the origins of contemporary france-3-第13章
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has 2;588; Sergent receives 1;648。 Buchez et Roux; XI。 238 (session
of Aug。12; 1791)。 Speech by Chapelier; 〃Archives Nationales;〃 F。6
(carton); 21。 Primary meeting of June 13; 1791; canton of Bèze (Cote
d'Or)。 Out of 460 active citizens; 157 are present; and; on the final
ballot; 58。 Ibid。; F7; 3235; (January; 1792)。 Lozerre: 〃1;000
citizens; at most; out of 25;000; voted in the primary meetings。 At。
Saint…Chèly; capital of the district; a few armed ruffians succeed in
forming the primary meeting and in substituting their own election for
that of eight parishes; whose frightened citizens who withdrew from
it。 。 。 At Langogne; chief town of the canton and district; out of
more than 400 active citizens; 22 or 23 at most just what one would
suppose them to be when their presence drove away the rest alone
formed the meeting。〃
'13' This power; with its gratifications; is thus shown; Beugnot; I。
140; 147。 〃On the publication of the decrees of August 4; the
committee of surveillance of Montigny; reinforced by all the patriots
of the country; came down like a torrent on the barony of Choiseul;
and exterminated all the hares and partridges。 。 。 They fished out the
ponds 。 At Mandres we find; in the best room of the inn; a dozen
peasants gathered around a table decked with tumblers and bottles;
amongst which we noticed an inkstand; pens; and something resembling a
register。 'I don't know what they are about;' said the landlady;
'but there they are; from morning till night; drinking; swearing; and
storming away at everybody; and they say that they are a committee。'〃
'14' Albert Babeau; I。 206; 242。 The first meeting of the
revolutionary committee of Troyes in the cemetery of St。 Jules;
August; 1789。 This committee becomes the only authority in the town;
after the assassination of the mayor; M。 Huez (Sept 10; 1790)。
'15' 〃The French Revolution;〃 Vol。I。 pp。 235; 242; 251。 … Buchez et
Roux; VI; 179。 … Guillon de Montléon; 〃Histoire de la Ville de Lyon
pendant la Revolution;〃 I。 87。 Guadet; 〃Les Girondins。〃
'16' Michelet; 〃Histoire de la Révolution;〃 II。47。
'17' The rules of the Paris club state that members must 〃labor to
establish and strengthen the Constitution; according to the spirit of
the club。〃
'18' Mercure de France; Aug。11; 1790。 〃Journal de la Société des
Amis la Constitution;〃 Nov。21; 1790。 Ibid。; March; 1791。 … Ibid。;
March; 1791。 … Ibid。; Aug。14; 1791 (speech by R?derer) Buchez et
Roux; XI。 481。
'19' Michelet; II。 407。 Moniteur; XII 347 (May 11; 1792); article
by Marie…Joseph Chénier; according to whom 800 Jacobin clubs exist at
this date。 Ibid。; XII。 753 (speech by M。 Delfaux session of June
25; 1792)。 …R?derer; preface to his translation of Hobbes。
'20' 〃Les Révolutions de Paris;〃 by Prudhomme; number 173。
'21' Constant; 〃Histoire d'un Club Jacobin en province; 〃passim
(Fontainbleau Club; founded May 5; 1791)。 Albert Babeau; I。434 and
following pages (foundation of the Troyes Club; Oct 1790)。 Sauzay;
I 206 and following pages (foundation of the Besan?on Club Aug。 28;
1790)。 Ibid。; 214 (foundation of the Pontarlier Club; March; 1791)
'22' Sauzay; I。 214 (April 2; 1791)
'23' 〃Journal des Amis de la Constitution;〃 I。 534 (Letter of the
〃Café National〃 Club of Bordeaux; Jan。29; 1791)。 Guillon de
Monthléon; I。 88。…〃The French Revolution;〃 vol。 I。 128; 242。
'24' Here we have a complete system of propaganda and organizational
tactics identical to those used by the NAZIS; the Marxist…Leninists
and other 'children' of the original communist…Jacobins。 (SR。)
'25' Eugène Hatin; 〃Histoire politique et littéraire de la presse;〃
IV。 210 (with Marat's text in 〃L'Ami 〃I'Ami du peuple;〃 and Fréron's
in 〃l'Orateur du peuple〃)。
'26' Mercure de France; Nov。 27; 1790。
'27' Mercure de France; Sept。 3; 1791 (article by Mallet du Pan)。 〃On
the strength of a denunciation; the authors of which I knew; the
Luxembourg section on the 21st of June; the day of the king's
departure; sent commissaries and a military detachment to my domicile。
There was no judicial verdict; no legal order; either of police…court;
or justice of the peace; no examination whatever preceding this
mission。 。 。 The employees of the section overhauled my papers; books
and letters; transcribing some of the latter; and carried away copies
and the originals; putting seals on the rest; which were left in
charge of two fusiliers。〃
'28' Mercure de France; Aug。 27; 1791 (report by Duport…Dutertre;
Minister of Justice)。 Ibid。; Cf。 numbers of Sept。 8; 1790; and
March 12; 1791。
'29' Sauzay; I。208。 (Petition of the officers of the National Guard of
Besan?on; and observations of the municipal body; Sept。 15; 1790。
Petition of 500 national guards; Dec。 15; 1790)。 Observations of
the district directory; which directory; having authorized the club;
avows that 〃three…quarters〃 of the national guard and a portion of
other citizens 〃are quite hostile to it。〃 Similar petitions at Dax;
Chalons…sur…Sa?ne; etc。; against the local club。
'30' 〃Lettres〃 (manuscript) of M。 Roullé; deputy from Pontivy; to his
constituents (May 1; 1789)。
'31' A rule of the association says: 〃The object of the association is
to discuss questions beforehand which are to be decided by the
National Assembly; 。 。 。 and to correspond with associations of the
same character which may be formed in the kingdom。〃
'32' Grégoires; 〃Mémoires;〃 I。 387。
'33' Malouet; II。 248。 〃I saw counselor Duport; who was a fanatic; and
not a bad man; with two or three others like him; exclaim: 'Terror!
Terror! What a pity that it has become necessary!
'34' Lafayette; 〃Mémoires〃 (in relation to Messieurs de Lameth and
their friends)。 According to a squib of the day: 〃What Duport
thinks; Barnave says and Lameth does〃 This trio was named the
Triumvirate。 Mirabeau; a government man; and a man to whom brutal
disorder was repugnant; called it the Triumgueusat。 (A trinity of
shabby fellows)
'35' Moniteur; V。212; 583。 (Report and speech of Dupont de Nemours;
sessions of July 31 and September 7; 1790。) Vagabonds and ruffians
begin to play their parts in Paris on the 27th of April; 1789 (the
Réveillon affair)。 Already on the 30th of July; 1789; Rivarol
wrote: 〃Woe to whoever stirs up the dregs of a nation! The century
Enlightenment has not touched the populace!〃 In the preface of his
future dictionary; he refers to his articles of this period: 〃There
may be seen the precautions I took to prevent Europe from attributing
to the French nation the horrors committed by the crowd of ruffians
which the Revolution and the gold of a great personage had attracted
to the capital。〃 〃Letter of a deputy to his constituents;〃
published by Duprez; Paris; in the beginning of 1790 (cited by M。 de
Ségur; in the Revue de France; September 1; 1880)。 It relates to the
maneuvers for forcing a vote in favor of confiscating clerical
property。 〃Throughout All…Saints' day (November 1; 1789); drums were
beaten to call together the band known here as the Coadjutors of the
Revolution。 On the morning of November 2; when the deputies went to
the Assembly; they found the cathedral square and all the avenues to
the archbishop's palace; where the sessions were held; filled with an
innumerable crowd of people。 This army was composed of from 20;000 to
25;000 men; of which the greater number had no shoes or stockings;
woollen caps and rags formed their uniform and they had clubs instead
of guns。 They overwhelmed the ecclesiastical deputies with insults; as
they passed on their way; and shouted that they would massacre without
mercy all who would not vote for stripping the clergy。 。 。 Near 300
deputies who were opposed to the motion did not dare attend the
Assembly。 。 。 The rush of ruffians in the vicinity of the hall; their
comments and threats; excited fears of this atrocious project being
carried out。 All who did not feel courageous enough to sacrifice
themselves; avoided going to the Assembly。〃 (The decree was adopted by
378 votes against 346。)
'36' Cf。 〃The Ancient Régime;〃 p。 51。
'37' Malouet; 1。247; 248。 〃Correspondence (manuscript) of M。 de
Sta?l;〃 Swedish Ambassador; with his court; copied from the archives
at Stockholm by M。 Léouzon…le…Duc。 Letter from M。 Sta?l of April 21;
1791: 〃M。 Laclos; secret agent of this wretched prince; (is a) clever
and subtle intriguer。〃 April 24: 〃His agents are more to be feared
than himself。 Through his bad conduct; he is more of a nuisance than
a benefit to his party。
'38' Especially after the king's flight to Varennes; and at the time
of the affair in the Champ de Mars。 The petition of the Jacobins was
drawn up by Laclos and Brissot。
'39' Investigations at the Chatelet; testimony of Count d'Absac de
Ternay。
'40' Malouet I。 247; 248。 This evidence is conclusive。 〃Apart from
what I saw myself;〃 says Malouet; 〃M。 de Montmorin and M。 Delessart
communicated to me all the police reports of 1789 and 1790。〃
'41' Sauzay; II。79 (municipal election; Nov。15; 1791)。 III。 221
(mayoralty election; November; 1792)。 The half…way moderates had 237
votes; and the sans…culottes; 310。
'42' Mercure de France; Nov。 26; 1791 (Pétion was elected mayor;
Nov。17; by 6;728 votes out of 10;682 voters)。 Mortimer…Ternaux; V。
95。 (Oct 4; 1792; Pétion was elected mayor by 13;746 votes out of
14;137 voters。 He declines。 … Oct。 21; d'Ormessan; a moderate; who
declines to stand; has nevertheless; 4;910 votes。 His competitor;
Lhuillier; a pure Jacobin; obtains only 4;896。)
'43' Albert Babeau; II。 15。 (The 32;000 inhabitants of Troyes indicate
about 7;000 electors。 In December; 1792; Jacquet is elected mayor by
400 votes out of 555 voters。 A striking coincidence is found in there
being 400 members of the Troyes club at this time。) Carnot;
Mémoires;〃 I。 181。 〃Dr。 Bollmann; who passed through Strasbourg in
1792; relates that out of 8;000 qualified citizens; only 400 voters
presented themselves。
'44' Mortimer…Ternaux; VI。 21。 In February; 1793; Pache is elected
mayor of Paris by 11;881 votes。 … Journal de Paris; number 185。
Henriot; July 2; 1793; is elected commander…in…chief of the Paris
national guard; by 9;084; against 6;095 votes given for his
competitor; Raffet。 The national guard comprises at this time110;000
registered members; besides 10;000 gendarmes and federates。 Many of
Henriot's partisans; again; voted twice。 (Cf。 on the elections and the
number of Jacobins at Paris; chapters XI。 and XII。 of this volume。)
'45' Michelet; VI。 95。 〃Almost all (the missionary representatives)
were supported by only; the smallest minority。 Baudot; for instance;
at Toulouse; in 1793; had but 400 men for him。〃
'46' For example; 〃Archives Nationales;〃 Fl 6; carton 3。 Petition of
the inhabitants of Arnay…le…Duc to the