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head…clerks of the bureaus。  The Council of State served only to give

form to the decrees emanating from him; he ruled even in petty

details。  Everybody around him was timid and passive; his will was

regarded as that of an oracle and executed without reflection。 。 。 。

Self…isolated from other men; having concentrated in his own hands all

powers and all action; thoroughly convinced that another's light and

experience could be of no use to him; he thought that arms and hands

were all that he required。〃



'56' 〃Souvenirs〃; by Pasquier (Etienne…Dennis; duc); chancelier de

France。  In VI volumes; Librarie Plon;  Paris 1893。 Vol I。  chap。 IX。

and X。 pp。 225…268。 (Admirable portraiture of his principal agents;

Cambacérès; Talleyrand; Maret; Cretet; Real; etc。) Lacuée; director of

the conscription; is a perfect type of the imperial functionary。

Having received the broad ribbon of the Legion d'Honneur; he

exclaimed; at the height of his enthusiasm: 〃what will not France

become under such a man? To what degree of happiness and glory will it

not ascend; always provided the conscription furnishes him with

200;000 men a year! And; indeed; that will not be difficult;

considering the extent of the empire。〃 … And likewise with Merlin de

Douai: 〃I never knew a man less endowed with the sentiment of the just

and the unjust; everything seems to him right and good; as the

consequences of a legal text。  He was even endowed with a kind of

satanic smile which involuntarily rose to his lips 。 。 。 every time

the opportunity occurred; when; in applying his odious science; he

reached the conclusion that severity is necessary or some

condemnation。〃 The same with Defermon; in fiscal matters



'57' Madame de Rémusat; II。; 278; II。; 175。



'58' Ibid。; III。; 275; II。; 45。 (Apropos of Savary; his most intimate

agent。): 〃He is a man who must be constantly corrupted。〃



'59' Ibid。; I。; 109; II。; 247; III。; 366。



'60' 〃Madame de Rémusat;〃 II。; 142; 167; 245。 (Napoleon's own words。)

〃If I ordered Savary to rid himself of his wife and children; I am

sure he would not hesitate。〃 … Marmont; II。; 194: 〃We were at Vienna

in 1809。  Davoust said; speaking of his own and Maret's devotion: 〃If

the Emperor should say to us both; 'My political interests require the

destruction of Paris without any one escaping;' Maret would keep the

secret; I am sure; but nevertheless he could not help letting it be

known by getting his own family out。  I; rather than reveal it1 would

leave my wife and children there。〃 (These are bravado expressions;

wordy exaggerations; but significant。)



'61' Madame de Rémusat; II。; 379。



'62' Souvenirs du feu duc de Broglie;〃 I。; 230。  (Words of Maret; at

Dresden; in 1813; he probably repeats one of Napoleon's figures。)



'63' Mollien; II。; 9。



'64' D'Haussonville; 〃L'église Romaine et le premier Empire;〃VI。; 190;

and passim。



'65' Ibid。; III。; 460…473。 … Cf。 on the same scene; 〃Souvenirs〃; by

Pasquier (Etienne…Dennis; duc); Chancelier de France。  (He was both

witness and actor。)



'66' An expression of Cambacérès。  M。 de Lavalette; II。; 154。



'67' Madame de Rémusat; III。 184



'68' 〃Souvenirs〃; by Pasquier; Librarie Plon;  Paris 1893。…; I。; 521。

Details of the manufacture of counterfeit money; by order of Savary;

in an isolated building on the plain of Montrouge。 … Metternich; II。;

358。 (Words of Napoleon to M。 de Metternich): 〃I had 300 millions of

banknotes of the Bank of Vienna all ready and was going to flood you

with them。〃 Ibid。; Correspondence of M。 de Metternich with M。 de

Champagny on this subject (June; 1810)。



'69' 〃Souvenirs〃; by Pasquier; Librarie Plon;  Paris 1893。 … Vol。 II。

p。 196。



'70' Madame de Rémusat; II。; 335。



'71' Madame de Rémusat; I。; 231。



'72' Ibid。; 335。



'73' M。 de Metternich; I。; 284。  〃One of those to whom he seemed the

most attached was Duroc。  'He loves me the same as a dog loves his

master;' is the phrase he made use of in speaking of him to me。  He

compared Berthier's sentiment for his person to that of a child's

nurse。  Far from being opposed to his theory of the motives

influencing men these sentiments were its natural consequence whenever

he came across sentiments to which he could not apply the theory of

calculation based on cold interest; he sought the cause of it in a

kind of instinct。〃



'74' Beugnot; 〃Mémoires;〃 II。; 59。



'75' 〃Mémorial。〃 〃If I had returned victorious from Moscow; I would

have brought the Pope not to regret temporal power: I would have

converted him into an idol。 。  。 I would have directed the religious

world as well as the political world。 。 。   My councils would have

represented Christianity; and the Pope would have only been president

of them。〃



'76' De Ségur; III。; 312。 (In Spain; 1809。)



'77' 〃Mémoires du Prince Eugène。〃 (Letters of Napoleon; August; 1806。)



'78' Letter of Napoleon to Fouché; March 3; 1810。 (Left out in the

〃Correspondance de Napoléon I。;〃 and published by M。 Thiers in

〃Histoire du Consulat et de l'Empire; XII。; p。 115。



'79' De Ségur; III。; 459。



'80' Words of Napoleon to Marmont; who; after three months in the

hospital; returns to him in Spain with a broken arm and his hand in a

black sling: 〃You hold on to that rag then?〃 Sainte…Beuve; who loves

the truth as it really is; quotes the words as they came; which

Marmont dared not reproduce。  (Causeries du Lundi; VI。; 16。) …

〃Souvenirs〃; by Pasquier; Librarie Plon;  Paris 1893: 〃M。 de Champagny

having been dismissed and replaced; a courageous friend defended him

and insisted on his merit: 〃You are right;〃 said the Emperor; 〃he had

some when I took him; but by cramming him too full; I have made him

stupid。〃



'81' Beugnot; I。; 456; 464



'82' Mme。 de Rémusat; II。; 272。



'83' M。 de Champagny; 〃Souvenirs;〃 117。



'84' Madame de Rémusat; I。; 125。



'85' De Ségur; III。; 456。



'86'  〃The Ancient Regime;〃 p。 125。 … 〃?uvres de Louis XIV。;〃 191:

〃If there is any peculiar characteristic of this monarchy; it is the

free and easy access of the subjects to the king; it an egalité de

justice between both; and which; so to say; maintains both in a genial

and honest companionship; in spite of the almost infinite distance in

birth; rank; and power。  This agreeable society; which enables persons

of the Court to associate familiarly with us; impresses them and

charms them more than one can tell。〃



'87' Madame de Rémusat; II。; 32; 39。



'88' Madame de Rémusat; III。; 169。



'89' Ibid。; II。; 32; 223; 240; 259; III。; 169。



'90' Ibid。; I。; 112; II。; 77。



'91' M。 de Metternich; I。; 286。 … 〃It would be difficult to imagine

any greater awkwardness than that of Napoleon in a drawing…room。 …

Varnhagen von Ense; 〃Ausgew?hlte Schriften;〃 III。; 177。 (Audience of

July 10; 1810): 〃I never heard a harsher voice; one so inflexible。

When he smiled; it was only with the mouth and a portion of the

cheeks; the brow and eyes remained immovably sombre; 。 。 。 This

compound of a smile with seriousness had in it something terrible and

frightful。〃 …  On one occasion; at St。 Cloud; Varnhagen heard him

exclaim over and over again; twenty times; before a group of ladies;

〃How hot!〃



'92' Mme。 de Rémusat; II。; 77; 169。 … Thibaudeau; 〃 Mémoires sur le

Consulat;〃 p。 18: 〃He sometimes pays them left…handed compliments on

their toilet or adventures; which was his way of censuring morals。〃 …

〃Mes souvenirs sur Napoléon;〃 322 by le Comte Chaptal: 〃At a fête; in

the H?tel de Ville; he exclaimed to Madame ; who had just given

her name to him: 'Good God; they told me you were pretty!' To some old

persons: 'You haven't long to live! To another lady: 'It is a fine

time for you; now your husband is on his campaigns!' In general; the

tone of Bonaparte was that of an ill…bred lieutenant。  He often

invited a dozen or fifteen persons to dinner and rose from the table

before the soup was finished。。。 The court was a regular galley where

each rowed according to command。〃



'93' Madame de Rémusat; I。; 114; 122; 206; II。; 110; 112。



'94' Ibid。; I。; 277。



'95' 〃Hansard's Parliamentary History;〃 vol。 XXXVI。; 。3I0。  Lord

Whitworth's dispatch to Lord Hawkesbury; March 14; 1803; and account

of the scene with Napoleon。  〃All this took place loud enough for the

two hundred persons present to hear it。〃… Lord Whitworth (dispatch of

March 17) complains of this to Talleyrand and informs him that he

shall discontinue his visits to the Tuileries unless he is assured

that similar scenes shall not occur again。 … Lord Hawkesbury approves

of this (dispatch of March 27); and declares that the proceeding is

improper and offensive to the King of England。 … Similar scenes; the

same conceit and intemperate language; with M。 de Metternich; at

Paris; in 1809; also at Dresden; in 1813: again with Prince Korsakof;

at Paris; in 1812; with M。 de Balachof; at Wilna; in 1812; and with

Prince Cardito; at Milan; in 1805。



'96' Before the rupture of the peace of Amiens (〃Moniteur;〃 Aug。 8;

1802): The French government is now more firmly established than the

English government。〃 … (〃Moniteur〃 Sept。10; 1802): 〃What a difference

between a people which conquers for love of glory and a people of

traders who happen to become conquerors!〃 … (〃Moniteur;〃 Feb。 20;

1803): 〃The government declares with a just pride that England cannot

now contend against France。〃 … Campaign of 1805; 9th bulletin; words

of Napoleon in the presence of Mack's staff: 〃I recommend my brother

the Emperor of Germany to make peace as quick as he can! Now is the

time to remember that all empires come to an end; the idea that an end

might come to the house of Lorraine ought to alarm him。〃 … Letter to

the Queen of Naples; January 2; 1805: 〃Let your Majesty listen to what

I predict。  On the first war breaking out; of which she might be the

cause; she and her children will have ceased to reign; her children

would go wandering about among the different countries of Europe

begging help from their relations。〃



'97' 37th bulletin; announcing the march of an army on Naples 〃to

punish the Queen's treachery and cast from the throne that criminal

woman; who; with such shamelessness; has violated all that men hold

sacred。〃 … Proclamation of May 13; 1809: 〃Vienna; which the princes of

the house of Lorraine have abandoned; not as honorable soldiers

yielding to circumstances and the chances of war; but as perjurers

pursued by remorse。 。 。 。 In flying from Vienna their adieus to its

inhabitants consisted of murder and fire。  Like Medea; they have

sacrificed their children with their own hands。〃 … 13th bulletin: 〃The

rage of the house of Lorraine against the city of Vienna;〃



'98' Letter to the King of Spain; Sept。 18; 1803; and a note to the

Spanish minister of foreign affairs; on the Prince de la Paix: 〃This

favorite; who has succee

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