the origins of contemporary france-3-第74章

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〃aristocracy。〃　A　guard　is　assigned　to　him。　About　midnight　the　guard　is

overcome；　he　is　carried　off；　and　then　killed　in　spite　of　the

entreaties　of　his　wife　and　son。　The　letter　of　the　municipality　ends

with　the　following：　〃Their　lamentations　pierced　our　hearts。　But；　alas；

who　can　resist　the　French　people　when　aroused？　We　remain；　gentlemen；

very　cordially　yours；　the　municipal　officers　of　Aubagne。〃



＇98＇　This　stage　of　revolution　seems　to　be　sought　after　by　the　secret

communist　revolutionaries　arranging　for　the　break…up　of　formerly

powerful　independent　states　such　as　Germany；　Yougoslavia；　India　etc。

（SR）。



＇99＇　Moniteur；　XIII。　560。　Act　passed　by　the　administrators　of　the

Bouches…du…Rh？ne；　Aug。　3；　〃forbidding　special　collectors　from

henceforth　paying　taxes　with　the　national　treasury。〃　…Ibid。；　744。　A

report　by　Roland。　The　department　of　Var；　having　called　a　meeting　of

commissaries　at　Avignon　to　provide　for　the　defense　of　these　regions；

the　Minister　says：　〃This　step；　subversive　of　all　government；　nullifies

the　general　regulations　of　the　executive　power。〃　　〃Archives

Nationales；〃　F7；　3195。　Deliberation　of　the　three　administrative　bodies

assembled　at　Marseilles；　Nov。　5；　1792。　　Petition　of　Anselme；　a

citizen　of　Avignon；　residing　in　Paris；　Dec。　14。　…　Report　of　the　Saint…

Rémy　affair；　etc。



＇100＇　〃Archives　Nationales；〃　CII。　I。　32。　Official　Report　of　the

Electoral　Assembly　of　Bouches…du…Rh？ne；　Sept。　4。　〃To　defray　the

expenses　of　this　expenditure　the　syndic…attorney　of　the　district　of

Tarascon　is　authorized　to　draw　upon　the　funds　of　public　registry　and

vendor　of　revenue　stamps；　and　in　addition　thereto　on　the　collector　of

direct　taxation。　The　expenses　of　this　expedition　will　be　borne　by　the

anti…revolutionary　agitators　who　have　made　it　necessary。　A　list；

therefore；　is　to　be　drawn　up　and　sent　to　the　National　Assembly。　The

commissioners　will　be　empowered　to　suspend　the　district

administrations；　municipal　officers；　and　generally　all　public

functionaries　who；　through　incivism　　or　improper　conduct；　shall　have

endangered　the　public　weal。　They　may　even　arrest　them　as　well　as

suspected　citizens。　They　will　see　that　the　law　regarding　the　disarming

of　suspected　citizens　and　the　banishment　of　priests　be　faithfully

executed。〃　…　Ibid。；　F7；　3195。　Letter　of　Truchement；　commissary　of　the

department；　Nov。　15。　　Memorandum　of　the　community　of　Eyguières　and

letter　of　the　municipality　of　Eyguières；　Sept。　13。　　Letter　of　M。

Jaubert；　secretary　of　the　Salon　popular　club；　Oct。　22：　〃The　department

of　Bouches…du…Rh？ne　has　for　a　month　past　been　ravaged　by　commissions。

。　。　The　despotism　of　one　is　abolished；　and　we　now　stagger　under　the

much　more　burdensome　yoke　of　a　crowd　of　despots。〃　　Situation　of　the

department　in　September　and　October；　1792　（with　supporting　documents）。



＇101＇　Barbaroux；　〃Mémoires；〃　89。



＇102＇　〃Archives　Nationales；〃　F7；　3196　。　Letters　and　petition　of

citizen　de　Sades；　Nov。；　1792；　　Feb。17；　1793；　and　Ventose　8；　year　III。：

〃Towards　the　middle　of　Sept。；　1792　（old　style）；　some　Marseilles

brigands　broke　into　a　house　of　mine　near　Apt。　Not　content　with

carrying　away　six　loads　of　furniture　。　　。　they　broke　the　mirrors　and

wood…work。〃　The　damage　is　estimated　at　80；000　francs。　Report　of　the

executive　council　according　to　the　official　statement　of　the

municipality　of　Coste。　On　the　27th　of　September　Montbrion；

commissioner　of　the　administration　of　the　Bouche…du…Rh？ne；　sends　two

messengers　to　fetch　the　furniture　to　Apt。　On　reaching　Apt　Montbrion

and　his　colleague　Bergier　have　the　vehicles　unloaded；　putting　the　most

valuable　effects　on　one　cart；　which　they　appropriate　to　themselves；

and　drive　away　with　it　to　some　distance　out　of　sight；　paying　the

driver　out　of　their　own　pockets：　〃No　doubt　whatever　exists　as　to　the

knavery　of　Montbrion　and　Bergier；　administrators　and　commissioners　of

the　administration　of　the　department。〃　　De　Sades；　the　author　of

〃Justine；〃　pleads　his　well…known　civism　and　the　ultra…revolutionary

petitions　drawn　up　by　him　in　the　name　of　the　section　of　the　Pikes。



＇103＇　〃Archives　Nationales；〃　F7；　3272。　Read　in　this　file　the　entire

correspondence　of　the　directory　and　the　public　prosecutor。



＇104＇　Deliberation　of　the　commune　of　Toulon。　July　28　and　following

days。　　That　of　the　three　administrative　bodies；　Sep。　10　

Lauvergne；　〃Histoire　du　department　du　Var；〃　104…137。



＇105＇　〃Mémoires〃　of　Chancelier　Pasquier。　Vol。　I。　p。　106。　Librarie

Plon；　　Paris　1893　…　Pasquier　and　his　wife　stopped　in　Picardy；　brought

to　Paris　by　a　member　of　the　commune；　a　small；　bandy…legged　fellow

formerly　a　chair…letter　in　his　parish　church；　imbued　with　the

doctrines　of　the　day　and　a　determined　leveler。　At　the　village　of

Saralles　they　passed　the　house　of　M。　de　Livry；　a　rich　man　enjoying　an

income　of　50；000　francs；　and　the　lover　of　Saunier；　an　opera…dancer。

〃He　is　a　good　fellow；〃　exclaims　Pasquier's　bandy…legged　guardian：　〃we

have　just　made　hint　marry。　Look　here；　we　said　to　him；　it　is　time　that

to　put　a　stop　to　that　behavior！　Down　with　prejudice！　Marquises　and

dancers　ought　to　marry　each　other。　He　made　her　his　wife；　and　it　is

well　he　did；　otherwise　he　would　have　been　done　for　a　long　time　ago；　or

caged　behind　the　Luxembourg　walls。〃　…　Elsewhere；　on　passing　a　chateau

being　demolished；　the　former　chair…letter　quotes　Rousseau：　〃For　every

chateau　that　falls；　twenty　cottages　rise　in　its　place。〃　His　mind　was

stored　with　similar　phrases　and　tirades；　uttered　by　him　as　the

occasion　warranted。　This　man　may　be　considered　as　an　excellent

specimen　of　the　average　Jacobin。



＇106＇　〃Archives　Nationales；〃　F7；　3；207。　Letter　of　the　administrators

of　the　C？te　d'Or　to　the　Minister；　Oct。　6；　1792。



＇107＇　　〃Archives　Nationales〃　F7；　3195。　　Letter　of　the　administrators

of　the　Bouche…du…Rh？ne；　Oct　29；　and　the　Minister's　answer　on　the

margin。



＇108＇　　〃Archives　Nationales；〃　F7；　3249。　　Letter　of　the　administrators

of　the　Orne；　Sept。　7；　and　the　Minister's　reply　noted　on　the　margin。



＇109＇　〃Archives　Nationales；〃　F'；　3；249。　Correspondence　with　the

municipality　of　Saint…Firmin　（Oise）。　Letter　of　Roland；　Dec。　3：　〃I　have

read　the　letter　addressed　to　me　on　the　25th　of　the　past　month；　and　I

cannot　conceal　from　you　the　pain　it　gives　me　to　find　in　it　principles

so　destructive　of　all　the　ties　of　subordination　existing　between

constituted　authorities；　principles　so　erroneous　that　should　the

communes　adopt　them　every　form　of　government　would　be　impossible　and

all　society　broken　up。　Can　the　commune　of　Saint…Firmin；　　indeed；　have

persuaded　itself　that　it　is　sovereign；　as　the　letter　states？　and　have

the　citizens　composing　it　forgotten　that　the　sovereign　is　the　entire

nation；　and　not　the　forty…four　thousandth　part　of　it？　that　Saint…

Firmin　is　simply　a　fraction　of　it；　contributing　its　share　to　endowing

the　deputies　of　the　National　Convention；　the　administrators　of

departments　and　districts　with　the　power　of　acting　for　the　greatest

advantage　of　the　commune；　but　which；　the　moment　it　elects　its　own

administrators　and　agents；　can　no　longer　revoke　the　powers　it　has

bestowed；　without　a　total　subversion　of　order？　etc。〃　　All　the

documents　belonging　to　this　affair　ought　to　be　quoted；　there　is

nothing　more　instructive　or　ludicrous；　and　especially　the　style　of　the

secretary…clerk　of　Saint…Firmin：　　〃We　conjure　you　to　remember　that　the

administrators　of　the　district　of　Senlis　strive　to　play　the　part　of

the　sirens　who　sought　to　enchant　Ulysses。〃



＇110＇　Letter　of　the　central　bureau　of　the　Rouen　sections；　Aug。　30。



＇111＇　〃Archives　Nationales；〃　F7；　3195。　Letter　of　the　three

administrative　bodies　and　commissaries　of　the　sections　of　Marseilles；

Nov。　15；　1792。　Letter　of　the　electors　of　Bouches…du…Rh？ne；　Nov。　28。　

（Forms　of　politeness　are　omitted　at　the　end　of　these　letters；　and　no

doubt　purposely。）　Roland　replies　（Dec。　31）：　〃While　fully　admiring　the

civism　of　the　brave　Marseilles　people；　。　。　。　do　not　fully　agree　with

you　on　the　exercise　of　popular　Sovereignty。〃　He　ends　by　stating　that

all　their　letters　with　replies　have　been　transmitted　to　the　deputies

of　the　Bouches…du…Rh？ne；　and　that　the　latter　are　in　accord　with　him

and　will　arrange　matters。







CHAPTER　III。



I。



The　second　stage　of　the　Jacobin　conquest。　　The　importance　and

multitude　of　vacant　offices。



The　second　stage　of　the　Jacobin　conquest　will；＇1＇　after　August　10th

and　during　the　next　three　months；　extend　and　multiply　all　vacancies

from　the　top　to　the　bottom　of　the　hierarchy；　for　the　purpose　of

filling　them　with　their　own　men。　　In　the　first　place；　the　faction

（the　party）　installs　representatives　on　the　summits　of　public

authority　which　represent　itself　alone；　seven　hundred　and　forty…nine

omnipotent　deputies；　in　a　Convention　which；　curbed　neither　by

collateral　powers　nor　by　a　previously　established　constitution；

disposes　at　pleasure　of　the　property；　the　lives　and　the　consciences　of

all　French　people。　　　Then；　through　this　barely　installed　convention；

it　decrees　the　complete　renewal＇2＇　of　all　administrative　and　judicial

bodies；　councils　and　directories　of　departments；　councils　and　communal

municipalities；　civil；　criminal　and　commercial　tribunals；　justices　and

their　assistants　in　the　lower　courts；　deputies　of　the　justices；

national　commissaries　of　the　civil　courts；　with　secretaries　and

bailiffs　belonging　to　the　various　tribunals　and　administrations。＇3＇

The　obligation　of　having　practiced　as　a　lawyer　is　abolished　by　the

same　stroke；　so　that　the　first　comer；　if　he　belongs　to　the　club

（party）　may　become　a　judge　without　knowing　how　to　write；　and　even

without　being　able　to　read。＇4＇　　　Just　before　this　the　staff　of　the

National　Guard；　in　all　towns　above　fifty　thousand　souls；　and

afterwards　in　all　the　towns　on　the　frontier；　has　again　passed　through

the　electoral　sieve。＇5＇　In　like　manner；　the　officers　of　the

gendarmerie　at　Paris　and　throughout　France　once　more　undergo　an

election　by　their　men。　Finally；　all　post…masters　and　post…office

comptrollers　have　to　submit　to　election。　　　Even　better；　below　or

alongside　the　elected　officials；　this　administrative　purge　concerns

all　non…elective　functionaries　and　employees；　no　matter　how

insignificant　their　service；　however　feeble　and　indirect　their　office

may　be　connected　with　political　matters。　This　is　because　tax　receivers

and　assessors；　directors　and　other　agents　of　rivers　and　forests；

engineers；　notaries；　attorneys；　clerks　and　scribes　belonging　to　the

administrative　branch；　are　all　subject　to　dismissal　if　they　do　not

obtain　a　certificate　of　civism　from　their　municipality。　At　Troyes；　out

of　fifteen　notaries；　it　is　refused　to　four；＇6＇　which　leaves　four

places　to　be　filled　by　their　Jacobin　clerks。　At　Paris；＇7＇　〃all　honest

folks；　all　clerks　who　are　educated；〃　are　driven　out　of　the　navy

offices；　the　war　department　is　getting　to　be　〃a　den　where　everybody　on

duty　wears　a　red　cap；　where　all　thee…and…thou　each　other；　even　the

Minister；　where　four