the origins of contemporary france-3-第42章

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official　report　by　M。　Borie）。　　The　bibliography　of　documents

relating　to　the　20th　of　June　is　given　by　Mortimer…Ternaux；　I。　397　and

following　pages。　The　principal　documents　are　found　in　Mortimer…

Ternaux；　in　〃L'Histoire　Parlementaire〃　of　Buchez　et　Roux；　and　in　the

Revue　Rétrospective。



＇33＇　〃Correspondance　de　Mirabeau　et　M。　de　la　Marck；〃　　III。　319。　Letter

of　the　Count　de　Montmorin；　June　21；　1792。　〃The　Paris　bandits　not　being

sufficient；　they　have　invited　in　these　of　the　neighboring　villages。〃



＇34＇　Reports　of　the　municipal　officers　Perron　（7　o'clock　in　the

morning）；　Sergent　（8　o'clock）；　Mouchet；　Gujard；　and　Thomas　（9

o'clock）。



＇35＇　Report　of　Saint　Prix；　commandant　of　the　Val…de…Grace　battalion

（10　o'clock　In　the　morning）。　　Report　of　Alexandre；　commanding　the

Saint…Marcel　battalion。　〃The　whole　battalion　was　by　no　means　ready　to

march。〃　　Official　report　of　the　Montreuil　section。　Bonneau；　the

commander　concludes　to　march　only　under　protest　and　to　avoid　spilling

blood。



＇36＇　Deposition　of　Lareyrnie；　a　volunteer　soldier　of　the　Ile　Saint…

Louis　battalion。



＇37＇　Deposition　of　M。　Witinghof；　lieutenant…general。　

〃Correspondence　of　Mirabeau　and　M。　de　la　Marck。〃　Letter　of　M。　de

Montmorin；　June　21。　〃At　two　o'clock　the　gathering　amounted　to　8；000　or

10；000　persons。〃



＇38＇　Moniteur；　XII。　717。　〃What　a　misfortune　for　the　freemen　who　have

transferred　their　powers　to　you；　to　find　themselves　reduced　to　the

cruel　necessity　of　dipping　their　hands　in　the　blood　of　conspirators！〃

etc。　　The　character　of　the　leaders　is　apparent　in　their　style。　The

incompetent　copyist　who　drew　up　the　address　did　not　even　know　the

meaning　of　words。　〃The　people　so　wills　it；　and　its　head　is　of　more

account　than　that　of　crowned　despots。　That　head　is　the　genealogical

tree　of　the　nation；　and　before　that　robust　head　the　feeble　reed　must

bend！〃　He　has　already　recited　the　fable　of　〃The　Oak　and　the　Bulrush；〃

and　he　knows　　the　names　of　Demosthenes；　Cicero；　and　Catiline。　It　seems

to　be　the　composition　of　a　school　master　turned　public　letter　writer；

at　a　penny　a　page。



＇39＇　Hua；　〃Mémoires；〃　134。



＇40＇　Moniteur；　XII。　718。



＇41＇　　〃Chronique　des　cinquante　jours；〃　by　R？derer；　syndic…attorney　of

the　department。



＇42＇　Hua；　134。　　Bourrienne；　〃Mémoires；〃　I。　49。　（He　was　with

Bonaparte　in　a　restaurant；　rue　Saint…Honoré；　near　the　Palais…Royal。）

〃On　going　out　we　saw　a　troop　coming　from　the　direction　of　the　market；

which　Bonaparte　estimated　at　from　5；000　to　6；000　men；　all　in　rags　and

armed　in　the　oddest　manner；　yelling　and　shouting　the　grossest

provocations；　and　turning　towards　the　Tuileries。　It　was　certainly　the

vilest　and　most　abject　lot　that　could　be　found　in　the　faubourgs。　'Let

us　follow　that　rabble；'　said　Bonaparte　to　me。〃　They　ascend　the　terrace

on　the　river　bank。　　〃I　could　not　easily　describe　the　surprise　and

indignation　which　these　scenes　excited　in　him。　He　did　not　like　so　much

weakness　and　forbearance。　'Che　coglione！　he　exclaimed　in　a　loud　tone。

'How　could　they　let　those　rascals　in？　　Four　or　five　hundred　of　them

ought　to　have　been　swept　off　with　cannon；　and　the　rest　would　still　be

running！'〃



＇43＇　〃Chronique　des　cinquante　jours；〃　by　R？derer。　…　Deposition　of

Lareynie。



＇44＇　Deposition　of　　Lareynie。



＇45＇　Report　of　Saint…Prix。



＇46＇　Report　by　Mouchet。　　Deposition　of　Lareynie。　（The　interference

of　Sergent　and　Boucher…Réne　is　contested；　but　Raederer　thinks　it　very

probable。）



＇47＇　M。　Pinon；　in　command　of　the　5th　legion；　and　M。　Vannot；　commanding

a　battalion；　tried　to　shut　the　iron　gate　of　the　archway；　but　are

driven　back　and　told：　〃You　want　thousands　to　perish；　do　you；　to　save

one　man？〃　This　significant　expression　is　heard　over　and　over　again

during　the　Revolution；　and　it　explains　the　success　of　the

insurrections。　　Alexandre；　in　command　of　the　Saint…Marcel　battalion；

says　in　his　report：　〃Why　make　a　resistance　which　can　be　of　no

usefulness　to　the　public；　one　which　may　even　compromise　it　a　great

deal　more？。。。〃



＇48＇　Deposition　of　Lareynie。　The　attitude　of　Santerre　is　here　clearly

defined。　At　the　foot　of　the　staircase　in　the　court　he　is　stopped　by　a

group　of　citizens；　who　threaten　〃to　make　him　responsible　for　any　harm

done；〃　and　tell　him：　〃You　alone　are　the　author　of　this

unconstitutional　assemblage；　it　is　you　alone　who　have　led　away　these

worthy　people。　You　are　a　rascal！〃　…　〃The　tone　of　these　honest　citizens

in　addressing　the　sieur　Santerre　made　him　turn　pale。　But；　encouraged

by　a　glance　from　the　sieur　Legendre；　he　resorted　to　a　hypocritical

subterfuge；　and　addressing　the　troop；　he　said：　'Gentlemen；　draw　up　a

report；　officially　stating　that　I　refuse　to　enter　the　king's

apartments。'　The　only　answer　the　crowd　made；　accustomed　to　divining

what　Santerre　meant；　was　to　hustle　the　group　of　honest　citizens　out　of

the　way。



＇49＇　Depositions　of　four　of　the　national　guard；　Lecrosnier；　Gossé；

Bidault；　and　Guiboult。　　Reports　of　Acloque　and　de　Lachesnaye；

commanding　officers　of　the　legion。　　〃Chronique　des　cinquante　jours；〃

by　R？derer。　…　Ibid。　p。65：　〃I　have　to　state　that；　during　the

Convention；　the　butcher　Legendre　declared　to　Boissy　d'Anglas；　from

whom　I　had　it；　that　the　plan　was　to　kill　the　king。〃　　Prudhomme；

〃Crimes　de　la　Révolution；〃　III。43。　〃The　king　was　to　be　assassinated。

We　heard　citizens　all　in　rags　say　that　it　was　a　pity；　he　looks　like　a

good　sort　of　a　bastard。〃



＇50＇　Madame　Campan；　〃Mémoires；〃　II。　212。　〃M。　Vannot；　commander　of　the

battalion；　had　turned　aside　a　weapon　aimed　at　the　king。　One　of　the

grenadiers　of　the　Filles…Saint…Thomas　warded　off　a　blow　with　a　sword；

aimed　in　the　same　direction　with　the　same　intention。〃



＇51＇　Declaration　of　Lachesnaye；　in　command　of　the　legion。　…　Moniteur；

XII。　719　（evening　session　of　June　20）。　Speech　of　M。　Alos；　an　eye…

witness。　（The　king　does　this　twice；　using　about　the　same　words；　the

first　time　immediately　on　the　irruption　of　the　crowd；　and　the　second

time　probably　after　Vergniaud's　harangue。）　Declaration　of　Lachesnaye；

in　command　of　the　legion。　…　Moniteur；　　XII。　719　（evening　session　of

June　20）。　Speech　of　M。　Alos；　an　eye…witness。　（The　king　does　this

twice；　using　about　the　same　words；　the　first　time　immediately　on　the

irruption　of　the　crowd；　and　the　second　time　probably　after　Vergniaud's

harangue。）



＇52＇　The　engraving　in　the　〃Révolutions　de　Paris〃　represents　him

seated；　and　separated　from　the　crowd　by　an　empty　space；　that　is　a

falsehood　of　the　party。。



＇53＇　The　queen　produces　the　same　impression。　Prudhomme；　in　his

journal；　calls　her　〃the　Austrian　panther；〃　which　word　well　expresses

the　idea　of　her　in　the　faubourgs。　A　prostitute　stops　before　her　and

bestows　on　her　a　volley　of　curses。　The　reply　of　the　queen　is：　〃Have　I

ever　done　you　any　wrong？〃　〃No；　but　it　is　you　who　do　so　much　harm　to

the　nation。〃　You　have　been　deceived；〃　replies　the　queen。　〃I　married

the　King　of　France。　I　am　the　mother　of　the　dauphin。　I　am　a　French

woman。　I　shall　never　again　see　my　own　country。　I　shall　never　be　either

happy　or　miserable　anywhere　but　in　France。　When　you　loved　me　I　was

happy　then。〃　The　prostitute　burst　into　tears。　〃Ah。　Madame；　forgive　me！

I　did　not　know　you。　I　see　that　you　have　been　very　good。〃　　Santerre；

however；　wishing　to　put　an　end　to　this　emotion；　cries　out：　〃The　girl

is　drunk　〃　…（Madame　Campan；　II。　214。　…　Report　by　Mandat；　an　officer　of

the　legion。）



＇54＇　Mortimer…Ternaux；　I。　213。　〃Citizens；　you　have　just　legally　made

known　your　will　to　the　hereditary　representative　of　the　nation；　you

have　done　this　with　the　dignity；　with　the　majesty　　of　　a　free　people！

There　is　no　doubt　that　your　demands　will　be　reiterated　by　the　eighty…

three　departments；　while　the　king　cannot　refrain　from　acquiescing　in

the　manifest　will　of　the　people。　。　。　　Retire　now；　。　。　。　and　if　you

remain　any　longer；　do　not　give　occasion　to　anything　which　may

incriminate　your　worthy　intentions。〃











CHAPTER　VI。　The　Birth　of　the　Terrible　Paris　Commune。







I。



Indignation　of　the　Constitutionalists。　　Cause　of　their　weakness。　…

The　Girondins　renew　the　attack。　　　Their　double　plan。



As　the　blow　has　missed　the　target；　it　must　be　repeated。　This　is　the

more　urgent；　inasmuch　as　the　faction　has　thrown　off　the　mask　and

〃honest　people〃＇1＇　on　all　sides　become　indignant　at　seeing　the

Constitution　subject　to　the　arbitrariness　of　the　lowest　class。　Nearly

all　the　higher　administrative　bodies；　seventy…five　of　the　department

directories；＇2＇　give　in　their　adhesion　to　Lafayette's　letter；　or

respond　by　supporting　the　proclamation；　so　noble　and　so　moderate；　in

which　the　King；　recounting　the　violence　done　to　him；　maintains　his

legal　rights　with　mournful；　inflexible　gentleness。　Many　of　the　towns；

large　and　small；　thank　him　for　his　firmness；　the　addresses　being

signed　by　〃the　notables　of　the　place；〃＇3＇　chevaliers　of　St。　Louis；

former　officials；　judges　and　district…administrators；　physicians；

notaries；　lawyers；　recorders；　post…masters；　manufacturers；　merchants；

people　who　are　settled　down；　in　short　the　most　prominent　and　the　most

respected　men。　　At　Paris；　a　similar　petition；　drawn　up　by　two　former

Constituents；　contains　247　pages　of　signatures　attested　by　99

notaries。＇4＇　　Even　in　the　council…general　of　the　commune　a　majority　is

in　favor　of　publicly　censuring　the　mayor　Pétion；　the　syndic…attorney

Manuel；　and　the　police　administrators　Panis；　Sergent；　Viguer；　and

Perron。＇5＇　　On　the　evening　of　June　20th；　the　department　council　orders

an　investigation；　it　follows　this　up；　it　urges　it　on；　it　proves　by

authentic　documents　the　willful　inaction；　the　hypocritical　connivance；

the　double…dealing　of　the　syndic…attorney　and　the　mayor；＇6＇　it

suspends　both　from　their　functions；　and　cites　them　before　the　courts

as　well　as　Santerre　and　his　accomplices。　　Lafayette；　finally；　adding

to　the　weight　of　his　opinion　the　influence　of　his　presence；　appears　at

the　bar　of　the　National　Assembly　and　demands　〃effectual〃　measures

against　the　usurpations　of　the　Jacobin　sect；　insisting　that　the

instigators　of　the　riot　of　the　20th　of　June　be　punished　〃as　guilty　of

lése…nation。〃　　As　a　last　and　still　more　significant　symptom；　his

proceedings　are　approved　of　in　the　Assembly　by　a　majority　of　more　than

one　hundred　votes。＇7＇



All　this　must　and　will　be　crushed　out。　　For　on　the　side　of　the

Constitutionalists；　whatever　they　may　be；　whether　King；　deputies；

ministers；　generals；　administrators；　notables　or　national…guards；　the

will　to　act　evaporates　in　words；　and　the　reason　is；　they　are　civilized

beings；　long　accustomed　to　the　ways　of　a　regular　community；　interested

from　father　to　son　in　keeping　the　law；　disconcerted　at　the　thought　of

consequences；　upset　by　multifaceted　ideas；　unable　to　comprehend　that；

in　the　state　of　nature　to　which　France　has　reverted；　but　one　idea　is

of　any　account；　that　of　the　man　who；　in　accepting　a　declared　war；

meets　the　offensive　with　the　offensive；　loads　his　g