the origins of contemporary france-3-第29章

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ought　to　be　free　。　。　。　I　disdain　to　speak　of　other　princes。　。　。　That

King　of　Sweden；　who　has　only　twenty…five　millions　income；　and　who

spends　two…thirds　of　it　in　poor　pay　for　an　army　of　generals　and　a

small　number　of　discontented　soldiers。　。　。　As　to　that　princess

（Catherine　II。）；　whose　dislike　of　the　French　constitution　is　well

known；　and　who　is　about　as　good　looking　as　Elizabeth；　she　cannot

expect　greater　success　than　Elizabeth　in　the　Dutch　revolution。〃

（Brissot；　in　this　last　passage；　tries　to　appear　at　once　witty　and　well

read。）



＇51＇　Letter　of　Roland　to　the　king；　June　10；　1792；　and　letter　of　the

executive　council　to　the　pope；　Nov。　25；　1792。　Letter　of　Madame　Roland

to　Brissot；　Jan。　7；　1791。　〃Briefly；　adieu。　Cato's　wife　need　not

gratify　herself　by　complimenting　　Brutus。〃



＇52＇　Buchez　et　Roux；　XII。　410　（meeting　of　the　Jacobin　club；　Dec。　10；

1791）。　〃A　Louis　XIV。　declares　war　against　Spain；　because　his

ambassador　had　been　insulted　by　the　Spanish　ambassador。　And　we；　who

are　free；　might　hesitate　for　an　instant！〃



＇53＇　Moniteur；　X；　503　（session　of　Nov。29）。　The　Assembly　orders　this

speech　to　be　printed　and　distributed　in　the　departments。



＇54＇　Moniteur　；　X。　762　（session　of　Dec。　28）。



＇55＇　Moniteur；　XI。　147；　149　（session　of　Jan。17）；　X。　759　（session　of

Dec。　28）。　　Already；　on　the　10th　of　December；　he　had　declared　at　the

Jacobin　club：　〃A　people　that　has　conquered　its　freedom；　after　ten

centuries　of　slavery；　needs　war。　War　is　essential　to　it　for　its

consolidation。〃　（Buchez　et　Roux；　XII。　410）。　　On　the　17th　of　January；

in　the　tribune；　he　again　repeats：　〃I　have　only　one　fear；　and　that　is；

that　we　may　not　have　war。〃



＇56＇　Moniteur；　XI。　119　（session　of　Jan。13）。　Speech　by　Gensonné；　in　the

name　of　the　diplomatic　committee；　of　which　he　is　the　reporter。



＇57＇　Moniteur；　XI。　158　（session　of　Jan。　18）。　　The　Assembly　orders　the

printing　of　this　speech。



＇58＇　Moniteur；　XI。　760　（session　of　Dec。　28）。



＇59＇　Moniteur；　XI。　149　（session　of　Jan。　17）。　Speech　by　Brissot。



＇60＇　Moniteur；　XI。　178　（session　of　Jan。20）。　Fauchet　proposes　the

following　decree：　〃All　partial　treaties　actually　existent　are　declared

void。　The　National　Assembly　substitutes　in　their　place　alliances　with

the　English；　the　Anglo…American；　the　Swiss；　Polish；　and　Dutch　nations；

as　long　as　they　will　be　free　。　。　When　other　nations　want　our　alliance；

they　have　only　to　conquer　their　freedom　to　have　it。　Meanwhile；　this

will　not　prevent　us　from　having　relations　with　them；　as　with　good

natured　savages　。　。　。　Let　us　occupy　the　towns　in　the　neighborhood

which　bring　our　adversaries　too　near　us　。　。　。　Mayence；　Coblentz；　and

Worms　are　sufficient〃　…　Ibid。；；　p。215　（session　of　Jan。25）。　One　of　the

members；　supporting　himself　with　the　authority　of　Gélon；　King　of

Syracuse；　proposes　an　additional　article：　〃We　declare　that　we　will　not

lay　down　our　arms　until　we　shall　have　established　the　freedom　of　all

peoples。〃　These　stupidities　show　the　mental　condition　of　the　Jacobin

party。



＇61＇　The　decree　is　passed　Jan。　25。　The　alliance　between　Prussia　and

Austria　takes　place　Feb。　7　（De　Bourgoing；　〃Histoire　diplomatique　de

l'Europe　pendant　la　Révolution　Fran？aise；〃　I。　457）。



＇62＇　Albert　Sorel；　〃La　Mission　du　Comte　de　Ségur　à　Berlin〃　（published

in　the　Temps；　Oct。　15；　1878）。　Dispatch　of　M。　de　Ségur　to　M。　Delessart；

Feb。　24；　1792。　Count　Schulemburg　repeated　to　me　that　they　had　no

desire　whatever　to　meddle　with　our　constitution。　But；　said　he　with

singular　animation；　we　must　guard　against　　gangrene。　Prussia　is；

perhaps；　the　country　which　should　fear　it　least；　nevertheless；　however

remote　a　gangrened　member　may　be；　it　is　better　to　it　off　than　risk

one's　life。　How　can　you　expect　to　secure　tranquility；　when　thousands

of　writers　every　day　。　。　。　　mayors；　office…holders；　insult　kings；　and

publish　that　the　Christian　religion　has　always　supported　despotism；

and　that　we　shall　be　free　only　by　destroying　it；　and　that　all　princes

must　be　exterminated　because　they　are　all　tyrants？〃



＇63＇　　A　popular　jig　of　these　revolutionary　times；　danced　in　the

streets　and　on　the　public　squares。　…TR。



＇64＇　Buchez　et　Roux；　XXV。　203　（session　of　April　3；　1793）。　Speech　by

Brissot。　…Ibid。；　XX。　127。　　〃A　tous　les　Républicains　de　France；　par

Brissot；〃　Oct。　24；　1792。　〃In　declaring　war；　I　had　in　view　the

abolition　of　royalty。〃　He　refers；　in　this　connection；　to　his　speech　of

Dec。　30；　1791；　where　he　says；　〃I　fear　only　one　thing；　and　that　is；

that　we　shall　not　be　betrayed。　We　need　treachery；　for　strong　doses　of

poison　still　exist　in　the　heart　of　France；　and　heavy　explosions　are

necessary　to　clear　it　out。〃



＇65＇　　Mallet　du　Pan；　〃Mémoires；〃　I。　260　（April；　1792）；　and　I。　439

（July；　1792）。



＇66＇　　Any　revolutionary　leader；　from　Lenin；　through　Stalin　to　Andropov

may　confirm　the　advantage　of　acting　in　secret。　（SR）。



＇67＇　〃The　French　Revolution；〃　I。　262　and　following　pages。



＇68＇　　Buchez　et　Roux；　XIII。　92…99　（January；　1792）；　（February）。　

Coral；　〃Lettres　inédites；〃　33。　（One　of　these　days；　out　of　curiosity；

he　walked　along　as　far　as　the　Rue　des　Lombards。）　〃Witness　of　such

crying　injustice；　and　indignant　at　not　being　able　to　seize　any　of　the

thieves　that　were　running　along　the　street；　loaded　with　sugar　and

coffee　to　sell　again；　I　suddenly　felt　a　feverish　chill　over　all　my

body。〃　（The　letter　is　not　dated。　The　editors　conjectures　that　the　year

was　1791。　I　rather　think　that　it　was　1792。）



＇69＇　　Moniteur；　　XI。　45　and　46　（session　of　Jan。　5）。　The　whole　of

Isnard's　speech　should　be　read。



＇70＇　　Buchez　et　Roux；　XIII。　177。　Letter　by　Pétion；　Feb。　10。



＇71＇　Buchez　et　Roux；　XIII。　252。　Letter　of　André　Chénier；　in　the

Journal　de　Paris；　　Feb。　26。　…　Schmidt；　〃Tableaux　de　la　Révolution

Franaise；〃　I。　76。　Reply　of　the　Directory　of　the　Department　of　the

Seine　to　a　circular　by　Roland；　June　12；　1792。　The　contrast　between　the

two　classes　is　here　clearly　defined。　〃We　have　not　resorted　to　those

assemblages　of　men；　most　of　them　foreigners；　for　the　opinion　of　the

people；　among　the　enemies　of　labor　and　repose　standing　by　themselves

and　having　no　part　in　common　interests；　already　inclined　to　vice

through　idleness；　and　who　prefer　the　risks　of　disorder　to　the

honorable　resources　of　indigence。　This　class　of　men；　always　large　in

large　cities；　is　that　whose　noisy　harangues　fill　the　streets；　Squares；

and　public　gardens　of　the　capital；　that　which　excites　seditious

gatherings；　　that　which　constantly　fosters　anarchy　and　contempt　for

the　laws　　that；　in　fine；　whose　clamor；　far　from　reflecting　public

Opinion；　indicates　the　extreme　effort　made　to　prevent　the　expression

of　public　opinion。　。　。　We　have　studied　the　opinion　of　the　people　of

Paris　among　those　useful　and　laborious　men　warmly　attached　to　the

State　at　all　points　of　their　existence　through　every　object　of　their

affection；　among　owners　of　property；　tillers　of　the　soil；　tradesmen

and　workers　。　。　。　An　inviolable　attachment　。　。　。　to　the　constitution；

and　mainly　to　national　Sovereignty；　to　political　equality　and

constitutional　monarchy；　which　are　its　most　important　characteristics

and　their　almost　unanimous　sentiment。〃



＇72＇　Governor　Morris；　letter　of　June　20；　1792。



＇73＇　〃Souvenirs〃；　by　Pasquier　（Etienne…Dennis；　duc）；　chancelier　de

France。　in　VI　volumes；　Librarie　Plon；　　Paris　1893。　Vol。　I。　page　84。



＇74＇　Malouet；　II。　203。　Every　report　that　came　in　from　the　provinces

announced　（to　the　King　and　Queen）　a　perceptible　amelioration　of　public

opinion；　which　was　becoming　more　and　more　perverted。　That　which

reached　them　was　uninfluenced；　whilst　the　opinions　of　clubs；　taverns；

and　street…corners　gained　enormous　power；　the　time　being　at　hand　when

there　was　to　be　no　other　power。〃　　The　figures　given　above　are　by

Mallet　du　Pan；　〃Mémoires；〃　II。　120。



＇75＇　Moniteur；　XII。　776　（session　of　June　28）。　Speech　by　M。　Lamarque；

in　a　district　court：　〃The　incivism　of　the　district　courts　in　general

is　well　known。〃



＇76＇　Bertand　de　Molleville；　〃Mémoires；〃　VI。　22。　　After　having

received　the　above　instructions　from　the　King；　Bertrand　calls　on　the

Queen；　who　makes　the　same　remark：　〃Do　you　not　think　that　fidelity　to

one's　oath　is　the　only　plan　to　pursue？〃　　〃Yes；　Madame；　certainly。〃

〃Very　well；　rest　assured　that　we　shall　not　waver。　Come；　M。　Bertrand；

take　courage；　I　hope　that　with　firmness；　patience；　and　what　comes　of

that；　all　is　not　yet　lost。〃



＇77＇　M。　de　Lavalette；　〃Mémoires；〃　I。　100。　　　Lavalette；　in　the

beginning　of　September；　1792；　enlists　as　a　volunteer　and　sets　out；

along　with　two　friends；　carrying　his　knapsack　on　his　back；　dressed　in

a　short　and　wearing　a　forage　cap。　　The　following　shows　the　sentiments

of　the　peasantry：　In　a　village　of　makers　of　wooden　shoes；　near

Vermanton　（in　the　vicinity　of　Autun）；　〃two　days　before　our　arrival　a

bishop　and　two　vicars；　who　were　escaping　in　a　carriage；　were　stopped

by　them。　They　rummaged　the　vehicle　and　found　some　hundreds　of　francs；

and；　to　avoid　returning　these；　they　thought　it　best　to　massacre　their

unfortunate　owners。　This　sort　of　occupation　seeming　more　lucrative　to

these　good　people　than　the　other　one；　they　were　on　the　look…out　for

all　wayfarers。〃　The　three　volunteers　are　stopped　by　a　little　hump…

backed　official　and　conducted　to　the　municipality；　a　sort　of　market；

where　their　passports　are　read　and　their　knapsacks　are　about　to　be

examined。　〃We　were　lost；　when　d'Aubonnes；　who　was　very　tall　jumped　on

the　table。　。　。　and　began　with　a　volley　of　imprecations　and　market

slang　which　took　his　hearers　by　surprise。　Soon　raising　his　style；　he

launched　out　in　patriotic　terms；　liberty；　sovereignty　of　the　people；

with　such　vehemence　and　in　so　loud　a　voice；　as　to　suddenly　effect　a

great　change　and　bring　down　thunders　of　applause。　　But　the　crazy

fellow　did　not　stop　there。　Ordering　Leclerc　de　la　Ronde　imperiously　to

mount　on　the　table；　he　addressed　the　assemblage：　〃You　shall　see

whether　we　are　not　Paris　republicans。　Now；　sir；　say　your　republican

catechism　…　'What　is　God？　what　are　the　People？　and　what　is　a　King？'

His　friend；　with　an　air　of　contrition　and　in　a　nasal　tone　of　voice；

twisting　himself　about　like　a　harlequin；　replies：　'God　is　matter；　the

People　are　the　poor；　and　the　King　is　a　lion；　a　tiger；　an　elephant　who

tears　to　pieces；　devours；　and　crushes　the　people　down。'〃　　〃They

could　no　longer　restrain　themselves。　The　shouts；　cries；　and　enthusiasm

were　unbounded。　They　embraced　the　actors；　hugged　them；　and　bore　them

away。　　Each　strove　to　carry　us　home　with　him；　and　we　had　to　drink　all

round〃



＇78＇　The　reader　will　meet　the　French　expression　sans…culottes　again

and　again　in　Taine's　or　any　other　book　about　the　French　revolution。

The　nobles　wore　a　kind　of　breeches　terminating　under　the　knee　while

tight　long　stockings；　fastened　to　the　trousers；　exposed　their　calves。

The　male　leg　was　as　important　an　adornment　for　the　nobles　as　it　was　to

be　for　the　women　in　the　20th　Century。　The　poor；　on　the　other　hand；