the origins of contemporary france-5-第70章
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'34' Roederer; III。; 332 (Aug。 2; 1800)。
'35' Papers of Maine de Biran。 (Note communicated by M。 Naville。)
Letter of Baron Maurice; prefect of Dordogne; to M。 Maine de Biran;
sub…prefect of Bergerac; transmitting to him by order of the minister
of the interior a blank form to be filled up by him presenting the
〃Statistics of young ladies belonging to the most notable families of
the arrondissement。〃 The form annexed contained several columns; one
for names and given names; others for the future inheritance of real
and personal estate; etc。 A clever or energetic prefect; provided with
this list; was able and was expected to take an active part in
marriages and see that all the large dowries were appropriated on the
right side。 … 〃Memoires de Madame de …;〃 part 3rd; ch。 VIII。; p。
154。 (These very instructive memoirs by a very sincere and judicious
person are still unpublished。 I am not authorized to give the name of
the author。) 〃It was at this time that the emperor took it into his
head to marry as he saw fit the young girls who had more than 50;000
livres rental。〃 A rich heiress of Lyons; intended for M。 Jules de
Polignac; is thus wedded to M。 de Marb?uf。 M。 d'Aligre; by dint of
address and celerity; evades for his daughter first M。 de Caulaincourt
and then M。 de Faudoas; brother…in…law to Savary; and in stead weds
her to M。 de Pommereu。 … Baron de Vitrolles; Mémoires; I。 19。 (His
daughter was designated by the prefect of the Basses…Alpes。) … Comte
Joseph d'Estourmel; 〃Souvenirs de France et d'Italie;〃 239。 (Details
of this description of the young ladies to be married and the circular
from the duke de Rovigo; minister of police。) the eight column of the
form was 〃reserved to describe the physical charms and deformities;
the talents; the conduct and the religious principles of each of the
young ladies。〃
'36' 〃Statistiques des Préfets。〃 (Doubs; by Debry; p。 60; Meurthe; by
Marquis; p。 115; Ain; by Bossi; p。240。)
'37' 〃Statistique de l'Ain;〃 by Bossi; p。 1808。 From 1140 in 1801; the
number of employees and others under state pay amounts to 1771 in
1806。 This increase is attributed by the prefect to causes just
stated。
'38' Napoleon; 〃Correspondance。〃 (Note of April 11; 1811。) 〃There will
always be at Hamburg; Bremen and Lubeck from 8;000 to 10;000 French;
either employees or gendarmes; in the customs and depots。〃
'39' One officer may be counted to every 50 men in the infantry; in
the cavalry 1 officer to every 25 or 30 men; … This ratio of one
officer to every fifty men indicates that; among the 1;700;000 men who
perished between 1804 and 1815; there were 24;000 officers; which
gives about 3;000 vacancies per annum; to which must be added the
vacancies due to the wounded; disabled and and retired。 It must be
noted; moreover; that the death or retirement of an officer above the
grade of second…lieutenant makes several vacancies; vacancies which
are more numerous the higher the rank。 When a captain is killed
there are three promotions and so on。
'40' 〃The Revolution〃 III。; 335。 (Laff。 II。 p。 250) … Already; in
1795; the need of competent and specialized men was so great that the
government sought; even among royalists; for financial and diplomatic
heads of these services; it made offers to M。 Dufresne and to M。 de
Rayneval。 …Ib。 406。 … (Cf。 〃Mémoires〃 by Gaudin; Miot de Melito and
Mollien。)
'41' Words of Bouquier; reporter of the law on education (session of
the Convention; Frimaire 22; year II)。
'42' The reader is recommended to do as I have done and consult
biographies on point; also the souvenirs of his grandparents。
(H。A。Taine。)
'43' Thibaudeau; 〃Mémoires sur la Consulat;〃 p。88。 (Exposition of
motives by Roederer to the corps Législatif; Floréal 25; year X。)
〃After all; it is the creation of a new currency of quite different
value from that which issues from the public treasury; a currency of
unchangeable worth and of an inexhaustible mine; since it lies in
French honor; a currency which can solely reward actions regarded as
above any recompense。〃
'44' Thibaudeau; ibid。; 83。 (Address by the First Consul to the
council of State; Floréal 14; year X。) … Also 〃Mémorial〃: 〃Old and
corrupt nations are not governed the same as young and virtuous ones;
sacrifices have to be made to interest; to enjoyments; to vanity。 This
is the secret of the return to monarchical forms; to titles。 crosses;
ribbons; harmless baubles suited to exciting the respect of the
multitude while at the same time enforcing self…respect。〃
'45' 〃La Légion d'honneur;〃 by M。 Mazas; passim。 Details on the
nomination ceremonials。 〃The veritable date was July 15th; as the 14th
was Sunday。 Augereau and about sixty officers; 〃bad fellows〃 who
disliked the mass; refused to go into the chapel and remained outside
in the court。
'46' Several generals; Lecourbe; Souham ; etc。; were excluded as being
too republican or suspect and hostile。 Lemercier; Ducis; Delille; and
Lafayette refused。 Admiral Truguet; through pique and discontent; had
at first declined the grade of grand…officer; but finally changed his
mind and became at first commander and then grand…officer。
'47' 〃Les Cahiers du capitaine Coignet;〃 passim and pp。 95; 145。 〃When
the ceremony was over; handsome women who could get at me to examine
my cross; asked me if they might give me a kiss。〃 … At the Palais
Royal the proprietor of a café says to him: 〃Order whatever you want;
the Legion of Honor is welcome to anything。〃
'48' Mazas; ibid。; p。 413。 … Edmond Blanc; 〃Napoléon; ses institutions
civiles et administratives;〃 p。 279。 … The number of decorated; at
first; was to be 6;000。 In 1806; the emperor had nominated 14;500; and
taking his entire reign; until his fall; about 48;000。 The real force
of legionaries; however; then living does not surpass at this time
30;000; of which only 1;200 are in civil careers。 At the présent time;
December 1; 1888 (documents furnished by the records of the Légion
d'honneur); there are 52。915 decorated persons; of which 31;757 are
soldiers and 21;158 civilians。 Under the empire there was in all 1
cross to every 750 Frenchmen; at that time; out of 50 crosses there
were 2 for civil services; while in our day there are nearly 20。 (QUID
informs us that on 30…11…1994 the strength amounted to 207;390
persons。 SR。)
'49' Edmond Blanc; ibid。; 276…299; 325 and 326。 (List of titles of
prince and duke conferred by the emperor; and of gifts of 100;000
francs rental or of above that sum。)
'50' Mathieu Dumas; 〃Mémoires;〃 III。; 363。
'51' Napoleon; 〃Mémoires。〃
'52' Compare with the Brothers Grimm's fairytale: 〃The Fisherman and
his Wife。〃
'53' Thiers; 〃Histoire du Consulat et de l'Empire;〃 V。 III。; p。 210。
'54' Thiers; ibid。; p。195 (October 1806)。 Napoleon; in one of his
bulletins; had mentioned Murat's cavalry alone; omitting to mention
the infantry of Lannes; which behaved as well。 Lannes; disappointed;
did not dare read this bulletin to his men; and spoke to the emperor
about it。 'What reward can they look for if they don't find their
names published by the hundred…tongued voice of Fame which is under
your control!〃 Napoleon replies: 〃You and your men are children …
glory enough for all! 。 。 。 One of these days your turn will come in
the bulletins of the grand army。〃 Lannes reads this to his troops on
the great square of Stettin and it is received with outbursts of
enthusiasm。
'55' Madame de Rémusat。 III。; 129。
'56' The Revolution;〃 pp。 356…358。 (Laff。 I。 pp。 825…826。) … Marmont;
〃Mémoires;〃 I。 122。 (Letter to his mother; January 12; 1795。) 〃Behold
your son zealously fulfilling his duties; deserving of his country and
serving the republic。 。 。 。 We should not be worthy of liberty if we
did nothing to obtain it。〃
'57' Compare the 〃Journal du sergent Fricasse;〃 and 〃les Cahiers du
capitaine Coignet。〃 Fricasse is a volunteer who enlists in the defence
of the country; Coignet is a conscript ambitious of distinguishing
himself; and he says to his masters: 〃I promise to come back with the
fusil d'honneur or I shall be dead。〃
'58' Marmont; I。; 186; 282; 296。 (In Italy; 1796。) 〃At this epoch; our
ambition was quite secondary; we were solely concerned about our
duties and amusements。 The frankest and most cordial union existed
amongst us all。 。 。 。 No sentiment of envy; no low passion found room
in our breasts。 (Then) what excitement; what grandeur; what hopes and
what gayety! 。 。 。 Each had a presentiment of an illimitable future
and yet entertained no idea of personal ambition or calculation。〃 …
George Sand; 〃Histoire de ma vie。〃 (Correspondence of her father;
Commander Dupin。) … Stendhal; 〃Vie de Napoléon。〃 〃At this epoch
(1796); nobody in the army had any ambition。 I have known officers to
refuse promotion so as not to quit their regiment or their mistress。
'59' Roederer; III。; 556。 (Burgos; April 9; 1809; conversation with
General Lasalle written down the same evening。) 〃 You pass through
Paris?〃 〃Yes; it's the shortest way。 I shall get there at five in the
morning; I shall order a pair of boots; get my wife with child and
then leave for Germany。〃 … Roederer remarks to him that one risks
one's life and fights for the sake of promotion and to profit by
rising in the world。 〃No; not at all。 One takes pleasure in it。 One
enjoys fighting; it is pleasure enough in itself to fight! You are in
the midst of the uproar; of the action; of the smoke。 And then; on
acquiring reputation you have had the fun of making it。 When you have
got your fortune you know that your wife and children won't suffer。
That is enough。 As for myself; I could die to…morrow。〃 (The details of
this conversation are admirable; no document gives a better idea of
the officer of the epoch。)
'60' Compare with the idea of an ideal Chaver (kibbutznik)。: Melford
E。 Spiro; wrote 〃Kibbutz。 Venture in Utopia。〃 60 and described how
the Israeli kibbutzim as early as 1917 wanted the ideal kibbutzim to
be:
Loyal to his people
A brother to his fellows
A man of truth
A helpful and dependable brother
A lover of nature
Obedient to the orders of his leaders
Joyful and gay
Economical and generous
A man of courage
Pure in thoughts; words; and deeds (opposition to drinking; smoking
and sexual relationships)。
'61' Balzac has closely studied and admirably portrayed this type in a
〃Ménage de Gar?on。〃 … See other similar characters in Mérimée (〃Les
Mécontens;〃 and 〃les Espagnols en Danemark〃); in Stendhal (〃le
Chasseur vert〃)。 I knew five or six of them in my youth。
'62' Words of Marshal Marmont: 〃So long as he declared 'Everything for
France;' I served him enthusiastically; when he said; 'France and
myself' I served him zealously; when he said; 'myself and France;' I
served him with devotion。 It is only when he said; '