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has 2;588; Sergent receives 1;648。  Buchez et Roux; XI。 238 (session

of Aug。12; 1791)。 Speech by Chapelier; 〃Archives Nationales;〃 F。6

(carton); 21。 Primary meeting of June 13; 1791; canton of Bèze (Cote

d'Or)。 Out of 460 active citizens; 157 are present; and; on the final

ballot; 58。 Ibid。; F7; 3235; (January; 1792)。 Lozerre: 〃1;000

citizens; at most; out of 25;000; voted in the primary meetings。 At。

Saint…Chèly; capital of the district; a few armed ruffians succeed in

forming the primary meeting and in substituting their own election for

that of eight parishes; whose frightened citizens who withdrew from

it。 。 。 At Langogne; chief town of the canton and district; out of

more than 400 active citizens; 22 or 23 at most  just what one would

suppose them to be when their presence drove away the rest  alone

formed the meeting。〃



'13' This power; with its gratifications; is thus shown; Beugnot; I。

140; 147。 〃On the publication of the decrees of August 4; the

committee of surveillance of Montigny; reinforced by all the patriots

of the country; came down like a torrent on the barony of Choiseul;

and exterminated all the hares and partridges。 。 。 They fished out the

ponds  。   At Mandres we find; in the best room of the inn; a dozen

peasants gathered around a table decked with tumblers and bottles;

amongst which we noticed an inkstand; pens; and something resembling a

register。   'I don't know what they are about;' said the landlady;

'but there they are; from morning till night; drinking; swearing; and

storming away at everybody; and they say that they are a committee。'〃



'14' Albert Babeau; I。 206; 242。  The first meeting of the

revolutionary committee of Troyes in the cemetery of St。 Jules;

August; 1789。 This committee becomes the only authority in the town;

after the assassination of the mayor; M。 Huez (Sept 10; 1790)。



'15' 〃The French Revolution;〃 Vol。I。 pp。 235; 242; 251。 … Buchez et

Roux; VI; 179。 … Guillon de Montléon; 〃Histoire de la Ville de Lyon

pendant la Revolution;〃 I。 87。  Guadet; 〃Les Girondins。〃



'16' Michelet; 〃Histoire de la Révolution;〃 II。47。



'17' The rules of the Paris club state that members must  〃labor to

establish and strengthen the Constitution; according to the spirit of

the club。〃



'18' Mercure de France; Aug。11; 1790。  〃Journal de la Société des

Amis la Constitution;〃 Nov。21; 1790。   Ibid。; March; 1791。 … Ibid。;

March; 1791。 … Ibid。; Aug。14; 1791 (speech by  R?derer)  Buchez et

Roux; XI。 481。



'19' Michelet; II。 407。  Moniteur; XII 347 (May 11; 1792); article

by Marie…Joseph Chénier; according to whom 800 Jacobin clubs exist at

this date。  Ibid。; XII。 753 (speech by M。 Delfaux session of June

25; 1792)。 …R?derer; preface to his translation of Hobbes。



'20'  〃Les Révolutions de Paris;〃 by Prudhomme; number 173。



'21' Constant; 〃Histoire d'un Club Jacobin en province; 〃passim

(Fontainbleau Club; founded May 5; 1791)。  Albert Babeau; I。434 and

following pages (foundation of the Troyes Club; Oct 1790)。   Sauzay;

I 206 and following pages (foundation of the Besan?on Club Aug。 28;

1790)。  Ibid。; 214 (foundation of the Pontarlier Club; March; 1791)



'22' Sauzay; I。 214 (April 2; 1791)



'23' 〃Journal des Amis de la Constitution;〃 I。 534 (Letter of the

〃Café  National〃 Club of Bordeaux;  Jan。29; 1791)。 Guillon de

Monthléon; I。 88。…〃The French Revolution;〃 vol。 I。 128; 242。







'24'  Here we have a complete system of propaganda and organizational

tactics identical to those used by the NAZIS; the Marxist…Leninists

and other 'children' of the original communist…Jacobins。 (SR。)



'25' Eugène Hatin; 〃Histoire politique et littéraire de la presse;〃

IV。 210 (with Marat's text in 〃L'Ami 〃I'Ami du peuple;〃 and Fréron's

in 〃l'Orateur du peuple〃)。



'26' Mercure de France; Nov。 27; 1790。



'27' Mercure de France; Sept。 3; 1791 (article by Mallet du Pan)。 〃On

the strength of a denunciation; the authors of which I knew; the

Luxembourg section on the 21st of June; the day of the king's

departure; sent commissaries and a military detachment to my domicile。

There was no judicial verdict; no legal order; either of police…court;

or justice of the peace; no examination whatever preceding this

mission。 。 。 The employees of the section overhauled my papers; books

and letters; transcribing some of the latter; and carried away copies

and the originals; putting seals on the rest; which were left in

charge of two fusiliers。〃



'28' Mercure de France; Aug。 27; 1791 (report by Duport…Dutertre;

Minister of Justice)。  Ibid。; Cf。 numbers of Sept。 8; 1790; and

March 12; 1791。



'29' Sauzay; I。208。 (Petition of the officers of the National Guard of

Besan?on; and observations of the municipal body; Sept。 15; 1790。 

Petition of 500 national guards; Dec。 15; 1790)。  Observations of

the district directory; which directory; having authorized the club;

avows that 〃three…quarters〃 of the national guard and a portion of

other citizens 〃are quite hostile to it。〃  Similar petitions at Dax;

Chalons…sur…Sa?ne; etc。; against the local club。



'30' 〃Lettres〃 (manuscript) of M。 Roullé; deputy from Pontivy; to his

constituents (May 1; 1789)。



'31' A rule of the association says: 〃The object of the association is

to discuss questions beforehand which are to be decided by the

National Assembly; 。 。 。 and to correspond with associations of the

same character which may be formed in the kingdom。〃



'32' Grégoires;  〃Mémoires;〃 I。 387。



'33' Malouet; II。 248。 〃I saw counselor Duport; who was a fanatic; and

not a bad man; with two or three others like him; exclaim: 'Terror!

Terror! What a pity that it has become necessary!



'34' Lafayette; 〃Mémoires〃 (in relation to Messieurs de Lameth and

their friends)。  According to a squib of the day: 〃What Duport

thinks; Barnave says and Lameth does〃  This trio was named the

Triumvirate。 Mirabeau; a government man; and a man to whom brutal

disorder was repugnant; called it the Triumgueusat。 (A trinity of

shabby fellows)



'35' Moniteur; V。212; 583。 (Report and speech of Dupont de Nemours;

sessions of July 31 and September 7; 1790。)  Vagabonds and ruffians

begin to play their parts in Paris on the 27th of April; 1789 (the

Réveillon affair)。  Already on the 30th of July; 1789; Rivarol

wrote: 〃Woe to whoever stirs up the dregs of a nation! The century

Enlightenment has not touched the populace!〃  In the preface of his

future dictionary; he refers to his articles of this period: 〃There

may be seen the precautions I took to prevent Europe from attributing

to the French nation the horrors committed by the crowd of ruffians

which the Revolution and the gold of a great personage had attracted

to the capital。〃    〃Letter of a deputy to his constituents;〃

published by Duprez; Paris; in the beginning of 1790 (cited by M。 de

Ségur; in the Revue de France; September 1; 1880)。 It relates to the

maneuvers for forcing a vote in favor of confiscating clerical

property。 〃Throughout All…Saints' day (November 1; 1789); drums were

beaten to call together the band known here as the Coadjutors of the

Revolution。 On the morning of November 2; when the deputies went to

the Assembly; they found the cathedral square and all the avenues to

the archbishop's palace; where the sessions were held; filled with an

innumerable crowd of people。 This army was composed of from 20;000 to

25;000 men; of which the greater number had no shoes or stockings;

woollen caps and rags formed their uniform and they had clubs  instead

of guns。 They overwhelmed the ecclesiastical deputies with insults; as

they passed on their way; and shouted that they would massacre without

mercy all who would not vote for stripping the clergy。 。 。 Near 300

deputies who were opposed to the motion did not dare attend the

Assembly。 。 。 The rush of ruffians in the vicinity of the hall; their

comments and threats; excited fears of this atrocious project being

carried out。 All who did not feel courageous enough to sacrifice

themselves; avoided going to the Assembly。〃 (The decree was adopted by

378 votes against 346。)



'36' Cf。 〃The Ancient Régime;〃 p。 51。



'37' Malouet; 1。247; 248。  〃Correspondence (manuscript) of M。 de

Sta?l;〃 Swedish Ambassador; with his court; copied from the archives

at Stockholm by M。 Léouzon…le…Duc。 Letter from M。 Sta?l of April 21;

1791: 〃M。 Laclos; secret agent of this wretched prince; (is a) clever

and subtle intriguer。〃 April 24: 〃His agents are more to be feared

than himself。 Through  his bad conduct; he is more of a nuisance than

a benefit to his party。



'38'  Especially after the king's flight to Varennes; and at the time

of the affair in the Champ de Mars。 The petition of the Jacobins was

drawn up by Laclos and Brissot。



'39' Investigations at the Chatelet; testimony of Count d'Absac de

Ternay。



'40' Malouet I。 247; 248。  This evidence is conclusive。 〃Apart from

what I saw myself;〃 says Malouet; 〃M。 de Montmorin and M。 Delessart

communicated to me all the police reports of 1789 and 1790。〃



'41' Sauzay; II。79 (municipal election; Nov。15; 1791)。  III。 221

(mayoralty election; November; 1792)。 The half…way moderates had 237

votes; and the sans…culottes; 310。



'42' Mercure de France; Nov。 26; 1791 (Pétion was elected mayor;

Nov。17; by 6;728 votes out of 10;682 voters)。  Mortimer…Ternaux; V。

95。 (Oct 4; 1792; Pétion was elected mayor by 13;746 votes out of

14;137 voters。 He declines。 … Oct。 21; d'Ormessan; a moderate; who

declines to stand; has nevertheless; 4;910 votes。 His competitor;

Lhuillier; a pure Jacobin; obtains only 4;896。)



'43' Albert Babeau; II。 15。 (The 32;000 inhabitants of Troyes indicate

about 7;000 electors。 In December; 1792; Jacquet is elected mayor by

400 votes out of 555 voters。 A striking coincidence is found in there

being 400 members of the Troyes club at this time。)  Carnot;

Mémoires;〃 I。 181。 〃Dr。 Bollmann; who passed through Strasbourg in

1792; relates that out of 8;000 qualified citizens; only 400 voters

presented themselves。



'44' Mortimer…Ternaux; VI。 21。 In February; 1793; Pache is elected

mayor of Paris by 11;881 votes。 … Journal de Paris; number 185。

Henriot; July 2; 1793; is elected commander…in…chief of the Paris

national guard; by 9;084; against 6;095 votes given for his

competitor; Raffet。 The national guard comprises at this time110;000

registered members; besides 10;000 gendarmes and federates。 Many of

Henriot's partisans; again; voted twice。 (Cf。 on the elections and the

number of Jacobins at Paris; chapters XI。 and XII。 of this volume。)



'45' Michelet; VI。 95。 〃Almost all (the missionary representatives)

were supported by only; the smallest minority。 Baudot; for instance;

at Toulouse; in 1793; had but 400 men for him。〃



'46' For example; 〃Archives Nationales;〃 Fl 6; carton 3。 Petition of

the inhabitants of Arnay…le…Duc to the 

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