namely；　the　troops　will　continue　to　invest　Savannah　closely；　making　attacks　and　feints　wherever　we　have　fair　ground　to　stand　upon；　and　I　will　place　some　thirty…pound　Parrotts；　which　I　have　got　from　General　Foster；　in　position；　near　enough　to　reach　the　centre　of　the　city；　and　then　will　demand　its　surrender。　　If　General　Hardee　is　alarmed；　or　fears　starvation；　he　may　surrender；　otherwise　I　will　bombard　the　city；　but　not　risk　the　lives　of　our　men　by　assaults　across　the　narrow　causeways；　by　which　alone　I　can　now　reach　it。

If　I　had　time；　Savannah；　with　all　its　dependent　fortifications；　would　surely　fall　into　our　possession；　for　we　hold　all　its　avenues　of　supply。

The　enemy　has　made　two　desperate　efforts　to　get　boats　from　above　to　the　city；　in　both　of　which　he　has　been　foiled…General　Slocum　（whose　left　flank　rests　on　the　river）　capturing　and　burning　the　first　boat；　and　in　the　second　instance　driving　back　two　gunboats　and　capturing　the　steamer　Resolute；　with　seven　naval　officers　and　a　crew　of　twenty…five　seamen。　　General　Slocum　occupies　Argyle　Island　and　the　upper　end　of　Hutchinson　Inland；　and　has　a　brigade　on　the　South　Carolina　shore　opposite；　and　is　very　urgent　to　pass　one　of　his　corps　over　to　that　shore。　　But；　in　view　of　the　change　of　plan　made　necessary　by　your　order　of　the　6th；　I　will　maintain　things　in　statu　quo　till　I　have　got　all　my　transportation　to　the　rear　and　out　of　the　way；　and　until　I　have　sea…transportation　for　the　troops　you　require　at　James　River；　which　I　will　accompany　and　command　in　person。　　Of　course；　I　will　leave　Kilpatrick；　with　his　cavalry　（say　five　thousand　three　hundred）；　and；　it　may　be；　a　division　of　the　Fifteenth　Corps；　but；　before　determining　on　this；　I　must　see　General　Foster；　and　may　arrange　to　shift　his　force　（now　over　above　the　Charleston　Railroad；　at　the　head　of　Broad　River）　to　the　Ogeeohee；　where；　in　cooperation　with　Kilpatrick's　cavalry；　he　can　better　threaten　the　State　of　Georgia　than　from　the　direction　of　Port　Royal。　　Besides；　I　would　much　prefer　not　to　detach　from　my　regular　corps　any　of　its　veteran　divisions；　and　would　even　prefer　that　other　less　valuable　troops　should　be　sent　to　reenforce　Foster　from　some　other　quarter。　　My　four　corps；　full　of　experience　and　full　of　ardor；　coming　to　you　en　masse；　equal　to　sixty　thousand　fighting　men；　will　be　a　reenforcement　that　Lee　cannot　disregard。　Indeed；　with　my　present　command；　I　had　expected；　after　reducing　Savannah；　instantly　to　march　to　Columbia；　South　Carolina；　thence　to　Raleigh；　and　thence　to　report　to　you。　　But　this　would　consume；　it　may　be；　six　weeks'　time　after　the　fall　of　Savannah；　whereas；　by　sea；　I　can　probably　reach　you　with　my　men　and　arms　before　the　middle　of　January。

I　myself　am　somewhat　astonished　at　the　attitude　of　things　in　Tennessee。　　I　purposely　delayed　at　Kingston　until　General　Thomas　assured　me　that　he　was　all　ready；　and　my　last　dispatch　from　him　of　the　12th　of　November　was　full　of　confidence；　in　which　he　promised　me　that　he　would　ruin　Hood　if　he　dared　to　advance　from　Florence；　urging　me　to　go　ahead；　and　give　myself　no　concern　about　Hood's　army　in　Tennessee。

Why　he　did　not　turn　on　him　at　Franklin；　after　checking　and　discomfiting　him；　surpasses　my　understanding。　　Indeed；　I　do　not　approve　of　his　evacuating　Decatur；　but　think　he　should　have　assumed　the　offensive　against　Hood　from　Pulaski；　in　the　direction　of　Waynesburg。　I　know　full　well　that　General　Thomas　is　slow　in　mind　and　in　action；　but　he　is　judicious　and　brave　and　the　troops　feel　great　confidence　in　him。　　I　still　hope　he　will　out…manoeuvre　and　destroy　Hood。

As　to　matters　in　the　Southeast；　I　think　Hardee；　in　Savannah；　has　good　　artillerists；　some　five　or　six　thousand　good　infantry；　and；　it　may　be；　a　mongrel　mass　of　eight　to　ten　thousand　militia。　　In　all　our　marching　through　Georgia；　he　has　not　forced　us　to　use　any　thing　but　a　skirmish…line；　though　at　several　points　he　had　erected　fortifications　and　tried　to　alarm　us　by　bombastic　threats。　　In　Savannah　he　has　taken　refuge　in　a　line　constructed　behind　swamps　and　overflowed　rice…fields；　extending　from　a　point　on　the　Savannah　River　about　three　miles　above　the　city；　around　by　a　branch　of　the　Little　Ogeechee；　which　stream　is　impassable　from　its　salt…marshes　and　boggy　swamps；　crossed　only　by　narrow　causeways　or　common　corduroy…roads。

There　must　be　twenty…five　thousand　citizens；　men；　women；　and　children；　in　Savannah；　that　must　also　be　fed；　and　how　he　is　to　feed　them　beyoud　a　few　days　I　cannot　imagine。　　I　know　that　his　requisitions　for　corn　on　the　interior　counties　were　not　filled；　and　we　are　in　possession　of　the　rice…fields　and　mills；　which　could　alone　be　of　service　to　him　in　this　neighborhood。　　He　can　draw　nothing　from　South　Carolina；　save　from　a　small　corner　down　in　the　southeast；　and　that　by　a　disused　wagon…road。　　I　could　easily　get　possession　of　this；　but　hardly　deem　it　worth　the　risk　of　making　a　detachment；　which　would　be　in　danger　by　its　isolation　from　the　main　army。　　Our　whole　army　is　in　fine　condition　as　to　health；　and　the　weather　is　splendid。　　For　that　reason　alone　I　feel　a　personal　dislike　to　turning　northward。　　I　will　keep　Lieutenant　Dunn　here　until　I　know　the　result　of　my　demand　for　the　surrender　of　Savannah；　but；　whether　successful　or　not；　shall　not　delay　my　execution　of　your　order　of　the　6th；　which　will　depend　alone　upon　the　time　it　will　require　to　obtain　transportation　by　sea。

I　am；　with　respect；　etc。；　your　obedient　servant；　W。　T。　SHERMAN；　Major…General　United　States　Army。


Having　concluded　all　needful　preparations；　I　rode　from　my　headquarters；　on　the　plank…road；　over　to　General　Slocum's　headquarters；　on　the　Macon　road；　and　thence　dispatched　（by　flag　of　truce）　into　Savannah；　by　the　hands　of　Colonel　Ewing；　inspectorgeneral；　a　demand　for　the　surrender　of　the　place。　　The　following　letters　give　the　result。　　General　Hardee　refused　to　surrender；　and　I　then　resolved　to　make　the　attempt　to　break　his　line　of　defense　at　several　places；　trusting　that　some　one　would　succeed。



HEADQUARTERS　MILITARY　DIVISION　OE　THE　MISSISSIPPI；　IN　THE　FIELD；　NEAR　SAVANNAH；　December　17；　1864。

General　WILLIAM　J。　HARDEE；　commanding　Confederate　Forces　in　Savannah。

GENERAL：　You　have　doubtless　observed；　from　your　station　at　Rosedew　that　sea…going　vessels　now　come　through　Ossabaw　Sound　and　up　the　Ogeechee　to　the　rear　of　my　army；　giving　me　abundant　supplies　of　all　kinds；　and　more　especially　heavy　ordnance　necessary　for　the　reduction　of　Savannah。　　I　have　already　received　guns　that　can　cast　heavy　and　destructive　shot　as　far　as　the　heart　of　your　city；　also；　I　have　for　some　days　held　and　controlled　every　avenue　by　which　the　people　and　garrison　of　Savannah　can　be　supplied；　and　I　am　therefore　justified　in　demanding　the　surrender　of　the　city　of　Savannah；　and　its　dependent　forts；　and　shall　wait　a　reasonable　time　for　your　answer；　before　opening　with　heavy　ordnance。　　Should　you　entertain　the　proposition；　I　am　prepared　to　grant　liberal　terms　to　the　inhabitants　and　garrison；　but　should　I　be　forced　to　resort　to　assault；　or　the　slower　and　surer　process　of　starvation；　I　shall　then　feel　justified　in　resorting　to　the　harshest　measures；　and　shall　make　little　effort　to　restrain　my　armyburning　to　avenge　the　national　wrong　which　they　attach　to　Savannah　and　other　large　cities　which　have　been　so　prominent　in　dragging　our　country　into　civil　war。　　I　inclose　you　a　copy　of　General　Hood's　demand　for　the　surrender　of　the　town　of　Resaoa；　to　be　used　by　you　for　what　it　is　worth。　I　have　the　honor　to　be　your　obedient　servant；

W。　T。　SHERMAN；　Major…General。



HEADQUARTERS　DEPARTMENT　SOUTH　CAROLINA；　GEORGIA　AND　FLORIDA　SAVANNAH；　GEORGIA；　December　17；　1864

Major…General　W。　T。　SHERMAN；　commanding　Federal　Forces　near　Savannah；　Georgia。

GENERAL：　I　have　to　acknowledge　the　receipt　of　a　communication　from　you　of　this　date；　in　which　you　demand　〃the　surrender　of　Savannah　and　its　dependent　forts；〃　on　the　ground　that　you　〃have　received　guns　that　can　cast　heavy　and　destructive　shot　into　the　heart　of　the　city；〃　and　for　the　further　reason　that　you　〃have；　for　some　days；　held　and　controlled　every　avenue　by　which　the　people　and　garrison　can　be　supplied。〃　　You　add　that；　should　you　be　〃forced　to　resort　to　assault；　or　to　the　slower　and　surer　process　of　starvation；　you　will　then　feel　justified　in　resorting　to　the　harshest　measures；　and　will　make　little　effort　to　restrain　your　army；〃　etc。；　etc。　　The　position　of　your　forces　（a　half…mile　beyond　the　outer　line　for　the　land…　defense　of　Savannah）　is；　at　the　nearest　point；　at　least　four　miles　from　the　heart　of　the　city。　　That　and　the　interior　line　are　both　intact。

Your　statement　that　you　have；　for　some　days；　held　and　controlled　every　avenue　by　which　the　people　and　garrison　can　be　supplied；　is　incorrect。　　I　am　in　free　and　constant　communication　with　my　department。

Your　demand　for　the　surrender　of　Savannah　and　its　dependent　forts　is　refused。

With　respect　to　the　threats　conveyed　in　the　closing　paragraphs　of　your　letter　（of　what　may　be　expected　in　case　your　demand　is　not　complied　with）；　I　have　to　say　that　I　have　hitherto　conducted　the　military　operations　intrusted　to　my　direction　in　strict　accordance　with　the　rules　of　civilized　warfare；　and　I　should　deeply　regret　the　adoption　of　any　course　by　you　that　may　force　me　to　deviate　from　them　in　future。　　I　have　the　honor　to　be；　very　respectfully；　your　obedient　servant；

W。　　J。　　HARDEE；　Lieutenant…General。



HEADQUARTERS　MILITARY　DIVISION　OE　THE　MISSISSIPPI；　IN　THE　FIELD；　NEAR　SAVANNAH；　December　18；　1864　8　p。m。

Lieutenant…General　U。　S。　GRANT；　City　Point；　Virginia。

GENERAL：　I　wrote　you　at　length　（by　Colonel　Babcock）　on　the　16th　instant。　　As　I　therein　explained　my　purpose；　yesterday　I　made　a　demand　on　General　Hardee　for　the　surrender　of　the　city　of　Savannah；　and　to…day　received　his　answerrefusing；　copies　of　both　letters　are　herewith　inclosed。　　You　will　notice　that　I　claim　that　my　lines　are　within　easy　cannon…range　of　the　heart　of　Savannah；　but　General　Hardee　asserts　that　we　are　four　and　a　half　miles　distant。　　But　I　myself　have　been　to　the　intersection　of　the　Charleston　and　Georgia　Central　Railroads；　and　the　three…mile　poet　is　but　a　few　yards　beyond；　within　the　line　of　our　pickets。　　The　enemy　has　no　pickets　outside　of　his　fortified　line　（which　is　a　full　quarter　of　a　mile　within　the　three…mile　poet）；　and　I　have　the　evidence　of　Mr。　R。　R。　Cuyler；　President　of　the　Georgia　Central　Railroad　（who　was　a　prisoner　in　our　hands）；　that　the　mile…posts　are　measured　from　the　Exchange；　which　is　but　two　squares　back　from　the　river。　　By　to…morrow　morning　I　will　have　six　thirty…pound　Parrotts　in　position；　and　General　Hardee　will　learn　whether　I　am　right　or　not。　》From　the　left　of　our　line；　which　is　on　the　Savannah　River；　the　spires　can　be　plainly　seen；　but　the　country　is　so　densely　wooded　with　pine　and　live…oak；　and　lies　so　flat；　that　we　can　see　nothing　from　any　other　portion　of　our　lines。　　General　Slocum　feels　confident　that　he　can　make　a　successful　assault　at　one　or　two　points　in　front　of　General　Davis's　（Fourteenth）　corps。　　All　of　General　Howard's　troops　（the　right　wing）　lie　behind　the　Little　Ogeecbee；　and　I　doubt　if　it　can　be　passed　by